作者: grenade 時間: 2025-3-21 21:28 作者: 荒唐 時間: 2025-3-22 03:16
Functional Gradients in Insect Gall Tissues: Studies on Neotropical Host Plants,y the redifferentiation of tissues with typical features and functions of a new organ. These tissues may guarantee adaptive advantages to the galling insect against natural enemies, microenvironmental stresses, and also provide adequate nutrition. Moreover, the formation of the final gall body, i.e.作者: 1FAWN 時間: 2025-3-22 08:10
Gall Morphotypes in the Neotropics and the Need to Standardize Them,ormed plant organ generated by the interaction between a gall-inducing organism and a host plant. Once each gall morphotype is unique and derived from a species-specific interaction, there is a great confidence in using them to identify the different galling systems. In the Neotropics, where the bio作者: 狂怒 時間: 2025-3-22 10:25
Population Ecology of Galling Arthropods in the Neotropics,n time and space are considered, with a discussion of seasonality and host synchronization. The contribution of various mortality factors to abundance is also compared, considering both top-down (parasitoids, predators) and bottom-up (host plant). Competition is also considered, but sources appear s作者: Notify 時間: 2025-3-22 16:26
Bottom-Up Effects on Gall Distribution,ironments. In search for a mechanism for this pattern, most studies have focused on top-down effects, such as predation and parasitism, which could potentially be weakened in those stressful environments and favour gall survivorship. In this chapter, however, we examine bottom-up effects that could 作者: Climate 時間: 2025-3-22 18:06
Natural Selection on a Tropical System: Gall-Size Distribution on , (Malvaceae), species. Gall-inducing insects and their natural enemies have played an important role in generating testable evolutionary hypotheses. One scenario is provided by the galling insect . (Diptera: Cecidomyiidae), its natural enemies and host plant, . (Malvaceae). Here, we present our results of field 作者: AFFIX 時間: 2025-3-23 00:15
Density of Insect Galls in the Forest Understorey and Canopy: Neotropical, Gondwana or Global Patte a habitat rather than ecosystem effect. We tested the hypothesis that upper forest canopies are probably the best suitable habitat for gall-forming insects in any tropical vegetation, comparing the wet rainforest of Panama (Neotropical), and the subtropical forest of Australia (Australian). We furt作者: 鐵塔等 時間: 2025-3-23 02:37
Galling Insects as Indicators of Habitat Quality,spicuousness and abundance. In this chapter we summarize some of the studies performed in the Neotropics that have used galling insects as indicators of habitat quality. These studies have mostly investigated forest fragmentation and the edge effect on the gall community, while few use galling insec作者: verdict 時間: 2025-3-23 08:20 作者: 膽汁 時間: 2025-3-23 11:57 作者: stratum-corneum 時間: 2025-3-23 16:02
Galling Insects on , Camb. (Caryocaraceae),species. In this chapter, I discuss the within-tree distribution of the four galling species. The gall inducers exhibit different distributions in the crown, and I discuss the influence of biotic and abiotic factors on these distributions. The distributions of the galls were also evaluated at the le作者: 創(chuàng)作 時間: 2025-3-23 19:39
,: A Neotropical Model System to Study Insect Plant Interactions,tecture, phenology and occupy many different niches across several gradients of light, temperature, humidity, altitude and succession. It is host to the most speciose galling fauna, with more than 121 galling species on 40 host plant. This system provides an ideal scenario to test several ecological作者: 捏造 時間: 2025-3-24 00:10 作者: 憤慨點(diǎn)吧 時間: 2025-3-24 03:57
Galling Insects in the Brazilian Cerrado: Ecological Patterns and Perspectives,lling insect-plant interactions have been investigated in the Cerrado. Therefore, several ecological hypotheses and patterns have been described in Cerrado. In this chapter we discuss: (a) a historical overview of studies with focus on insect galls from the Cerrado highlighting key studies and ecolo作者: 你敢命令 時間: 2025-3-24 09:19 作者: Gingivitis 時間: 2025-3-24 11:02
