標(biāo)題: Titlebook: Language Testing and Assessment; Elana Shohamy,Iair G. Or,Stephen May Living reference work 20200th edition [打印本頁(yè)] 作者: HEMI 時(shí)間: 2025-3-21 16:25
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書目名稱Language Testing and Assessment讀者反饋
書目名稱Language Testing and Assessment讀者反饋學(xué)科排名
作者: –DOX 時(shí)間: 2025-3-21 20:43
Luis E. Poza,Guadalupe Valdéscode-division multiple-access (DS/CDMA) system over the additive white Gaussian noise (AWGN) channel. Although the optimum receiver for multi-user detection is superior to the conventional matched filter receiver when the relative powers of the interfering signals are large, the optimum receiver obt作者: Vertebra 時(shí)間: 2025-3-22 01:56 作者: Fermentation 時(shí)間: 2025-3-22 07:49
Alexis A. Lopez,Sultan Turkan,Danielle Guzman-Orthcode-division multiple-access (DS/CDMA) system over the additive white Gaussian noise (AWGN) channel. Although the optimum receiver for multi-user detection is superior to the conventional matched filter receiver when the relative powers of the interfering signals are large, the optimum receiver obt作者: 博識(shí) 時(shí)間: 2025-3-22 09:27 作者: Interdict 時(shí)間: 2025-3-22 15:07 作者: 不適當(dāng) 時(shí)間: 2025-3-22 18:17 作者: Mettle 時(shí)間: 2025-3-22 23:10
Eunice Eunhee Jangrning, or driving our car to work, we interact with integrated circuits. The increasing spread of information technology in virtually all areas of life in the industrialized world offers a broad range of attack vectors. So far, mainly software-based attacks have been considered and investigated, whi作者: Banister 時(shí)間: 2025-3-23 02:35 作者: 基因組 時(shí)間: 2025-3-23 06:27 作者: geriatrician 時(shí)間: 2025-3-23 12:07 作者: 排他 時(shí)間: 2025-3-23 16:21 作者: OMIT 時(shí)間: 2025-3-23 21:28 作者: 混合物 時(shí)間: 2025-3-24 02:02
Kate Menkenes have a limited capability of addressing both vulnerabilities. Split manufacturing is designed to stop IP piracy and IC cloning, but it cannot deal with untargeted hardware Trojan insertion. Also, there are significant overheads involved with getting the highest level of protection from split manu作者: 好忠告人 時(shí)間: 2025-3-24 06:18 作者: 里程碑 時(shí)間: 2025-3-24 10:05
Catherine Elder(IP) protection against piracy and tampering attacks. The state space obfuscation is achieved by transforming a given hardware design through judicious modification of the state transition function and insertion of special logic structures at well-chosen locations inside a design. Such modifications作者: 反復(fù)無(wú)常 時(shí)間: 2025-3-24 11:33 作者: MELD 時(shí)間: 2025-3-24 16:17
Rachel L. Brooks(IP) protection against piracy and tampering attacks. The state space obfuscation is achieved by transforming a given hardware design through judicious modification of the state transition function and insertion of special logic structures at well-chosen locations inside a design. Such modifications作者: Costume 時(shí)間: 2025-3-24 22:31
Ofra Inbar-LourieIP), the overuse of IPs in system-on-chips (SoCs), and the overproduction of integrated circuits (ICs). In the previous chapters, various obfuscation approaches based on keys were introduced to prevent these attacks. Such approaches require a confidential and secure method for communicating and stor作者: 無(wú)情 時(shí)間: 2025-3-24 23:22 作者: 做作 時(shí)間: 2025-3-25 04:50 作者: Diluge 時(shí)間: 2025-3-25 11:15
Assessing English Language Proficiency in the United States,changes for the education of students classified as English language learners, including greater attention to achievement and equity through mandated evaluation and reporting on the part of districts and states of student subgroups. This feature of the ESEA reauthorization and the role of high-stake作者: 積習(xí)已深 時(shí)間: 2025-3-25 13:01
Assessing Meaning,variegated meanings in a wide range of language use contexts. It stands to reason then that meaning and meaning conveyance should play a central role in L2 assessment. Instead, since the 1980s, language testers have focused almost exclusively on functional proficiency (the conveyance of functional m作者: PANG 時(shí)間: 2025-3-25 18:37 作者: Assemble 時(shí)間: 2025-3-25 23:35
Assessing Second/Additional Language of Diverse Populations,ithin a national context where their second/additional language is the predominant majority language or an important auxiliary language in the society. Then we look at other contexts where bi/multilingualism is strongly encouraged (e.g., in countries within the European Union) and second/additional 作者: 匍匐 時(shí)間: 2025-3-26 00:53
