作者: 同位素 時(shí)間: 2025-3-21 21:59
https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-662-02906-0algorithms; artificial intelligence; closed world assumption; complexity; intelligence; knowledge; logic; n作者: entreat 時(shí)間: 2025-3-22 02:14 作者: Vaginismus 時(shí)間: 2025-3-22 06:41
Stable theories,Stable theories were proposed as formal representations of belief sets of an ideally rational reasoning agent possessing a full power of introspection. A set of beliefs of such an agent should, of course, be closed under propositional consequence but, in addition, it should be closed under:作者: 音樂(lè)會(huì) 時(shí)間: 2025-3-22 08:48
Nonmonotonic logic of pure necessitation and autoepistemic logics,In this chapter we study several important nonmonotonic modal logics from the family of logics introduced by McDermott and Doyle, and discussed in Chapter 9.作者: 歌曲 時(shí)間: 2025-3-22 16:18 作者: 平淡而無(wú)味 時(shí)間: 2025-3-22 20:14 作者: Minatory 時(shí)間: 2025-3-22 21:44
Complexity of some forms of nonmonotonic reasoning,omplexity theory and the recursion theory. Definitions of some of these concepts are provided in the first section of this chapter. For the undefined concepts the reader is referred to Garey and Johnson [GJ79] and Rogers [Rog87].作者: Irrepressible 時(shí)間: 2025-3-23 04:53
978-3-662-02908-4Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg 1993作者: Pudendal-Nerve 時(shí)間: 2025-3-23 07:09 作者: Granular 時(shí)間: 2025-3-23 12:21
General default theories,edge (belief) sets that are represented by a default theory. They play a similar role to that of the set of all consequences of a theory in propositional logic. In this chapter we study the notion of an extension and provide several characterizations of extensions as well as algorithms to compute th作者: 確定無(wú)疑 時(shí)間: 2025-3-23 14:02
Representation theory for default logic,nt default theory with all rules either monotonic, that is, justification-free, or semi-normal. We also show that prerequisite-free normal default theories can be represented within the framework of .. Finally, we discuss the representability of families of sets as collections of weak extensions of 作者: 橫條 時(shí)間: 2025-3-23 19:40 作者: 潛伏期 時(shí)間: 2025-3-24 01:54
nce to the subjects’ own illness. Much less effort has been invested in finding out how people generally picture the causes of health and illness, and particularly the problem of how causal attributions relate to a subject’s personality characteristics. The present study is a first, unassuming attempt to address this topic.作者: 紅腫 時(shí)間: 2025-3-24 03:52 作者: MURKY 時(shí)間: 2025-3-24 10:31 作者: 信條 時(shí)間: 2025-3-24 13:08 作者: 貪婪性 時(shí)間: 2025-3-24 17:40
V. Wiktor Marek,Miros?aw Truszczyńskinot live after their death; they would not awaken and would be abandoned to a state of nonexistence” (1974, p. 31). In other words, failing admittance into eternal paradise did not entail the eternal sufferings of Hell, but instead, a complete, painless nonexistence.作者: 設(shè)想 時(shí)間: 2025-3-24 23:04
V. Wiktor Marek,Miros?aw Truszczyńskinot live after their death; they would not awaken and would be abandoned to a state of nonexistence” (1974, p. 31). In other words, failing admittance into eternal paradise did not entail the eternal sufferings of Hell, but instead, a complete, painless nonexistence.作者: Chronic 時(shí)間: 2025-3-24 23:52
1431-0066 ights and sophisticated mathematics that one would expect from such a background. I believe that this book is a splendid example of the intellectual maturity of978-3-662-02908-4978-3-662-02906-0Series ISSN 1431-0066 作者: 史前 時(shí)間: 2025-3-25 06:06
V. Wiktor Marek,Miros?aw Truszczyńskiense by Freud (1894/1964; 1896/1964), we are miles removed from this ambitious goal. Let us therefore briefly and cursorily assess the state of the notion of defense, with a particular emphasis on the links between the three facets of this inquiry.作者: Flagging 時(shí)間: 2025-3-25 08:46
