作者: gorgeous 時(shí)間: 2025-3-21 20:32 作者: 戰(zhàn)役 時(shí)間: 2025-3-22 03:39
1431-7028 in the fields of Markov chains, diffusions, potential theory, dynamical systems, and in areas where extinction is a central concept. The theory is illustrated with numero978-3-642-42888-3978-3-642-33131-2Series ISSN 1431-7028 作者: Evacuate 時(shí)間: 2025-3-22 04:36 作者: THE 時(shí)間: 2025-3-22 09:30 作者: 赤字 時(shí)間: 2025-3-22 14:57 作者: 哺乳動(dòng)物 時(shí)間: 2025-3-22 21:01
Pierre Collet,Servet Martínez,Jaime San Martínfinancial co-operation for the purpose of combating the threat of famine and under-development. International organizations of a regional or world wide character are studying the problems more and more closely, and can now offer assistance to almost every nation on a scale which, although it may app作者: inveigh 時(shí)間: 2025-3-23 00:34 作者: 失誤 時(shí)間: 2025-3-23 03:28 作者: motivate 時(shí)間: 2025-3-23 05:59
Pierre Collet,Servet Martínez,Jaime San Martín significance in relation to raw materials extraction, agriculture, and certain sectors depending on natural conditions (.. ship-building), it cannot guide international cooperation in the case of partners in the process of industrialization — particularly intense among the socialist countries.作者: 出來(lái) 時(shí)間: 2025-3-23 12:45
Pierre Collet,Servet Martínez,Jaime San Martín deadlock, and striving to make this contradiction less acute. Attempts are being made to combine in international associations such as the Common Market, and to redistribute foreign markets, although these and other measures, while strengthening temporarily the position of certain monopolies, canno作者: 宴會(huì) 時(shí)間: 2025-3-23 17:17 作者: LIKEN 時(shí)間: 2025-3-23 21:04 作者: 鎮(zhèn)壓 時(shí)間: 2025-3-24 01:16
ries as a group even if we exclude major oil exporters — maintained their rates of economic growth in fece of the slow-down of growth in the industrial countries of the North, the rise in energy prices, balance of payments problems, upheavals in commodity prices, the accumulating debt, inflation.… S作者: 免費(fèi) 時(shí)間: 2025-3-24 04:39
Pierre Collet,Servet Martínez,Jaime San Martínhat are interested in increasing their own competitiveness. At the same time, it is impossible to implement innovative processes in production cycles without realizing the potential of our own human resources. Improving energy efficiency, in the context of rising tariffs and tougher competition, is 作者: EWER 時(shí)間: 2025-3-24 09:28 作者: Overthrow 時(shí)間: 2025-3-24 12:27 作者: 腫塊 時(shí)間: 2025-3-24 14:55
Pierre Collet,Servet Martínez,Jaime San Martínis human capital should be a factor in economic growth.. There are a number of views that may be taken, none of them very convincing. One such view deducts from the total rate of growth the contributions of physical capital and population growth, and finds a very large remaining factor—which Aukrust作者: 太空 時(shí)間: 2025-3-24 19:34
Pierre Collet,Servet Martínez,Jaime San Martíndivision of labour. Economic integration — the division of labour beyond the borders of individual states and the consequent extension of foreign trade — is essential if the technical and economic parameters of production in a broad range of industries are to be improved: an increase in the internat作者: Acetabulum 時(shí)間: 2025-3-24 23:46
Pierre Collet,Servet Martínez,Jaime San Martín inter-branch and intra-branch. The erroneous view, however, still seems to persist that the inter-branch specialization of production between nations is a function of the differential natural endowment (including climate) and its suitability for specific industries (.. agriculture). Such conditions作者: 有毒 時(shí)間: 2025-3-25 04:07
Pierre Collet,Servet Martínez,Jaime San Martíndivision of labour. Economic integration — the division of labour beyond the borders of individual states and the consequent extension of foreign trade — is essential if the technical and economic parameters of production in a broad range of industries are to be improved: an increase in the internat作者: CLAP 時(shí)間: 2025-3-25 09:31 作者: Perineum 時(shí)間: 2025-3-25 12:31
