標題: Titlebook: Lectures on Structure and Significance of Science; H. Mohr Textbook 1977 Springer-Verlag 1977 Significance of Science.Structure.biology.ev [打印本頁] 作者: 討論小組 時間: 2025-3-21 18:18
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作者: 最初 時間: 2025-3-22 00:06
The Structure of Teleological Action,al-aimed, . action and free will is in fact a legitimate topic of biology. Moreover, it is probable that some kind of teleological action occurs in the animal kingdom as well, at least with some higher mammals.作者: 朝圣者 時間: 2025-3-22 04:24 作者: inundate 時間: 2025-3-22 05:07
Science and Values,ature. Values guide our decisions in goal-setting, the selection of means to reach the goal, and the assessment of risks and undesired side effects. It is our value system that determines the way we plan, act, perform, and regret. In particular, it is decision-making of any kind that is inevitably connected to a value system.作者: corporate 時間: 2025-3-22 08:48 作者: 巡回 時間: 2025-3-22 14:39
The Scientific Approach (3): Laws, Prediction, Explanation,described the significance of objective data and the close connection between inductive and deductive steps in the construction and defense of theories (Fig. 1). We now consider the term “l(fā)aw” and its meaning.作者: 遺忘 時間: 2025-3-22 20:54 作者: 喃喃訴苦 時間: 2025-3-22 23:18
Physics and Biology: The Problem of Reduction,arly the structure of and the relationship between the different fields, the future of science will be determined by prejudice and incidental experience of the members of legislatures, granting agencies, and governmental administrations. This implies a great risk.作者: pulmonary 時間: 2025-3-23 01:23
The Ethics of Science,nities to obtain genuine objective knowledge. As pointed out in the previous lecture, at least the intrinsic values of science must be shared by all members of the global scientific community. Otherwise science would not be a global cultural force.作者: antedate 時間: 2025-3-23 09:03 作者: 燈絲 時間: 2025-3-23 11:03 作者: 柱廊 時間: 2025-3-23 15:49 作者: 領(lǐng)巾 時間: 2025-3-23 20:17 作者: 食料 時間: 2025-3-23 23:03
H. Mohrdance with various imposed constraints. It covers a wide range of ideas and because of its fundamental nature it has applications throughout mathematics. Among the well-established areas of combinatorics may now be included the studies of graphs and networks, block designs, games, transversals, and 作者: 認為 時間: 2025-3-24 02:23 作者: 聽覺 時間: 2025-3-24 08:28 作者: 尊敬 時間: 2025-3-24 13:42
H. Mohrecute it. There were two main areas of policy — external relations with other countries which are the province of this chapter and Chapters 4, 5, 8, 9 and 10, and internal production policy, the province of Chapters 6 and 7. The two areas are interconnected: production policy influenced, and was inf作者: 付出 時間: 2025-3-24 16:47 作者: Sputum 時間: 2025-3-24 20:11
H. Mohrrgy project — the period to which the participants would always look back nostalgically — was almost over. Despite shortcomings in the machinery of government, and shortages, crises and difficulties of every kind, the programme was coming along almost exactly to time. The uranium metal plant was wor作者: Migratory 時間: 2025-3-25 00:50
H. Mohrt face to face with the hazards of such an undertaking.... Because of the dangers, some of the scientists doubted whether the programme could or should be prosecuted.’ In Britain practically no one seems to have doubted whether the British post-war project should be undertaken, despite General Grove作者: 我沒有命令 時間: 2025-3-25 04:14
H. Mohrtain and Atomic Energy 1939-1945 , and covers the years from 1945 to the first British bomb test at the end of 1952. Volume 1 studies policy making at the highest levels - the strategic, political and international considerations, the administrative and constitutional machinery. It shows how and why作者: CRACY 時間: 2025-3-25 08:36 作者: Ondines-curse 時間: 2025-3-25 13:05
H. Mohrthe United States team at their ‘Crossroads’ trials at Bikini in 1946; he began to think early about the necessary preparations for a British test. In terms of economy of effort and resources, there was a clear case for co-operation with the Americans. One of the requests put forward by Britain in t作者: 碎石 時間: 2025-3-25 16:57
Prologue Science and Responsibility,pothesis, and I pointed out that there are no data known at present that do not agree with the hypothesis. In other words, I tried to follow carefully the established manner of dealing with a scientific problem. This time I shall not discuss a scientific problem, but I wish to consider certain aspec作者: 有發(fā)明天才 時間: 2025-3-25 23:18
The Scientific Approach (1): Terminology and Language,we expect normative insights? Or will our effort lead at best to a post factum formal reconstruction of the scientific way of thinking? Can we become more conscious, more reliable, and thus better and even more successful scientists? Or is it only that we try to make explicit what every experienced 作者: lactic 時間: 2025-3-26 03:28
The Scientific Approach (2): Data, Hypotheses, and Theories,gements, statements, data, facts),. which are based on observation (or, in more general terms, justified by empiricism). A statement is true if it refers to an existing state of affairs in the real world; a statement is false if the state of affairs to which it refers does not exist. Every unambiguo作者: 鼓掌 時間: 2025-3-26 05:07 作者: 是突襲 時間: 2025-3-26 10:09
