作者: Dysplasia 時(shí)間: 2025-3-21 21:32
Toxicodynamic Testsy of chemicals since it allows decisions on the options for extrapolation of experimental data to the human situation..This text follows the different levels of experimental models in toxicodynamic testing, as shown in Fig. ..作者: 方舟 時(shí)間: 2025-3-22 03:45 作者: 提名 時(shí)間: 2025-3-22 07:40 作者: 粗糙濫制 時(shí)間: 2025-3-22 09:27
Metabolism Tests in Regulatory Toxicologyan be investigated in suitable in vitro test systems. Both provide predictive information to assess the potential risk to patients before approval of a drug and even before the first clinical trials and, thus, contribute to the minimization of risk for healthy subjects and patients.作者: 芭蕾舞女演員 時(shí)間: 2025-3-22 15:11 作者: Longitude 時(shí)間: 2025-3-22 20:41 作者: Enzyme 時(shí)間: 2025-3-22 23:58
National and International Collaboration in Regulatory Toxicologyicals, pesticides, and pharmaceuticals. Comprehensive and cost-effective use of these substances while maintaining high health and safety standards is, in principle, possible and has been shown in a number of cases. However, it is still a long way until these standards are implemented worldwide foll作者: enlist 時(shí)間: 2025-3-23 04:33 作者: 惡心 時(shí)間: 2025-3-23 07:42
Quality Assurance in Regulatory Toxicologyan and the environment. Data reliability is closely linked with the exclusion or minimization of errors and mistakes in the generation of data. These objectives can be reached by the implementation of appropriate Quality Assurance (QA) systems. An important part of such systems is Quality Management作者: 可卡 時(shí)間: 2025-3-23 11:28
Toxicological Risk Assessmentound or mixture. To enable a systematic analysis of the different types of information needed, various risk analysis paradigms have been developed. Among these, the scheme developed in 1983 by the US National Academy of Sciences (NAS) has been the most widely utilized. Risk analysis provides the sci作者: galley 時(shí)間: 2025-3-23 14:25
Characterization of Physicochemical Parameters in Toxicologyare known. These properties determine to a large extent the behaviour of a substance in the environment and in the living organism. Thus knowledge of physicochemical properties is important for the development of therapeutic drugs as well as for the risk assessment of all chemicals.作者: Cholecystokinin 時(shí)間: 2025-3-23 19:13 作者: 充氣球 時(shí)間: 2025-3-23 23:35
Examination of Organ Toxicityenobiotics. Toxic responses can manifest systemically (e.g., the immune system) or may produce specific toxic effects in a single organ system (skin) or single organ (liver). Organ toxicity may therefore result from a direct and primary effect on a target organ or as a result of secondary effects in作者: 直覺(jué)好 時(shí)間: 2025-3-24 05:15
Specific Toxicity Tests for Neurotoxicity, Immunotoxicity, Allergy, Irritation, Reprotoxicity, and Co other test methods such as testing for possible immunotoxic or neurotoxic properties of a substance. Special, usually internationally applicable, test guidelines form the regulatory basis for the test methods, which apply to chemicals, crop protection products, and medicinal products.作者: 母豬 時(shí)間: 2025-3-24 09:15
Toxicity Testing In Vitro. Regulatory Aspects are now used for the early toxicological assessment of new substances within the context of screening tests and for mechanistic investigations. In this connection, in vitro methods represent a valuable adjunct to animal studies, without being able to replace animal studies completely at the present作者: 傷心 時(shí)間: 2025-3-24 11:00
Computer-Based Prediction Models in Regulatory Toxicologyts in animal protection legislation have exacerbated the dilemma of regulatory toxicology, where on the one hand the required scientific contributions for the protection of workers, consumers, or patients are constantly augmented while on the other hand the number of experimental animal studies shou作者: DUST 時(shí)間: 2025-3-24 17:18 作者: Vulnerable 時(shí)間: 2025-3-24 20:55 作者: 領(lǐng)先 時(shí)間: 2025-3-25 00:32 作者: Etching 時(shí)間: 2025-3-25 07:16 作者: Incumbent 時(shí)間: 2025-3-25 08:45