,Assessing Students’ Content Knowledge and Language Proficiency,nguage has typically been considered a source of construct-irrelevant variance. From the perspective of language assessment, content has also been considered a potential source of construct-irrelevant variance. However, regardless of the purpose for assessment, both content knowledge and language pr作者: Asseverate 時(shí)間: 2025-3-26 07:15 作者: 新奇 時(shí)間: 2025-3-26 08:59
Cognitive Aspects of Language Assessment, structuring information for conceptual and procedural understandings necessary for successful assessment task completion. The quality of these inferences is subject to the extent to which tasks used to elicit mental processes are successfully performed. It is equally critical that the observed ment作者: Chivalrous 時(shí)間: 2025-3-26 15:50
Criteria for Evaluating Language Quality,lishment of a scale with benchmark samples and tasks has been replicated through Thorndike (1912) and into the present day. The tension between assessing observable attributes in performance and underlying constructs that makes performance possible is as real today as in the past. The debate impacts作者: Flat-Feet 時(shí)間: 2025-3-26 18:49
Critical Language Testing,e topic gained attention by various scholars and particularly Messick (., .), who argued for expanding the definition of construct validity as a criterion for evaluating the quality of tests, to include components related to tests use, such as values, impact, and consequences. CLT emerged from the r作者: 慢慢流出 時(shí)間: 2025-3-27 00:50 作者: 描繪 時(shí)間: 2025-3-27 04:11
Dynamic Assessment,herent part of all assessment regardless of purpose or context. This position follows from the theoretical basis of DA in the writings of Russian psychologist L. S. Vygotsky and in particular his proposal of the zone of proximal development. Positing that independent functioning indicates only abili作者: 察覺 時(shí)間: 2025-3-27 07:28 作者: 地牢 時(shí)間: 2025-3-27 10:04
High-Stakes Tests as De Facto Language Education Policies,. Tests now hold extremely important consequences for students, teachers, schools, and entire school systems. Because the stakes of current tests are so high, they guide a wide range of educational choices, including curricula, materials, pedagogy, teacher preparation, educational programming, and l作者: 易改變 時(shí)間: 2025-3-27 17:05 作者: garrulous 時(shí)間: 2025-3-27 19:27
Language Assessment in Higher Education,ation environment. It considers validity issues surrounding the design and use of the tests used for (i) establishing minimum English entry requirements, (ii) identifying language support needs postentry and/or making English course placement decisions, (iii) establishing readiness to teach academic作者: 無(wú)表情 時(shí)間: 2025-3-28 00:00 作者: 橫條 時(shí)間: 2025-3-28 02:28
Language Assessment in the US Government,guage Roundtable (ILR) Skill Level Descriptions, the US government has developed and administered tests not only in proficiency skills (listening, reading, speaking, writing) but led the way in performance testing (translation, audio translation, and interpretation) and intercultural competence. The作者: Osteoporosis 時(shí)間: 2025-3-28 08:43
Language Assessment Literacy,aster in order to perform assessment tasks. The need for defining a literacy framework in language assessment has arisen following acknowledgment of teachers’ assessment needs as well as the increase in the number of stakeholders from different disciplines involved in language assessment activities 作者: 啞巴 時(shí)間: 2025-3-28 11:55 作者: aspersion 時(shí)間: 2025-3-28 15:28
coverage of language and education.Special emphasis on langu.In this third, fully revised edition, the 10 volume Encyclopedia of Language and Education offers the newest developments, including an entirely new volume of research and scholarly content, essential to the field of language teaching and 作者: BRUNT 時(shí)間: 2025-3-28 20:38
Living reference work 20200th editionvolume of research and scholarly content, essential to the field of language teaching and learning in the age of globalization. In the selection of topics and contributors, the Encyclopedia reflects the depth of disciplinary knowledge, breadth of interdisciplinary perspective, and diversity of socio作者: ITCH 時(shí)間: 2025-3-29 01:56