V. Wiktor Marek,Miros?aw Truszczyńskis in Kant, Fichte, Schelling, and Hegel, and also gives a systematic overview of other important drive theories that were formed around 1800 by Herder, Goethe, Jacobi, Novalis, Reinhold, Schiller, and Schopenha978-3-030-84162-1978-3-030-84160-7作者: 熱情的我 時(shí)間: 2025-3-25 13:33
V. Wiktor Marek,Miros?aw Truszczyńskis in Kant, Fichte, Schelling, and Hegel, and also gives a systematic overview of other important drive theories that were formed around 1800 by Herder, Goethe, Jacobi, Novalis, Reinhold, Schiller, and Schopenha978-3-030-84162-1978-3-030-84160-7作者: exacerbate 時(shí)間: 2025-3-25 19:26 作者: Deadpan 時(shí)間: 2025-3-25 22:03
V. Wiktor Marek,Miros?aw Truszczyńskiiss Sinja Alma for her transforming a chaotic manuscript into a neat typescript in a most capable and patient manner; to Miss E. D. ]. ]ongens for her assistance in sorting out the United Nations documentation; and to Howard S. Gold (Gersono- vitch), who was so kind as to correct the faults in my English. Sin978-90-247-1525-1978-94-010-2430-3作者: lethargy 時(shí)間: 2025-3-26 03:02
V. Wiktor Marek,Miros?aw Truszczyńskito Christianity. In order to become a Christian, one must first of all exist. "Nothing more than thatP‘ one may be tempted to think. Yet at the very core of the Postscript is the notion that to exist as an individual human being is difficult. The author goes so far as to claim that men have forgotte作者: Asymptomatic 時(shí)間: 2025-3-26 06:34 作者: ADOPT 時(shí)間: 2025-3-26 12:14
V. Wiktor Marek,Miros?aw Truszczyński involved regarding the puzzle of eternal experience; second, an understanding of how different philosophical formulations of responses to the puzzle; lastly, a philosophical visualization of experience developed by thinking through temporality as a proposed solution to the puzzle.作者: mechanism 時(shí)間: 2025-3-26 15:44
ilar statement. He claims there that “[C]ontemporary politics is this devastating experiment that disarticulates and empties institutions and beliefs, ideologies and religions, identities and communities all throughout the planet, so as then to rehash and reinstate their definitively nullified form” (Agamben, 2000, p. 109).作者: alabaster 時(shí)間: 2025-3-26 18:48
Introduction, inherent property of commonsense reasoning is its nonmonotonicity. That is, a larger set of “initial assumptions” does not necessarily imply a larger set of “consequences”. To model this phenomenon several nonstandard formal systems have been proposed. They are commonly referred to as .. Our goal i作者: Truculent 時(shí)間: 2025-3-26 20:59
Rudiments of logic and set theory,the sake of convenience several definitions and facts from these disciplines are gathered below. Our selection is by no means comprehensive. For a detailed treatment of propositional and predicate logics the reader is referred to the books by Mendelson [Men64], Rasiowa and Sikorski [RS70], Fitting [作者: 晚來(lái)的提名 時(shí)間: 2025-3-27 03:37 作者: 不可知論 時(shí)間: 2025-3-27 06:41
Representation theory for default logic,he same logical properties. For instance, it is well known that for every propositional formula . there exists a formula . in the conjunctive normal form such that . and . have the same models (are logically equivalent). In fact, there is a simple algorithm to construct . out of .. In this chapter w作者: 啪心兒跳動(dòng) 時(shí)間: 2025-3-27 10:28 作者: Minikin 時(shí)間: 2025-3-27 17:19
Modal logic,notonic modal logics later in the book. An exhaustive presentation of modal logics can be found in several good monographs on the subject, for example, Chellas[Che80], Fitting [Fit83], and Hughes and Cresswell [HC84]. A detailed study of index logics can be found in the dissertation of Segerberg [Se作者: 叫喊 時(shí)間: 2025-3-27 20:13