Working Areas of Regulatory Toxicology make regulatory decisions independently of one another. Consistency of decision involves harmonizing; thus, cross-border cooperation of toxicologists and other regulatory affairs specialists is essential.作者: 膠水 時(shí)間: 2025-3-25 11:48
National and International Collaboration in Regulatory Toxicologyowing the principles of sustainable development with the goal of a better quality of life of all people. A number of international bodies and authorities promote the sound management of chemicals at national and international level, some of which are described in this chapter.作者: Paradox 時(shí)間: 2025-3-25 16:19 作者: 真 時(shí)間: 2025-3-25 21:43
Examination of Organ Toxicity organs and tissues that have a physiological dependence on the primary target. The assessment of organ toxicity must therefore take into account the complex physiological interdependence of tissues and organs within the body.作者: 朝圣者 時(shí)間: 2025-3-26 04:08 作者: AWE 時(shí)間: 2025-3-26 07:54
Toxicokinetic Testsles of the parent substance, its metabolites, or degradation products. Accordingly, toxicokinetic data provide indispensable estimates for systemic and organ-specific substance burdens and contribute significantly to the interpretation of toxicological data and their significance for humans.作者: 不可接觸 時(shí)間: 2025-3-26 10:11 作者: Forsake 時(shí)間: 2025-3-26 13:52 作者: 爭(zhēng)吵 時(shí)間: 2025-3-26 20:27
Aims and Mission of Regulatory ToxicologyOS) can be calculated by comparing the NOAEL with the human exposure. In general, up to now the risk of genotoxic carcinogens at a certain exposure concentration is estimated by linear extrapolation of the dose–response curve. Additional information for the evaluation of the human relevance of exper作者: Anecdote 時(shí)間: 2025-3-26 22:56
Computer-Based Prediction Models in Regulatory Toxicology and systems will undoubtedly increase in the future. However, knowledge of how these systems work, on the underlying data quality, and their respective limitations are prerequisites for a sensible application.作者: Musket 時(shí)間: 2025-3-27 02:12
Reference work 20141st editiondisposal. The book describes these methods in an accessible manner. Differing concepts from one regulation area to another are also covered. Reasons and consequences become evident when reading the book. Altogether, the book Regulatory Toxicology will serve as an excellent reference.作者: GROVE 時(shí)間: 2025-3-27 05:20
akis. Our algorithm has to deal with so-called . states, states that cannot be distinguished in case of an adversarial system-under-test. Analogous to the result of Lee & Yannakakis, we prove that if an (adaptive) test exists that distinguishes all pairs of incompatible states of an LTS, our algorit作者: 歡笑 時(shí)間: 2025-3-27 09:51
akis. Our algorithm has to deal with so-called . states, states that cannot be distinguished in case of an adversarial system-under-test. Analogous to the result of Lee & Yannakakis, we prove that if an (adaptive) test exists that distinguishes all pairs of incompatible states of an LTS, our algorit作者: sorbitol 時(shí)間: 2025-3-27 13:49
Helmut Greimakis. Our algorithm has to deal with so-called . states, states that cannot be distinguished in case of an adversarial system-under-test. Analogous to the result of Lee & Yannakakis, we prove that if an (adaptive) test exists that distinguishes all pairs of incompatible states of an LTS, our algorit作者: Gnrh670 時(shí)間: 2025-3-27 21:45
Michael Schwenk,H. Paul A. Illingwhich is infinitely branching and thus infeasible for practical testing tools. Instead, we extend the theory of zone graphs to enable . testing on a finite semantic model of TIOA. Finally, we investigate compositionality of . with respect to parallel composition including a proper treatment of silen作者: 慢慢流出 時(shí)間: 2025-3-27 23:56 作者: beta-carotene 時(shí)間: 2025-3-28 02:30
Dietrich Henschler,Wolfgang Dekantons is supported by automated HAMR translation from AADL models into the Isabelle specifications. In addition to general verification support, we define well-formedness properties and associated proofs for models, system states, and traces that are automatically proven for HAMR-generated Isabelle mo作者: 彩色的蠟筆 時(shí)間: 2025-3-28 08:49