Galls in the Brazilian Coastal Vegetation,lastomataceae show the greatest number of galled species and the greatest richness of insect gall morphotypes. The super host plant species are . cf. ., . cf. . and .. These plant taxa are among the best represented in restinga ecosystem, suggesting the influence of the plant composition on gall div作者: 巨大沒有 時間: 2025-3-24 16:43
Galls from Brazilian Atlantic Forest: Status of Knowledge and Perspectives,imal interactions, especially insect herbivores. Galling insects are a highly specialized guild of herbivores that induce abnormal growth in tissues of their host plants, the galls. These provide better food for the galling larvae and protection against natural enemies. Despite the great biological 作者: Ardent 時間: 2025-3-24 20:32
Galling Insects in the Pantanal Wetland and Amazonian Rainforest,nteresting record of 1,549 galling morphospecies in 66 botanical families, 251 genera and 713 species of host plants in the Amazonian forests. No difference was observed in the number of galling species between Pantanal patch edge and interior. However, dissimilarity in galling species composition w作者: CLOWN 時間: 2025-3-25 02:04
es increasingly prevalent in telephony,audio, video, consumer products, etc. The varying demands onconversion rate, resolution and other characteristics have inspired alarge number of competing A/D conversion techniques. .Sigma DeltaModulators: Nonlinear. .Decoding Algorithms and StabilityAnalysis. 作者: 外科醫(yī)生 時間: 2025-3-25 04:41 作者: 牢騷 時間: 2025-3-25 11:34 作者: 鎮(zhèn)壓 時間: 2025-3-25 14:28
Denis Coelho de Oliveira,Ana Silvia Franco Pinheiro Moreira,Rosy Mary dos Santos Isaiasar localization of σ. receptors. It is clear now that σ. receptors localize predominantly on the ER in varieties of mammalian cells, although σ. receptors can show a multi-organelle distribution pattern inside the cell. Details of σ. receptor distribution in highly polarized neurons in the brain wil作者: 攝取 時間: 2025-3-25 17:12 作者: Buttress 時間: 2025-3-25 23:33 作者: 協(xié)奏曲 時間: 2025-3-26 01:28
Milton Barbosa,Geraldo Wilson Fernandeseptor selectivity. These compounds have provided useful tools to further investigate the physiological role that central and peripheral σ receptors play. Furthermore, many of these compounds have been investigated for their . actions, and particularly promising is their ability to attenuate cocaine-作者: MAG 時間: 2025-3-26 08:12 作者: 很像弓] 時間: 2025-3-26 11:05
Sérvio Pontes Ribeiro,Yves Basset,Roger Kitchingn and anatomical distribution for these proteins. σ Receptors are widely distributed in the body, where they mediate a variety of physiological functions. The chemical diversity of compounds that interact with σ receptors is vast and includes therapeutically relevant entities including psychotomimet作者: 暖昧關(guān)系 時間: 2025-3-26 14:44
Tiago Shizen Toma,Geraldo Wilson Fernandes,Danielle Gomes de Souza,Marcelo Tabarelli,Jean Carlos Sanigmatic receptors, and finally to identified proteins with important biological functions. Since the first book on a receptors was published in 1994, there have been many significant advances in the field. We now know that o receptors subserve many critical functions in the body and recent studies i作者: 昏迷狀態(tài) 時間: 2025-3-26 18:26 作者: Habituate 時間: 2025-3-26 21:59 作者: 外面 時間: 2025-3-27 04:53
Germano Le?o Demolin Leitetinal tract. The stimulating effects of σ ligands on mucosal alkaline secretion have been found to correlate with their protective effects on experimental duodenal ulcers. In the intestine, σ ligands have been shown to have potent antisecretory effects which are related to potent antidiarrheal effic作者: 共和國 時間: 2025-3-27 07:37 作者: Ointment 時間: 2025-3-27 11:29 作者: 包庇 時間: 2025-3-27 14:14 作者: 多節(jié) 時間: 2025-3-27 20:30 作者: nepotism 時間: 2025-3-28 00:09
Valéria Cid Maia,Sheila Patrícia Carvalho-Fernandes,Alene Ramos Rodrigues,Sharlene Ascendinoidence. Considering first the documents contemporaneous with her treatment by Breuer it appears that in his view the underlying illness that she suffered from passed more or less spontaneously, but that the hysterical symptoms grounded in the illness were susceptible to the new method of treatment t作者: Locale 時間: 2025-3-28 05:22 作者: 秘傳 時間: 2025-3-28 07:38 作者: Unsaturated-Fat 時間: 2025-3-28 10:24 作者: 發(fā)芽 時間: 2025-3-28 16:33 作者: Thymus 時間: 2025-3-28 21:12 作者: 可忽略 時間: 2025-3-28 23:23 作者: micturition 時間: 2025-3-29 05:06
