作者: 字的誤用 時間: 2025-3-21 22:58
Carolyn J. Anderson,Susan Embretson,Jacqueline Meulman,Irini Moustaki,Alina A. von Davier,Marie Wibeonal economics that has always attracted a lot of attention from the scholars. Some scholars have consistently examined the impact of globalization on the quality of governance. However, the question is how a country’s economic and institutional structures can affect the impacts of globalization on 作者: grudging 時間: 2025-3-22 01:04
George Engelhard Jr,Jue Wangmodel to increase the efficiency of the emerging markets. This topic is chosen due to the difficulty of the governments to deal with the ambiguous mechanism behind institutional change, public administration reform, and continuity. The approach is based on new institutional theory and institution-ba作者: Indurate 時間: 2025-3-22 07:23
Safir Yousfistitutions. Institutions foster consistency and institutions (rules of the game) shape human interactions; Institutions shape individual and collective actions in economic, social, and political dimensions. The famous Greek philosopher, “Heraclitus” said “change is the only constant in life,” and th作者: Regurgitation 時間: 2025-3-22 12:41 作者: Bph773 時間: 2025-3-22 13:17 作者: bacteria 時間: 2025-3-22 19:59 作者: 個人長篇演說 時間: 2025-3-22 22:16
Debby ten Hove,Terrence D. Jorgensen,L. Andries van der Arksting from the viewpoint of oceanology is that of a weakly nonlinear internal wave packet with the mode structure generating velocity, density, and pressure fields which do not vanish when averaged over the wave period. In Section 9.1 the main characteristics of such fields are obtained. In Section 作者: 無表情 時間: 2025-3-23 05:06
Sandra Flores,Jorge Luis Bazán,Heleno Bolfarinets own analysis. The first is the propagation of internal waves in shallow water (e.g., in a shallow sea like the Baltic Sea) when the wavelength . considerably exceeds the sea’s depth .. In this case equations of internal waves dynamics are reduced to the Korteweg-de Vries equation (KdV) (see a rev作者: gonioscopy 時間: 2025-3-23 07:11
Gabriel Wallin,Marie Wibergsting from the viewpoint of oceanology is that of a weakly nonlinear internal wave packet with the mode structure generating velocity, density, and pressure fields which do not vanish when averaged over the wave period. In Section 9.1 the main characteristics of such fields are obtained. In Section 作者: Lice692 時間: 2025-3-23 10:25 作者: Melanoma 時間: 2025-3-23 14:13 作者: 進(jìn)入 時間: 2025-3-23 18:22 作者: 蝕刻 時間: 2025-3-23 23:56 作者: palette 時間: 2025-3-24 05:01 作者: 我悲傷 時間: 2025-3-24 10:11
Kentaro Hayashi,Ke-Hai Yuan,Ge Jiangamely, that of price. We assume that commoditization can be controlled by intentionally lowering the visibility of the value dimension and configuring conditions under which is difficult to make comparisons with competing products. Such an assumption emphasizes the importance of “invisible different作者: scotoma 時間: 2025-3-24 14:41
Ya-Hui Su,Yan-Ling Laieconomy, (2) the dispersion level and its time-series behavior vary across countries, and (3) the dispersion level is high and is expanding in Anglo-Saxon countries. Meanwhile, non Anglo-Saxon countries have a relatively low dispersion level. Based on the measurement of profitability dispersion, we 作者: 能夠支付 時間: 2025-3-24 16:31
Dongmei Liey are researched and developed at the same time as they are learned and used. Successful language revitalization depends crucially on people in communities regaining authority over their languages as well as developing the ability to use them in a wide range of contexts. In this process of language作者: 支架 時間: 2025-3-24 19:12
Tim Loossens,Stijn Verdonck,Francis Tuerlinckxey are researched and developed at the same time as they are learned and used. Successful language revitalization depends crucially on people in communities regaining authority over their languages as well as developing the ability to use them in a wide range of contexts. In this process of language作者: Osteoarthritis 時間: 2025-3-24 23:33 作者: TOXIC 時間: 2025-3-25 06:18 作者: ureter 時間: 2025-3-25 08:51 作者: 擴大 時間: 2025-3-25 12:10
Multiple-Group Propensity Score Inverse Weight Trimming and Its Impact on Covariate Balance and Bia. Results from the simulation study showed that trimming inverse weights increased covariate bias and did not have a substantial impact on parameter recovery statistics of the treatment effect; moreover, data mining methods produced less extreme inverse weights compared to multinomial logistic regression models.作者: 思考 時間: 2025-3-25 19:08 作者: MELD 時間: 2025-3-25 23:57 作者: Meditative 時間: 2025-3-26 00:30
An Extended Item Response Tree Model for Wording Effects in Mixed-Format Scales,nes an IRTree model and a bi-factor model in an IRT framework—to identify how wording effects influence response processes for negatively worded items. Twelve items of an extroversion construct from the Big Five personality inventory were used for demonstration. Results showed that the wording effects were varied on these negatively worded items.作者: murmur 時間: 2025-3-26 04:33 作者: 兵團 時間: 2025-3-26 08:37
