標(biāo)題: Titlebook: Mathematical Theory of Democracy; Andranik Tangian Book 2014 Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg 2014 Arrow‘s Paradox.Condorcet‘s Paradox.Re [打印本頁(yè)] 作者: Cleveland 時(shí)間: 2025-3-21 18:58
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書(shū)目名稱(chēng)Mathematical Theory of Democracy讀者反饋學(xué)科排名
作者: 運(yùn)動(dòng)的我 時(shí)間: 2025-3-21 22:34 作者: Haphazard 時(shí)間: 2025-3-22 00:36
Representative Democracyuling coalition. Moreover, the actual practice of coalition formation can further aggravate the low representativeness of the parliament. Thereby it is shown that representative democracy, as it is, guarantees no adequate representation of public opinion even in Germany with its multiparty system and strong social-democratic traditions.作者: 不連貫 時(shí)間: 2025-3-22 08:01 作者: hedonic 時(shí)間: 2025-3-22 11:47
1614-0311 a computational instead of an axiomatic approach, implying .The mathematical theory of democracy deals with selection of representatives who make decisions on behalf of the whole society. In this book, the notion of representativeness is operationalized with the index of popularity (the average per作者: Deceit 時(shí)間: 2025-3-22 14:47
Book 2014ion of representativeness is operationalized with the index of popularity (the average percentage of the population whose opinion is represented on a number of issues) and the index of universality (the frequency of cases when the opinion of a majority is represented). These indices are applied to e作者: Fraudulent 時(shí)間: 2025-3-22 21:05
Athenian Democracy and Solon in 621– 594 BC, and tyranny of Peisistratos and his sons in the 6th century BC, through to the full institutionalization of democracy by Cleisthenes in 508/7 BC, in the Golden Age under Ephialtes and Pericles in the middle of the 5th century BC, and its subsequent decline in the 4th centu作者: 聚集 時(shí)間: 2025-3-22 22:40
Echoes of Democracy in Ancient Romehich combines elements of monarchy, oligarchy and democracy. This chapter outlines the development of this theory and illustrates its implementation with an example of the Roman Republic (509 – ca. 30 BC). There, participation by the people was assumed to provide political stability and social cohes作者: 言行自由 時(shí)間: 2025-3-23 02:50
Revival of Democracy in Italian Medieval City-Republicson of Venetian and Florentine Republics are considered as most exemplary. Although the former had rather aristocratic and the latter oligarchical character, both assumed participation by the people — or a significant part thereof — in the form of assemblies and the election of magistrates. However, 作者: 天真 時(shí)間: 2025-3-23 09:37
Enlightenment and the End of Traditional Democracy, American and Polish Revolutions. At the same time, the Enlightenment left a historical puzzle. Although both of its leading political thinkers, Montesquieu and Rousseau, explicitly linked selection of magistrates by lot to democracy and election by vote to aristocracy, the post- Enlightenment demo作者: 山頂可休息 時(shí)間: 2025-3-23 10:47
Modernity and Schism in Understanding Democracyt. Although the founders of the new republican system explicitly contrasted it with democracy, the modern representative governments as practiced in industrialized countries today are commonly interpreted as democracies, primarily due to universal suffrage. This chapter describes the transformations作者: 過(guò)濾 時(shí)間: 2025-3-23 14:14
Direct Democracy. The democratic institutions are evaluated using indices of popularity (average percentage of the population represented on a number of issues), universality (frequency of cases when the majority opinion is represented) and goodness (average of the group-represented-to-majority ratio). The indices 作者: essential-fats 時(shí)間: 2025-3-23 21:46
Dictatorship and Democracyrbitrarily changing social situation. In its original formulation, the model implies the existence of a dictator, or, an individual whose preference always coincides with that of the society. Using the indices of popularity and universality introduced, it is shown that there are always ‘good’ Arrow’作者: sulcus 時(shí)間: 2025-3-24 01:55
Representative Democracyare analyzed from the viewpoint of direct democracy. For this purpose, the parties’ positions on over 30 policy issues are compared with the results of public opinion polls. The outcomes are summarized in the party and coalition indices of popularity (the average percentage of the population represe作者: resistant 時(shí)間: 2025-3-24 03:50
