標(biāo)題: Titlebook: Methods of Assessing the Reinforcing Properties of Abused Drugs; Michael A. Bozarth Book 1987 Springer-Verlag New York Inc. 1987 Motivatio [打印本頁(yè)] 作者: Diverticulum 時(shí)間: 2025-3-21 18:23
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書目名稱Methods of Assessing the Reinforcing Properties of Abused Drugs讀者反饋
書目名稱Methods of Assessing the Reinforcing Properties of Abused Drugs讀者反饋學(xué)科排名
作者: wreathe 時(shí)間: 2025-3-21 20:30 作者: accordance 時(shí)間: 2025-3-22 01:20
Assessing Drugs for Abuse Liability and Dependence Potential in Laboratory Primates, discriminative, and eliciting properties of drugs as the basis for an effective technology to evaluate a broad range of pharmacological agents. Procedures and outcomes from extensive studies with primates assessing drug self-administration, drug discrimination, physiological dependence, and behavi作者: 無(wú)聊的人 時(shí)間: 2025-3-22 07:26 作者: Canary 時(shí)間: 2025-3-22 11:20
Second-Order Schedules of Drug Injectionntained by procurement, preparation, and the ultimate administration of drug. Since abusers can be totally consumed with drug-seeking and drug-oriented behaviors and since drug abuse is obviously maladaptive, many theories of drug addiction and abuse have emphasized what were thought to be fundament作者: Canary 時(shí)間: 2025-3-22 15:27 作者: Endemic 時(shí)間: 2025-3-22 18:37 作者: accomplishment 時(shí)間: 2025-3-22 22:46 作者: Visual-Field 時(shí)間: 2025-3-23 02:50 作者: 屈尊 時(shí)間: 2025-3-23 06:10
Prediction of Drug Abuse Liability from Animal Studiescal dependence potential. For prediction of drug abuse liability, it is important to find and compare the drug’s effects against those of prototypic drugs. The important pharmacological properties include the following: central nervous system (CNS) effects, including operant behavioral effects; tole作者: 大溝 時(shí)間: 2025-3-23 10:02
Conditioned Reinforcement as a Measure of the Rewarding Properties of Drugsprocedure has employed both contingent and noncontingent association of the initially neutral stimulus with repeated doses of the drug reinforcer. Evidence for primary reinforcement by doses of drug is later demonstrated by the behavior of a subject when the stimulus is presented contingent to lever作者: EVICT 時(shí)間: 2025-3-23 16:23
Place Conditioning: A Simple and Effective Method for Assessing the Motivational Properties of Drugsametric viewpoints. The importance of employing a “balanced” paradigm is emphasized. The potential of the paradigm to answer basic questions concerning the neural bases of motivation is outlined with examples.作者: Adulate 時(shí)間: 2025-3-23 21:50
Conditioned Place Preference: A Parametric Analysis Using Systemic Heroin Injectionsssical conditioning were used, such as increasing the intensity of the unconditioned stimulus and increasing the number of conditioning trials. These manipulations had little effect on the strength of the conditioned response. Alternative explanations for the shift in place preference were also exam作者: Inoperable 時(shí)間: 2025-3-23 23:00 作者: 蚊帳 時(shí)間: 2025-3-24 04:16
Applications and Limitations of the Drug Discrimination Method for the Study Of Drug Abuse of drugs that underlie drug abuse. The paper (1) describes the DD behavioral procedures that are available, (2) enumerates the properties of these procedures that are advantageous for the study of drug effects that cause drug abuse, (3) summarizes properties of DD procedures that are disadvantageou作者: 虛情假意 時(shí)間: 2025-3-24 08:34
Drug Discrimination: Methods of Manipulation, Measurement, and Analysisons serve as pharmacological stimuli which signal which of several operant responses will be reinforced. Drugs are thought to be discriminable on the basis of their sensory-perceptual effects, and tests for stimulus generalization determine whether other pharmacological treatments produce discrimina作者: Alopecia-Areata 時(shí)間: 2025-3-24 11:19 作者: 軍火 時(shí)間: 2025-3-24 18:03
Tests Involving Pressing for Intracranial Stimulation as an Early Procedure for Screening Likelihoodt is submitted that any drug that would increase activity in that system has a high risk of becoming the focus of an addiction. When an increase in activity of that system is a contingency of an act (such as imbibing, inhaling, snorting, or injecting), then that act will occur more and more frequent作者: 分貝 時(shí)間: 2025-3-24 22:57
ing interest in the use of image based learning activities in the standard curriculum. Much has been written in recent education literature about the necessity of giving equal attention to intuitive/holistic modes of processing information as well as rational/analytical modes. Brain and consciousnes作者: AWL 時(shí)間: 2025-3-25 01:52