Constant CSEM Achieved Through Scale Transformation and Adaptive Testing,re scales that are nonlinearly related to each other, and each achieving the goal of equalizing the CSEMs on its own scale. Procedures for equalizing the CSEMs of a CAT that is not designed to have fixed precision are provided, and implications for transitioning from linear tests with equal CSEMs to CATs are also discussed.作者: Clinch 時間: 2025-3-26 16:36 作者: acrophobia 時間: 2025-3-26 17:23
Predictive Validity Under Partial Observability,a real data set from the university selection test applied in Chile and compared with the marginal effect of the traditional model used in Chile to evaluate the predictive capacity of the selection test.作者: 姑姑在炫耀 時間: 2025-3-26 22:04 作者: Armory 時間: 2025-3-27 03:01 作者: Hot-Flash 時間: 2025-3-27 09:09
Developing a Concept Map for Rasch Measurement Theory,e and attainment tests. Danish Institute for Educational Research, Copenhagen. (Expanded edition, Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1980), 1960/1980). There have been several taxonomies describing item response theory (Kim S-H et al., A taxonomy of item response models in Psychometrika. In: Wibe作者: detach 時間: 2025-3-27 11:01
Person Parameter Estimation for IRT Models of Forced-Choice Data: Merits and Perils of Pseudo-Likell local dependencies in the structural equation model. However, local dependencies of pairwise comparisons within forced-choice blocks are only considered for item parameter estimation by this approach but are explicitly ignored by the respective methods of person parameter estimation. The present p作者: expeditious 時間: 2025-3-27 14:06
An Extended Item Response Tree Model for Wording Effects in Mixed-Format Scales, (IRTree) models have been proposed to analyze Likert-scale data because they could provide insights into an individual’s response process. A Likert-scale survey is often mixed with positively worded and negatively worded items, which might induce wording effects. Therefore, it is of interest to inv作者: expository 時間: 2025-3-27 20:51
The Four-Parameter Normal Ogive Model with Response Times,ent, has been renewed (Culpepper, Psychometrika, 81(4):1142–1163, 2016; Feuerstahler and Waller (Multivar Behav Res 49(3):285–285, 2014)). The defining feature of this model is the inclusion of an upper asymptote parameter, in addition to those included in the more common three-parameter logistic (3作者: LAP 時間: 2025-3-28 00:11 作者: Intervention 時間: 2025-3-28 02:37 作者: 省略 時間: 2025-3-28 08:25 作者: CARK 時間: 2025-3-28 13:11 作者: Trigger-Point 時間: 2025-3-28 16:21
Practical Implementation of Test Equating Using ,lthough software for test equating is currently available, in this paper we focus the attention on four different . packages which can facilitate test equating for researchers and test developers. This paper list the different . packages which are available at the moment. Examples are provided for t作者: 搬運工 時間: 2025-3-28 19:57
Predictive Validity Under Partial Observability,per we propose to evaluate the predictive capacity of selection tests through marginal effects under a partial identification approach. Identification bounds are defined for the marginal effects under monotonicity assumptions of the response variable. The performance of our method is assessed using 作者: 大量殺死 時間: 2025-3-29 00:07
Multiple-Group Propensity Score Inverse Weight Trimming and Its Impact on Covariate Balance and Biansity score methods facilitate the estimation of treatment effects when more than two intervention groups are compared. Former research has documented the benefits and weaknesses of trimming inverse weights of propensity scores in the context of one treatment and one comparison group, but no researc作者: 一回合 時間: 2025-3-29 06:09
Procrustes Penalty Function for Matching Matrices to Targets with Its Applications,s. In this research, as a generalized form of penalized estimation, a new penalty function is proposed. The proposed function shrinks solutions to a prespecified target matrix which possesses a certain simple structure. The resulting solution is therefore simple and easy to interpret, and its simpli作者: angina-pectoris 時間: 2025-3-29 08:45
Factor Score Estimation from the Perspective of Item Response Theory,ntities, so one would expect that their estimation or characterization would follow parallel tracks in CFA and IRT. However, historically they have not. Different procedures have been used to derive factor score estimates and latent variable estimates in IRT, and different computational procedures h作者: musicologist 時間: 2025-3-29 14:49