Statistically Testing the Representative Capacity (coalition) positions on several policy issues, such as ‘Introduce nationwide minimum wage’ (Yes/No), ‘Privatize railways’ (Yes/No), etc., match up with the prevailing public opinion on these issues. If the issues are few and the candidates are numerous, then even a perfect match says little about 作者: 金哥占卜者 時(shí)間: 2025-3-24 08:55
Concluding Discussion: Bridging Representative and Direct Democraciesruly . if the elected actually . the public interest. However, electoral campaigns, especially under audience democracy, manipulate public opinion, resulting in a low representativeness of the government elected. To improve the situation, an alternative election procedure is imagined, which redirect作者: STYX 時(shí)間: 2025-3-24 12:57
Simple Applications convergence of the Borda and Condorcet counts as the size of the electorate increases. This application is aimed at planning a public opinion poll for ranking several options (like the candidates for election) with no cyclic majorities. Three other applications are based on formulas from Theorems 6作者: 硬化 時(shí)間: 2025-3-24 18:53 作者: Nuance 時(shí)間: 2025-3-24 19:00
Application to Stock Exchange Predictionstatives’ are necessarily human, so some objects can represent the behavior of other objects. This idea is applied to the major American and German stocks with which the Dow Jones and DAX indices are computed. For this purpose the price fluctuations of the Dow Jones stocks are regarded as representat作者: ALOFT 時(shí)間: 2025-3-25 00:32 作者: Coterminous 時(shí)間: 2025-3-25 06:51
Andranik Tangianudes supplementary material: .Schmerz stellt ein Bio-Psycho-Soziales System dar. Im Sinne einer ganzheitlichen Therapie wird auch von einer interdisziplin?ren Schmerztherapie gesprochen. Vor allem Patienten mit chronischen Schmerzen m?chten neben der klassischen Schulmedizin auch zunehmend über alte作者: 貧困 時(shí)間: 2025-3-25 10:21
Andranik Tangian koronare Herzkrankheit, die Zerebralsklerose, die periphere Verschlu?krankheit, die vaskul?r bedingte Niereninsuffizienz und das Aortenaneurysma. Eine Reihe von Risikofaktoren für die Entwicklung einer Arteriosklerose sind inzwischen aufgedeckt worden; man kann sie in sog. unbeeinflu?bare und beein作者: 佛刊 時(shí)間: 2025-3-25 12:19 作者: Altitude 時(shí)間: 2025-3-25 18:49
Andranik Tangianzu erkl?ren, welche uns in MIBUK immer wieder begegnen werden. Diese Grundbegriffe kreisen um das Pflegeverst?ndnis, welches einer verstehenden Pflege entsprechen sollte. Dies wiederum beinhaltet eine forschende, neugierige Haltung gegenüber dem herausfordernden Verhalten eines Bewohners oder einer 作者: 拋棄的貨物 時(shí)間: 2025-3-25 22:23 作者: 奇思怪想 時(shí)間: 2025-3-26 03:18 作者: AROMA 時(shí)間: 2025-3-26 06:11 作者: 捕鯨魚(yú)叉 時(shí)間: 2025-3-26 11:05
Andranik Tangian) betr?gt 3,42, jenes von α-Al.O. 3,99 (Gmelin.). Tats?chlich wurde aber das spezifische Gewicht von isolierten Eloxalfilmen stets wesentlich niedriger gefunden, was nicht nur auf den Gehalt von Aluminiumhydroxyd, sondern auch auf die Porosit?t der Schichten zurückzuführen ist. In 0,2%iger Boraxl?su作者: Root494 時(shí)間: 2025-3-26 13:25 作者: 專(zhuān)心 時(shí)間: 2025-3-26 20:50
978-3-642-43480-8Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg 2014作者: Unsaturated-Fat 時(shí)間: 2025-3-26 21:53
Mathematical Theory of Democracy978-3-642-38724-1Series ISSN 1614-0311 Series E-ISSN 2197-8530 作者: Mechanics 時(shí)間: 2025-3-27 01:24
Andranik TangianOffers a historical outline with an alternative view at social choice, including a revision of the paradoxes of Condorcet and Arrow.Presents a computational instead of an axiomatic approach, implying 作者: frivolous 時(shí)間: 2025-3-27 06:12
Studies in Choice and Welfarehttp://image.papertrans.cn/m/image/626637.jpg作者: magnanimity 時(shí)間: 2025-3-27 12:47
https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-38724-1Arrow‘s Paradox; Condorcet‘s Paradox; Representative Democracy; Representativeness; Social Choice作者: NAIVE 時(shí)間: 2025-3-27 16:12 作者: 遠(yuǎn)地點(diǎn) 時(shí)間: 2025-3-27 18:38