Book 2014s in the Neotropical region.?We attempt to summarize the work done so far in the region, promote several syntheses on many aspects such as host induction, host specialization, distribution among the several vegetation types and zones, the origin of super hosts and the mechanisms leading to geographi作者: myopia 時間: 2025-3-29 08:43
rigin of super hosts and the mechanisms leading to geographical patterns in their distribution.?Furthermore, the book constructs new perspectives for deeper understanding of galling insect evolutionary ecology and biogeopgraphy in the region..978-94-024-0100-4978-94-017-8783-3作者: inscribe 時間: 2025-3-29 14:54 作者: Induction 時間: 2025-3-29 19:35
Host Specificity of Gall Midges (Diptera: Cecidomyiidae) on Ten Species of , (Fabaceae),ospecies. Thirteen cecidomyiid morphospecies were restricted to just one species of .. Of the 17 morphospecies found on more than one species of ., only three were restricted to a single section of the genus. We discuss possible reasons for these results, as well as the complications involved in using gall morphotypes as a surrogate for species.作者: 增長 時間: 2025-3-29 21:28
Galling Insect Community Associated with , (Fabaceae): The Role of Inter- and Intra-annual Host Plaen reproductive and non-reproductive years of . Moreover, leaf biomass and gall richness and abundance were also affected by intra-annual variation in plant phenology. Finally, the possible roles of plant phenology on gall community associated with . are discussed.作者: BOGUS 時間: 2025-3-30 00:17 作者: Cardiac-Output 時間: 2025-3-30 06:25 作者: Hdl348 時間: 2025-3-30 09:26 作者: 蘑菇 時間: 2025-3-30 13:05
Book 2014ion, host specialization, distribution among the several vegetation types and zones, the origin of super hosts and the mechanisms leading to geographical patterns in their distribution.?Furthermore, the book constructs new perspectives for deeper understanding of galling insect evolutionary ecology and biogeopgraphy in the region..作者: intoxicate 時間: 2025-3-30 18:57 作者: 強(qiáng)制性 時間: 2025-3-30 21:30 作者: Insul島 時間: 2025-3-31 04:52 作者: Neutropenia 時間: 2025-3-31 07:53 作者: heterodox 時間: 2025-3-31 11:31 作者: deface 時間: 2025-3-31 16:45
Developmental Anatomy of Galls in the Neotropics: Arthropods Stimuli Versus Host Plant Constraints,mulation of phenolics is kept as one of the first cell responses to the presence of the inducer and if it is related to the changes in cell polarity and axiality. The final gall morphotypes require new spatial and developmental control of the host plant cells division and expansion, together with ce作者: COWER 時間: 2025-3-31 19:17 作者: 內(nèi)疚 時間: 2025-4-1 01:04
Natural Selection on a Tropical System: Gall-Size Distribution on , (Malvaceae),rent types of enemies results in an unexpected selection effect detected in post-selection gall-size distribution. Further, our model was able to characterize resource partitioning among the interacting natural enemies of the galling insect. This study may provide the fuel to stimulate more studies 作者: 最高點(diǎn) 時間: 2025-4-1 02:54 作者: 使熄滅 時間: 2025-4-1 07:46 作者: 旁觀者 時間: 2025-4-1 10:38
Galls in Brazilian Mountains: New Reports and Perspectives,ority of regional richness of gall-forming insects is explained by their beta richness component, suggesting that the composition of the community of gall-forming insects reflects the patterns of distribution of their host plants in the tropics.作者: nerve-sparing 時間: 2025-4-1 15:34
Galls in the Brazilian Coastal Vegetation,ented by 15 families of Hymenoptera, being Eulophidae, Eupelmidae, and Platygastridae the most frequent. The predators comprise gall midges (Diptera: Cecidomyiidae), ants (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) and pseudoscorpions (Olpiidae). Inquilines are represented by six insect orders: Diptera, Lepidoptera, 作者: 有雜色 時間: 2025-4-1 18:34
Galls from Brazilian Atlantic Forest: Status of Knowledge and Perspectives, 12–40 plant families. When compared to the other different Brazilian ecosystems, the Atlantic rain forests showed one of the highest levels of gall richness. Given the extension of the Atlantic rain forests more studies on galling studies are needed.