On the Precision Matrix in Semi-High-Dimensional Settings, than the sample size, the sample covariance matrix is no longer positive definite, and the inverse does not exist. Under the sparsity assumption on the elements of the precision matrix, the problem can be solved by fitting a Gaussian graphical model with lasso penalty. However, in high-dimensional 作者: lanugo 時間: 2025-3-29 18:11 作者: Restenosis 時間: 2025-3-29 21:22
Constant CSEM Achieved Through Scale Transformation and Adaptive Testing,nstant CSEM across all scores not only simplifies score interpretation and score reporting, but also contributes to the fairness of testing. This paper compares two fundamentally different approaches to achieving constant CSEMs: CSEM stabilizing scale transformations and computer adaptive tests (CAT作者: 沉思的魚 時間: 2025-3-30 01:35 作者: 無可非議 時間: 2025-3-30 06:51
Synchronized Time Profile Similarity in Applications to Nearest Neighbor Classification,implied data. Synchronization aligns inter-individual data from different time points to account for potential phase offsets and nonstationarity in the data. Such synchronization has been applied in psychology: For example, coordinated motion between two individuals exchanging information was used a作者: 問到了燒瓶 時間: 2025-3-30 09:55 作者: 疼死我了 時間: 2025-3-30 15:26
Person Parameter Estimation for IRT Models of Forced-Choice Data: Merits and Perils of Pseudo-Likelilar estimates in most applications. However, standard errors and Bayesian estimation techniques are affected by falsely precise inference based on the independence likelihood. Fortunately, these distortions can be amended almost completely by a correction factor to the (independence) pseudo-likelih作者: HIKE 時間: 2025-3-30 16:32 作者: Strength 時間: 2025-3-30 22:09
A Bayesian Graphical and Probabilistic Proposal for Bias Analysis,In addition, we also calculate the mean of the posterior probability of all the differences of each parameter for the groups compared. This probabilistic measurement provides a more accurate perception of intergroup performance by analyzing all items together. Our methodology is illustrated with the作者: 600 時間: 2025-3-31 01:12 作者: 我邪惡 時間: 2025-3-31 05:29
Factor Score Estimation from the Perspective of Item Response Theory, expected a posteriori and maximum likelihood estimates of IRT latent variables to clarify relations among the scores. This provides insights into the ways in which the data are combined into factor score estimates. The results provide an alternative method to compute factor scores in some simple mo作者: 美食家 時間: 2025-3-31 11:34
On the Precision Matrix in Semi-High-Dimensional Settings, are compared such as unweighted least squares and factor analysis with equal unique variances (i.e., the probabilistic principal component analysis), as well as ridge factor analysis with small ridge parameters. Results indicate that they all give relatively small mean squared errors even when the 作者: 追蹤 時間: 2025-3-31 14:37
Performance of the Modified Continuous ,-Stratification Indices in Computerized Adaptive Testing,gh percentage of overexposed items. Therefore, this study proposed three modified CAI methods for monitoring item exposure and compared their performance in item selection with some CAT item exposure control methods.作者: confide 時間: 2025-3-31 19:29
Synergized Bootstrapping: The Whole is Faster than the Sum of Its Parts,the individual data points. As a consequence, once the costs of the individual data points are known, the parameter set’s cost can be obtained for any of the cost functions related to one of the replicated datasets. The synergized bootstrap method put forward in this paper exploits these two feature作者: 人充滿活力 時間: 2025-3-31 23:12
Synchronized Time Profile Similarity in Applications to Nearest Neighbor Classification, time warping and window-crossed lagging. The current study compares the Euclidean distance and the squared correlation before and after synchronization using window-crossed lagging and dynamic time warping in applications to one-nearest-neighbor classification tasks. Discussion, limitations, and fu作者: Spartan 時間: 2025-4-1 03:21
Carolyn J. Anderson,Susan Embretson,Jacqueline Meulman,Irini Moustaki,Alina A. von Davier,Marie Wibe to estimate our model. Before estimating the models, cross-sectional dependency (CD) tests, some unit root tests, and slope homogeneity test (Pesaran MH, Yamagata T, J Econometrics 142:50–93, 2008) (PY test) were used. The results showed that the overall globalization and trade openness had a posit作者: Bereavement 時間: 2025-4-1 06:10 作者: 減弱不好 時間: 2025-4-1 11:16
Safir Yousfi economics. The chapter is a Doctrinal study and primarily proposes the basic idea behind the formation of Institution, which will lead the readers of varying disciplines to fathom the realm of Institution. Secondly, the chapter conveys the causes of Institutional change like functionality, technolo