Robert A. Yokellivan and R. D. Laing. To summarize briefly these theoretical underpinnings, we must remember that Sullivan proposed an interpersonal theory of personality development. He believed that if, in the first year of life, the infant experienced security--that is, acceptance, love, and warmth from the mot作者: Enthralling 時(shí)間: 2025-3-25 03:55 作者: ALIEN 時(shí)間: 2025-3-25 08:59
J. V. Brady,R. R. Griffiths,R. D. Hienz,N. A. Ator,S. E. Lukas,R. J. Lamb material configurations, constitutes an important roadblock towards the ultimate goal of materials by design. To overcome this barrier, one must devise schemes for the automatic and maximally informative selection of simulations. Such information acquisition decisions are task-dependent, in the sen作者: JIBE 時(shí)間: 2025-3-25 15:18
D. C. S. Roberts,K. A. Zitodifferential equations is reviewed and further developed in several ways. Multipliers are expressions whose (summed) product with a PDE (system) yields a local divergence identity which has the physical meaning of a continuity equation involving a conserved density and a spatial flux for solutions o作者: 預(yù)兆好 時(shí)間: 2025-3-25 19:53
Jonathan L. Katz,Steven R. Goldbergons. However, these models fail to account for random fluctuations due to demographic and environmental stochasticity which are experienced by all populations. I review some recent mathematical results about persistence and coexistence for models accounting for each of these forms of stochasticity. 作者: 奴才 時(shí)間: 2025-3-25 22:13
Roy A. Wisesystemic risk, this . acts as the medium through which financial contagion is propagated. It has been observed in real networks that such counterparty relationships exhibit ., meaning that a bank’s counterparties are more likely to have unlike characteristics. This paper introduces and studies a gen作者: Fracture 時(shí)間: 2025-3-26 03:39
Richard A. Meisch,Marilyn E. Carroll material configurations, constitutes an important roadblock towards the ultimate goal of materials by design. To overcome this barrier, one must devise schemes for the automatic and maximally informative selection of simulations. Such information acquisition decisions are task-dependent, in the sen作者: DEFER 時(shí)間: 2025-3-26 05:05 作者: Chagrin 時(shí)間: 2025-3-26 12:09
Michael A. Bozarthdifferential equations is reviewed and further developed in several ways. Multipliers are expressions whose (summed) product with a PDE (system) yields a local divergence identity which has the physical meaning of a continuity equation involving a conserved density and a spatial flux for solutions o作者: 拖債 時(shí)間: 2025-3-26 12:57
Tomoji Yanagitasystemic risk, this . acts as the medium through which financial contagion is propagated. It has been observed in real networks that such counterparty relationships exhibit ., meaning that a bank’s counterparties are more likely to have unlike characteristics. This paper introduces and studies a gen作者: UNT 時(shí)間: 2025-3-26 20:35
W. Marvin Davis,Stanley G. Smith, and proteoglycans. Morphologic and functional criteria permit a number of structural components to be defined, e.g., collagen fibrils, elastic fibers and membranes, microfibrils, and basement membranes, each of which consists of several different macromolecules. This matrix is synthesized and secr作者: 放氣 時(shí)間: 2025-3-26 21:41
Jane Stewart,Harriet de Wittherapeutic implications of decoding this disease fully justify the efforts to understand the subtle processes which may underlie atherogenesis. Present knowledge does not allow a comprehensive picture of the multiplicity of factors and the sequence of molecular and cellular events which lead to the作者: moratorium 時(shí)間: 2025-3-27 02:24
Derek van der Kooynol can be produced from plentiful, domestically available, renewable, cellulosic biomass. However, cellulosic biomass contains two major sugars, glucose and xylose, and a major obstacle in this process is that . yeasts, traditionally used and still the only microorganisms currently used for large s作者: 胰臟 時(shí)間: 2025-3-27 05:47 作者: RECUR 時(shí)間: 2025-3-27 10:36 作者: 旋轉(zhuǎn)一周 時(shí)間: 2025-3-27 14:25
Donald A. Overtonses such as Alzheimer’s disease could lead to memory deficits. However, there is yet no treatment method available. Direct deep-brain stimulation (DBS) of the hippocampus has been attempted in an effort to find a treatment method for memory dysfunction and Alzheimer’s disease in the last few decades作者: synovitis 時(shí)間: 2025-3-27 18:24 作者: 落葉劑 時(shí)間: 2025-3-27 22:14