Andranik Tangianktor zu sein, w?hrend für die Koronarsklerose die Hypercholesterin?mie und für die periphere Verschlu?krankheit das Rauchen von gr??ter Bedeutung sind. Als weitere Risikofaktoren von nachgeordneter Bedeutung werden heute noch ein Hyperinsulinismus, ein Mangel an HDL-Cholesterin, eine Steigerung an L作者: pulse-pressure 時(shí)間: 2025-3-28 00:42 作者: 腐蝕 時(shí)間: 2025-3-28 05:37
Andranik Tangiann wir, im Rahmen der fallorientierten Arbeit jene nichtmedikament?sen Therapieformen im Team festzulegen, welche dann gemeinsam geplant und umgesetzt werden. Unsere Hypothesen werden überprüft. Im Rahmen dieses Prozesses suchen wir nach Best?tigungen für unsere Annahmen, welche wir letztendlich in F作者: 惡名聲 時(shí)間: 2025-3-28 07:38
n wir, im Rahmen der fallorientierten Arbeit jene nichtmedikament?sen Therapieformen im Team festzulegen, welche dann gemeinsam geplant und umgesetzt werden. Unsere Hypothesen werden überprüft. Im Rahmen dieses Prozesses suchen wir nach Best?tigungen für unsere Annahmen, welche wir letztendlich in F作者: arbiter 時(shí)間: 2025-3-28 10:34 作者: grounded 時(shí)間: 2025-3-28 17:23
Andranik Tangiancht in Elektrolyten mit organischen Zus?tzen gr??er als ohne Zus?tze (2,64 bzw. 2,57 nach 20 Minuten und 2,54 bzw. 2,43 nach 45 Minuten Oxydationsdauer). Auf der Aluminiumlegierung Al-Cu-Mg wurden durchgehends geringere Raumgewichte als auf Reinaluminium festgestellt (nach 20 Minuten 2,64 bzw. 2,40 作者: 騷擾 時(shí)間: 2025-3-28 18:47
Athenian Democracyent are illustrated by the views of Thucydides, Pericles, Plato, and Aristotle. Finally, we describe Aristotle’s mathematical model (though textually expressed) that explains the principle of decision making in a democracy, an oligarchy and a mixed state, which combines elements of them both.作者: GEST 時(shí)間: 2025-3-29 01:14 作者: integral 時(shí)間: 2025-3-29 03:44
Enlightenment and the End of Traditional Democracytheir influence on the electoral studies of French mathematicians Borda, Condorcet and Laplace, who attempted to adapt elections to democracy, which, unlike aristocracy, assumes no commonality of values among voters. Extending the voting problem to a heterogeneous electorate resulted in intuitive an作者: Common-Migraine 時(shí)間: 2025-3-29 09:56
Modernity and Schism in Understanding Democracynturies in simple situations, is not appropriate as a universal tool of democratic decision making. In 1951, Arrow’s Impossibility Theorem established that egalitarian, majority-based democracy has its limits; beyond these limits, only a hierarchy headed with a ‘first man’ can operate as its extensi作者: 搜尋 時(shí)間: 2025-3-29 14:32 作者: Carcinogen 時(shí)間: 2025-3-29 19:16
Dictatorship and Democracychies, fall into ‘bad’ and ‘good’ types, it is their selection that makes the system dictatorial or democratic. We conclude that the inevitability of a strong ‘first man’ is, per se, not dangerous for democracy. The danger arises when the circumstances change significantly (e.g., if the rulers hold 作者: 搏斗 時(shí)間: 2025-3-29 23:35
Concluding Discussion: Bridging Representative and Direct Democraciesementing the idea of public determination. In contrast to voting based on individual choices, the candidates receive no votes. The embedded referendum on a sample of issues serves as a direct democracy (statistical) test of the candidates, thereby introducing to election random ‘democratic’ elements作者: MOCK 時(shí)間: 2025-3-30 02:32
Simple Applicationsa instead of considering all available information. This is explained by the analogy between selections of criteria and representative bodies that make adequate decisions on behalf of the whole society. In particular, it is concluded that complex problems can often be analyzed with small models, and作者: airborne 時(shí)間: 2025-3-30 04:50 作者: 猛烈責(zé)罵 時(shí)間: 2025-3-30 08:20
Application to Stock Exchange Predictions their potential to be used as predictors. For single stocks, the P-values are derived analytically; for the parliaments they are obtained by Monte Carlo simulation with 1000 experiments. The predictive capacity of the totality of Dow Jones stocks is also evaluated and statistically tested.作者: 結(jié)束 時(shí)間: 2025-3-30 13:04
Application to Traffic Controlhe predictive capacity of single forecasters and small groups thereof arranged in parliaments is statistically tested. It is shown that just a few appropriately selected intersections are sufficient to make reliable predictions.作者: 萬(wàn)靈丹 時(shí)間: 2025-3-30 18:25 作者: 深陷 時(shí)間: 2025-3-30 22:25