Modal nonmonotonic logics,te to study knowledge (or belief) sets an agent constructs when he is reasoning not only from what is known to him but also from what is . or . Such reasonings are defeasible, that is, when the agent learns new facts some of the previous derivations are not valid any more. In order to capture the ph作者: 踉蹌 時(shí)間: 2025-3-28 00:10
Topics in modal nonmonotonic logic, to the problem of computing .-expansions. Next, we study the relations between modal nonmonotonic logics. It turns out that often, despite being based on different modal . logics, the corresponding modal . logics coincide. In the following section we investigate the effects of adding new definition作者: prosthesis 時(shí)間: 2025-3-28 05:22
Relations among nonmonotonic formalisms,ions fall into this category) and modal nonmonotonic logics. Until now we have not discussed the question of interconnections between them. We will do so in this chapter. First, we will show that several modal nonmonotonic logics studied in Chapter 7 can be regarded as generalizations of default log作者: 倔強(qiáng)一點(diǎn) 時(shí)間: 2025-3-28 10:12
Complexity of some forms of nonmonotonic reasoning,omplexity theory and the recursion theory. Definitions of some of these concepts are provided in the first section of this chapter. For the undefined concepts the reader is referred to Garey and Johnson [GJ79] and Rogers [Rog87].作者: incubus 時(shí)間: 2025-3-28 13:34 作者: addict 時(shí)間: 2025-3-28 15:54
V. Wiktor Marek,Miros?aw Truszczyńskinswers to this question may be expected. Some would wholeheartedly endorse the theoretical, clinical, and research value of this notion; others would reject it outright. Between these two extremes, a large number of observers, perhaps the majority, would suspend their judgment. Their attitude, compo作者: 連接 時(shí)間: 2025-3-28 20:30
V. Wiktor Marek,Miros?aw Truszczyńskimifications. As yet, the three strands of clinical observation, research investigation, and conceptual formulation have not merged into an integrated whole. Hence the need for this volume. The contributors aspire to fill the gaps between these three reference points of exploration and discovery. The作者: GILD 時(shí)間: 2025-3-29 01:17 作者: 主動(dòng) 時(shí)間: 2025-3-29 05:06
V. Wiktor Marek,Miros?aw Truszczyński. J. P. Tammes, who acted as Promotor. Throughout my working at this study he managed to afford at the same time guidance, inspiration, and complete freedom. I have also benefited much from the suggestions and advice of Dr. Th. e. van Boven of the Dutch Ministry of Foreign Affairs, Member of the U.N作者: 繁榮中國(guó) 時(shí)間: 2025-3-29 08:31
V. Wiktor Marek,Miros?aw Truszczyńskinternational researchers in the field.Discusses the concept‘.This volume gathers a collection of fourteen original articles discussing the concept of drive in classical German philosophy. Its aim is to offer a comprehensive historical overview of the concept of drive at the turn of the 19.th. centur作者: 虛構(gòu)的東西 時(shí)間: 2025-3-29 14:26 作者: Inertia 時(shí)間: 2025-3-29 19:29
V. Wiktor Marek,Miros?aw Truszczyńskihilosopher is the Concluding Unscientific Postscript to the Philosophical Fragments. The Fragments is a brief, algebraic piece in which the author attempts to put forward the central teachings of Christianity in philosophical terminology. The. work is addressed to a reader who has a philosophical be作者: 雪白 時(shí)間: 2025-3-29 22:24 作者: SEMI 時(shí)間: 2025-3-30 02:19 作者: Vo2-Max 時(shí)間: 2025-3-30 05:16 作者: aspect 時(shí)間: 2025-3-30 11:04 作者: optional 時(shí)間: 2025-3-30 16:17 作者: AWE 時(shí)間: 2025-3-30 19:54
V. Wiktor Marek,Miros?aw Truszczyńskigh it may seem from Biblical passages that this has always been the prevailing view of the Church, in ., Philippe Ariès (1974) argues that this popular contemporary belief, that one’s afterlife is determined by how one lives, was not prevalent until the 12th and 13th centuries. Prior to that, Ariès 作者: 冒號(hào) 時(shí)間: 2025-3-30 23:24