The Principle of Causality,w or even a conditio sine qua non of science (1). I will describe mainly the structure of the principle of causality as it is presently used in physiology, i.e., in . research, which aims at the . explanation of an event. Since the structure of causal research is often misunderstood even by experien作者: cardiovascular 時間: 2025-3-26 16:36
The Structure of Teleological Action,purposeful, and deliberate action, is outside the realm of science. This objection is . justified. Since man is a biological species, discussion of goal-aimed, . action and free will is in fact a legitimate topic of biology. Moreover, it is probable that some kind of teleological action occurs in th作者: Hearten 時間: 2025-3-26 17:54
Physics and Biology: The Problem of Reduction, The competition between the different fields of science will become stronger. Some fields will disappear completely. Departments will be closed. Under these circumstances, a fair comparison of the logical status of competing disciplines becomes crucial. If scientists are not willing to describe cle作者: 蹣跚 時間: 2025-3-26 23:52 作者: NOMAD 時間: 2025-3-27 01:47
Tradition and Progress in Science: The Notion of Paradigms,ific community is commonly regarded as the internationale of fellow professionals who scrutinize each other’s work, correct it, and carry it on. This latter point implies “tradition,” in practical terms, the instrumental, intellectual, and moral training of the student as part of his preparation for作者: cataract 時間: 2025-3-27 06:09
The Ethics of Science,over, we have emphasized that scientific knowledge in a strict sense is “public knowledge.” It is knowledge shared by the competent members of a scientific community. In this lecture I want to investigate the normative prerequisites, the intrinsic values of science, which enable the scientific commu作者: Insatiable 時間: 2025-3-27 09:44
Science and Values,of an interest, a need, natural or cultural, an expectation or a subconscious drive. Our value system is thus tied up with the very essence of human nature. Values guide our decisions in goal-setting, the selection of means to reach the goal, and the assessment of risks and undesired side effects. I作者: 賞錢 時間: 2025-3-27 15:46 作者: MAZE 時間: 2025-3-27 21:47
In doing so, new ways of conceptualizing transoceanic feminism are presented, going beyond the binary understanding of Western and Indian models of gender. By giving agency to imagined characters and contexts, the literature assumes a subversive voice and becomes a causal agent for change.作者: 蛛絲 時間: 2025-3-27 23:08
H. Mohrr .) to provide a critical analysis of two women’s life stories on motherhood and childhood experiences on the indentured plantations. The study demonstrates that within these subaltern narratives, the women resist the hegemonic “veil of dishonour” via positionings of women as mothers vis-a-vis othe作者: hidebound 時間: 2025-3-28 02:35 作者: Friction 時間: 2025-3-28 06:52
H. Mohrith applications and illuminating sidelights in a wide variety of combinatorial situations. The study of combinatorics in general, and independence theory in particular, accounts for a considerable amount of space in the mathematical journais. For the most part, however, the books on abstract independence so 978-0-412-22430-0978-94-009-5900-2作者: 催眠藥 時間: 2025-3-28 14:27
H. Mohrower, the problems of health and safety, secrecy and security, the relationship between government and private industry. Above all it gives a ‘nuts and bolts‘ description of the work of the scientists and engineers in carrying out - with great success - a complex technological project operating on the furthes978-1-349-15526-2作者: DAMN 時間: 2025-3-28 16:38
H. Mohrout the bomb design and bomb mechanics. The first military stage of the project was almost complete and the Government had simply to wait for the programme to reach its terrifying pyrotechnic culmination. Much thought had already been given to the possibilities of nuclear power.作者: decipher 時間: 2025-3-28 21:57 作者: OGLE 時間: 2025-3-28 23:07 作者: BLANK 時間: 2025-3-29 06:36 作者: 雪崩 時間: 2025-3-29 07:45
H. Mohr hazard, while the American enterprise had demonstrated that apparently the dangers were manageable. Thus health and safety considerations were not a decisive factor in the prime decision to have an atomic energy project, though they loomed large in subsequent important decisions on siting the piles作者: 甜食 時間: 2025-3-29 13:39 作者: Capture 時間: 2025-3-29 16:17 作者: 抱狗不敢前 時間: 2025-3-29 21:40 作者: inhibit 時間: 2025-3-30 01:08 作者: parasite 時間: 2025-3-30 06:35
Overview: 978-3-642-45498-1978-3-642-45496-7作者: 托人看管 時間: 2025-3-30 11:45 作者: inhibit 時間: 2025-3-30 13:32
Physiology and Comparative Biology,explanations of biological events; that of comparative biology is functional or teleological explanations of biological structures, processes, and molecules. The two areas of biology are complementary rather than competitive or mutually exclusive.作者: GROWL 時間: 2025-3-30 18:19
The Motivation of Science,It is obvious that this problem has two different aspects: (1) the motivation of society to support science and (2) the motivation of individuals to become members of the scientific community. The first aspect must be understood before the second aspect can be envisaged (1).作者: 變化 時間: 2025-3-30 21:33
Science and Technology,Genuine scientific knowledge is the most important means of teleological action in the modern world (see Fig. 11). Teleological action is the essence of human culture. Is it fair to blame science for the . of use, often an unwise and destructive use, of our knowledge in the context of teleological action? The philosopher . (1) writes:作者: atopic 時間: 2025-3-31 01:56