Richard A. Glennon,Richard Youngses such as Alzheimer’s disease could lead to memory deficits. However, there is yet no treatment method available. Direct deep-brain stimulation (DBS) of the hippocampus has been attempted in an effort to find a treatment method for memory dysfunction and Alzheimer’s disease in the last few decades作者: 上下倒置 時(shí)間: 2025-3-28 05:29 作者: SHRIK 時(shí)間: 2025-3-28 09:47
978-1-4612-9163-3Springer-Verlag New York Inc. 1987作者: 不公開(kāi) 時(shí)間: 2025-3-28 13:38
http://image.papertrans.cn/m/image/632357.jpg作者: aqueduct 時(shí)間: 2025-3-28 17:01
Assessing Drugs for Abuse Liability and Dependence Potential in Laboratory Primates, discriminative, and eliciting properties of drugs as the basis for an effective technology to evaluate a broad range of pharmacological agents. Procedures and outcomes from extensive studies with primates assessing drug self-administration, drug discrimination, physiological dependence, and behavioral toxicity are described and discussed.作者: expeditious 時(shí)間: 2025-3-28 19:04 作者: STALL 時(shí)間: 2025-3-29 02:17 作者: 無(wú)王時(shí)期, 時(shí)間: 2025-3-29 04:09 作者: cloture 時(shí)間: 2025-3-29 09:38 作者: 詞匯 時(shí)間: 2025-3-29 12:45 作者: 無(wú)能性 時(shí)間: 2025-3-29 19:16 作者: 前奏曲 時(shí)間: 2025-3-29 23:19 作者: Foreshadow 時(shí)間: 2025-3-30 01:01 作者: Allowance 時(shí)間: 2025-3-30 04:27
Intracranial Self-Administration Procedures for the Assessment of Drug Reinforcemente discussed. Although intracranial self-administration potentially offers several advantages for the study of drug reinforcement, methodological difficulties have severely limited the routine application of this technique.作者: enfeeble 時(shí)間: 2025-3-30 08:14 作者: Carbon-Monoxide 時(shí)間: 2025-3-30 14:41 作者: 果仁 時(shí)間: 2025-3-30 19:20
Intravenous Drug Self-Administration: A Special Case of Positive Reinforcementd for drug reinforcement. Where satiety is delayed by many minutes after food reward, it is immediate with drug reinforcement. These differences must be taken into account when interpreting drug reinforcement studies; in particular, they have important implications for interpreting changes in response and hourly drug intake.作者: NEXUS 時(shí)間: 2025-3-30 22:44
Oral Self-Administration of Alcohol: A Valid Approach to the Study of Drug Self-Administration and Hcluded that the question under investigation is critical in determining the validity of any animal model and that the use of oral paradigms may be the most appropriate method to examine the question of alcohol self-administration.作者: V洗浴 時(shí)間: 2025-3-31 04:51
Anatomical and Neurochemical Substrates of Drug Reward Determined by the Conditioned Place Preferencnistration of drugs and by selective lesions of central dopaminergic pathways. Collectively, these data suggest that a mesotelencephalic dopamine system may serve as one important substrate for the rewarding effects of both psychostimulant and opiate drugs.作者: 彈藥 時(shí)間: 2025-3-31 06:40
The Study of Structure-Activity Relationships Using Drug Discrimination Methodologying examples from our own work, we attempt to demonstrate our approaches to the study of the SAR of tryptamine, phenylisopropylamine (amphetamine), and benzodiazepine derivatives using drug discrimination methodology.作者: discord 時(shí)間: 2025-3-31 10:44
Book 1987ent, some of the scientific conclusions derived from using these techniques are also presented. This edited collection offers a lasting framework for interpreting the results of current experimental findings.作者: BUCK 時(shí)間: 2025-3-31 16:22 作者: multiply 時(shí)間: 2025-3-31 18:06 作者: enlist 時(shí)間: 2025-4-1 00:13
Robert A. Yokelpersonality. Later developments reinforce this first-year self, as the developing personality learns ways to maintain the “me” it has come to believe it is. Sullivan called these behaviors, intended to protect and preserve the “me” and avoid disturbing the status quo, “security operations.” In effec作者: Water-Brash 時(shí)間: 2025-4-1 04:47 作者: altruism 時(shí)間: 2025-4-1 06:28 作者: 言行自由 時(shí)間: 2025-4-1 11:36
D. C. S. Roberts,K. A. Zitonal principle. From this viewpoint, the general multiplier method is shown to constitute a modern form of Noether’s theorem in which the variational principle is not directly used. When a PDE (system) is non-variational, multipliers are shown to be an adjoint counterpart to infinitesimal symmetries,作者: Inordinate 時(shí)間: 2025-4-1 18:24
Jonathan L. Katz,Steven R. Goldberghabitat sizes”, QSDs are shown to concentrate on the positive attractors of deterministic models. Moreover, the probability extinction decreases exponentially with habitat size. Alternatively, environmental stochasticity stems from fluctuations in environmental conditions which influence survival, g