ns to be established by an . system of balances — in precise form for the most significant goods and in a general fashion for aggregate flows. Each detailed balance exhibits availabilities and major requirements. This long-established planning practice can be described in the well-known equation, th作者: 使入迷 時(shí)間: 2025-3-25 17:08
Introduction,process is said to be killed when it hits the trap and it is assumed that this happens almost surely. We investigate the behavior of the process before being killed, more precisely we study what happens when one conditions the process to survive for a long time.作者: 有權(quán)威 時(shí)間: 2025-3-25 21:48
Quasi-Stationary Distributions: General Results, distributions (QSDs). In Theorem?2.2 of Sect.?., we show that starting from a QSD the killing time is exponentially distributed, and in Theorem?2.6 of Sect.?., we show that the killing time and the state of killing are independent random variables. In Theorem?2.11 of Sect.?., we give a theorem of e作者: BRACE 時(shí)間: 2025-3-26 03:01
Markov Chains on Finite Spaces,the normalized left Perron–Frobenius eigenvector of the jump rates matrix restricted to the allowed states. The right eigenvector is shown to be the asymptotic ratio of survival probabilities. In Sect.?., it is proved that the trajectories that survive forever form a Markov chain which is an .-proce作者: BAN 時(shí)間: 2025-3-26 05:54 作者: 愛(ài)國(guó)者 時(shí)間: 2025-3-26 10:32 作者: Exaggerate 時(shí)間: 2025-3-26 14:07 作者: GROVE 時(shí)間: 2025-3-26 18:22 作者: NATAL 時(shí)間: 2025-3-26 22:50 作者: LITHE 時(shí)間: 2025-3-27 01:57 作者: motivate 時(shí)間: 2025-3-27 05:58 作者: chondromalacia 時(shí)間: 2025-3-27 10:00
Markov Chains on Countable Spaces,ectral decomposition as a limit of finite truncations. For a monotone process, the exponential rate of convergence and the stationary distribution of the ergodic process are compared with the exponential rate of survival and the QSD, respectively, when we impose killing; this is done in Sect.?..作者: Heterodoxy 時(shí)間: 2025-3-27 15:14
1431-7028 plementary material: .Main concepts of quasi-stationary distributions (QSDs) for killed processes are the focus of the present volume. For diffusions, the killing is at the boundary and for dynamical systems there is a trap. The authors present the QSDs as the ones that allow describing the long-ter作者: 可以任性 時(shí)間: 2025-3-27 20:14
Quasi-Stationary Distributions: General Results,f Sect.?., we show that the killing time and the state of killing are independent random variables. In Theorem?2.11 of Sect.?., we give a theorem of existence of a QSD in a topological setting without any assumption on compactness or spectral properties.作者: 厭惡 時(shí)間: 2025-3-27 21:57
978-3-642-42888-3Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg 2013作者: Ingratiate 時(shí)間: 2025-3-28 04:54
Quasi-Stationary Distributions978-3-642-33131-2Series ISSN 1431-7028 作者: Obligatory 時(shí)間: 2025-3-28 07:50
Probability and Its Applicationshttp://image.papertrans.cn/q/image/781616.jpg作者: 是突襲 時(shí)間: 2025-3-28 11:32 作者: MIR 時(shí)間: 2025-3-28 14:34
Pierre Collet,Servet Martínez,Jaime San MartínDeals with an area that has received a lot of attention in last decades.Provides numerous examples.Focuses on selected topics ?.Includes supplementary material: 作者: 膽汁 時(shí)間: 2025-3-28 20:37
Introduction,process is said to be killed when it hits the trap and it is assumed that this happens almost surely. We investigate the behavior of the process before being killed, more precisely we study what happens when one conditions the process to survive for a long time.作者: projectile 時(shí)間: 2025-3-29 00:06
,Regular Diffusions on [0,∞),the trap .. Some of the applications of this theory can be found in models of ecology, economy (see Sect.?. in the next chapter) and Markov mortality models (see Steinsaltz and Evans in Theor. Popul. Biol. 65(4):319–337, .).作者: 團(tuán)結(jié) 時(shí)間: 2025-3-29 05:15 作者: 嫻熟 時(shí)間: 2025-3-29 09:48 作者: Expertise 時(shí)間: 2025-3-29 15:14 作者: ASSAY 時(shí)間: 2025-3-29 16:14