Werner Lilienblum,Stephen Harstone required for different aspects in a CBSD process, and also different formal theories are required even for a particular aspect. However, ensuring their consistent application remains a major challenge and this is a main barrier to the effective industry adoption of CBSD. Furthermore, we delineate 作者: 失敗主義者 時(shí)間: 2025-3-28 11:47
Maged Younesve extended our methods to . systems and to CPSs with continuous behaviors..We illustrate the effectiveness of Maude-based formal model engineering of industrial CPSs on avionics control systems and collections of drones. Finally, we identify future directions in this line of research.作者: Germinate 時(shí)間: 2025-3-28 17:57 作者: 粘連 時(shí)間: 2025-3-28 20:45
Mathias Lochert corrective action. The core of our approach is an impact model language equipped with a formal semantics defined in terms of Discrete Time Markov Chains. To validate our approach, we show how employing our language can improve the accuracy of predictions used for decision-making in the Rainbow fra作者: 付出 時(shí)間: 2025-3-29 01:25
Karl Georg Heimann,Kevin Doughtyt corrective action. The core of our approach is an impact model language equipped with a formal semantics defined in terms of Discrete Time Markov Chains. To validate our approach, we show how employing our language can improve the accuracy of predictions used for decision-making in the Rainbow fra作者: invade 時(shí)間: 2025-3-29 06:50 作者: 詳細(xì)目錄 時(shí)間: 2025-3-29 08:57 作者: 切掉 時(shí)間: 2025-3-29 12:37
Eckhard von Keutzt corrective action. The core of our approach is an impact model language equipped with a formal semantics defined in terms of Discrete Time Markov Chains. To validate our approach, we show how employing our language can improve the accuracy of predictions used for decision-making in the Rainbow fra作者: 繼承人 時(shí)間: 2025-3-29 17:59 作者: forestry 時(shí)間: 2025-3-29 21:37
Thomas Steger-Hartmann,Scott Boyers. Currently, . can decide bounded-phase reachability problem for three types of channel semantics, namely lossy, stuttering and unordered channels. Messages inside these channels can be lost, duplicated and re-arranged, respectively. . efficiently and uniformly reduces the bounded-phase reachabilit作者: 使糾纏 時(shí)間: 2025-3-30 00:24
Gert Ulrich Kuerzel,Christine Mauriacns. To allow genericity of specifications, we study first-order and second-order extensions of the propositional logic. We provide examples illustrating the application of the results to the characterization of architecture styles. Finally, we provide an experimental evaluation using the Maude rewri作者: conformity 時(shí)間: 2025-3-30 04:25 作者: Banister 時(shí)間: 2025-3-30 09:24 作者: condone 時(shí)間: 2025-3-30 13:23 作者: DEAF 時(shí)間: 2025-3-30 20:27
Although this theory is widely used, e.g., to check conformance of protocol implementations, its applicability is limited by restrictions of the FSM framework: the fact that inputs and outputs alternate in an FSM, and outputs are fully determined by the previous input and state. Labeled Transition S作者: 鍵琴 時(shí)間: 2025-3-31 00:30 作者: Contend 時(shí)間: 2025-3-31 01:34 作者: 起來(lái)了 時(shí)間: 2025-3-31 06:40
Michael Schwenk,H. Paul A. Illing permitted by a specification. Thereupon, several real-time extensions of ., usually called ., have been proposed, further taking into account permitted delays between actions. In this paper, we propose an improved version of ., called . (.), tackling various weaknesses of existing definitions. Here作者: START 時(shí)間: 2025-3-31 10:10 作者: 討人喜歡 時(shí)間: 2025-3-31 17:12
Dietrich Henschler,Wolfgang Dekantfication, verification, and code generation are integrated. Such a vision depends strongly on a clear modeling language semantics that provides different tools and stakeholders with a common understanding of a model’s meaning. In this paper, we report on a mechanization of a formal semantics in the 作者: Vldl379 時(shí)間: 2025-3-31 17:35