,Assessing Students’ Content Knowledge and Language Proficiency,sidered a potential source of construct-irrelevant variance. However, regardless of the purpose for assessment, both content knowledge and language proficiency are engaged to some extent. This chapter explores how the relationship between these two constructs has been conceptualized in the field of language assessment.作者: 美色花錢 時(shí)間: 2025-3-29 06:39
Assessing the Language of Young Learners,e development, accounting for the intersection of language and content learning, the professional development of teachers around language learning and assessment, and further innovations with technology.作者: 過(guò)于光澤 時(shí)間: 2025-3-29 09:06 作者: 不能根除 時(shí)間: 2025-3-29 15:20 作者: synovial-joint 時(shí)間: 2025-3-29 15:56 作者: obviate 時(shí)間: 2025-3-29 20:31
Jennifer Jenkins,Constant Leungthat exploits the code analysis support from electronic design automation (EDA) tools. Furthermore, this chapter extends the idea of design obfuscation for two-dimensional IC to emerging three-dimensional (3D) IC design technology. The proposed method is based on the insertion of a Network-on-Chip (作者: 亂砍 時(shí)間: 2025-3-30 01:14 作者: spondylosis 時(shí)間: 2025-3-30 06:28 作者: 全神貫注于 時(shí)間: 2025-3-30 09:08 作者: 濃縮 時(shí)間: 2025-3-30 13:21 作者: Entropion 時(shí)間: 2025-3-30 17:24
Lorena Llosaddition, a divider that computes an approximate result has been added and further reduces the overall complexity of the circuit. The structure has been designed and simulated by using the . technology. We obtained a chip of 7 mm. for the core logic, and an external 10 Kbytes memory containing the ou作者: Synapse 時(shí)間: 2025-3-30 21:01 作者: 斗志 時(shí)間: 2025-3-31 02:10
Glenn Fulcher. This work deals with the ways in which such hidden, non-specified functionality can be introducedinto hardware systems. After briefly outlining the development and production process of hardware systems, we systematically describe a new type of threat, the hardware Trojan. We provide a historical 作者: 錯(cuò)誤 時(shí)間: 2025-3-31 09:04
Elana Shohamy. This work deals with the ways in which such hidden, non-specified functionality can be introducedinto hardware systems. After briefly outlining the development and production process of hardware systems, we systematically describe a new type of threat, the hardware Trojan. We provide a historical 作者: 一小塊 時(shí)間: 2025-3-31 12:05
Alan Daviesthe form of a sequence of input vectors. We also extend the proposed obfuscation concept to make a given design more robust against hardware Trojan horse (HTH) insertion, thereby increasing the detectability of inserted HTH instances, while incurring low hardware and performance overheads. We presen作者: gastritis 時(shí)間: 2025-3-31 13:45
Kate Menkencated BISA (OBISA). In this chapter, the reader can expect to learn: (1) backgrounds on BISA as well as its existing problems and weakness; (2) two separate approaches for OBISA, based on the trade-offs between security and computational/fabrication costs involved; (3) implementation flow for both a作者: Limpid 時(shí)間: 2025-3-31 20:32 作者: 松軟 時(shí)間: 2025-3-31 21:57
Catherine Elderthe form of a sequence of input vectors. We also extend the proposed obfuscation concept to make a given design more robust against hardware Trojan horse (HTH) insertion, thereby increasing the detectability of inserted HTH instances, while incurring low hardware and performance overheads. We presen作者: 亂砍 時(shí)間: 2025-4-1 03:23
Rachel L. Brooksthe form of a sequence of input vectors. We also extend the proposed obfuscation concept to make a given design more robust against hardware Trojan horse (HTH) insertion, thereby increasing the detectability of inserted HTH instances, while incurring low hardware and performance overheads. We presen作者: 后退 時(shí)間: 2025-4-1 07:47
Ofra Inbar-Louriedard can encrypt IPs and manage the chip unlock keys for IPs; and . an IP digest that prevents untrusted entities from tampering with encrypted IPs. Note that the secure key management techniques discussed in this chapter focus on obfuscated and encrypted designs; however, they are equally applicabl作者: Gene408 時(shí)間: 2025-4-1 11:42
Xiaoming Xi,Yasuyo Sawakir the end-user. Unlike the enormous advances in functional testing and verification of the SoC architecture, security verification is still on the rise, and little endeavor has been carried out by academia and industry. Unfortunately, there exists a huge gap between the modernization of the SoC arch作者: Delectable 時(shí)間: 2025-4-1 15:57 作者: 腐蝕 時(shí)間: 2025-4-1 20:03
