標題: Titlebook: How Nature Works; the science of self- Per Bak Book 1996 Springer Science+Business Media New York 1996 Natur.complex system.complex systems [打印本頁] 作者: minuscule 時間: 2025-3-21 17:41
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作者: BAIT 時間: 2025-3-21 22:48
http://image.papertrans.cn/h/image/428662.jpg作者: TOM 時間: 2025-3-22 03:43 作者: CALL 時間: 2025-3-22 07:33
The Sandpile Paradigm,had naturally organized itself into a . scale-free state with avalanches of all sizes and all durations. The statistics of the avalanches follow the Gutenberg-Richter power law. There were small events and large events following the same laws. We had discovered a simple model for complexity in nature.作者: 獸皮 時間: 2025-3-22 10:43 作者: Encumber 時間: 2025-3-22 15:09 作者: Detonate 時間: 2025-3-22 17:51
cknowledgments Self-organized criticality is a new way of viewing nature. The basic picture is one where nature is perpetually out of balance, but organized in a poised state-the critical state-where anything can happen within well-defined statistical laws. The aim of the science of self-organized c作者: Constant 時間: 2025-3-22 21:34 作者: Palter 時間: 2025-3-23 03:29 作者: 轉(zhuǎn)向 時間: 2025-3-23 09:16
Real Sandpiles and Landscape Formation,has no obligation to obey our ideas; our intuition could be entirely wrong. Theory has to be confronted eventually with real-world observations, so we study sandpiles and we ask, Do they or don’t they self-organize to the critical state?作者: pulmonary 時間: 2025-3-23 12:32
Earthquakes, Starquakes, and Solar Flares,irected toward trying to predict the few large catastrophic ones. Scientists have taken a very direct approach, formulating individual theories, or explanations, for individual earthquakes or earthquake zones; there has not been much effort directed toward a general understanding of the earthquake phenomenon.作者: condescend 時間: 2025-3-23 16:22 作者: 哎呦 時間: 2025-3-23 21:00
Book 1996t organized in a poised state-the critical state-where anything can happen within well-defined statistical laws. The aim of the science of self-organized criticality is to yield insight into the fundamental question of why nature is complex, not simple, as the laws of physics imply. Self-organized c作者: 去世 時間: 2025-3-23 23:57 作者: Custodian 時間: 2025-3-24 05:18 作者: 遍及 時間: 2025-3-24 07:17
On Economics and Traffic Jams, than other human activities. At least, the activities can be quantified and measured, in terms of prices, volumes, and velocities. That might be the reason that economics exists as a discipline independent of other social sciences.作者: seruting 時間: 2025-3-24 14:29 作者: Presbyopia 時間: 2025-3-24 18:41
The Discovery of Self-Organized Criticality,ns on the model showed how a system that obeys simple, benign local rules can organize itself into a poised state that evolves in terms of flashing, intermittent bursts rather than following a smooth path. We did not set out with the intention of studying sandpiles. As with many other discoveries in作者: Little 時間: 2025-3-24 21:26
The Sandpile Paradigm,had naturally organized itself into a . scale-free state with avalanches of all sizes and all durations. The statistics of the avalanches follow the Gutenberg-Richter power law. There were small events and large events following the same laws. We had discovered a simple model for complexity in natur作者: 預測 時間: 2025-3-25 00:59
Real Sandpiles and Landscape Formation,lf-organized criticality. If the theory that large dynamic systems organize themselves to a critical state cannot even explain sandpiles, then what can it explain? Our abstract model grossly oversimplifies real sand, but we still hope that our experiments live up to our predictions. However, nature 作者: 注射器 時間: 2025-3-25 03:23 作者: bronchodilator 時間: 2025-3-25 10:12
,The “Game of Life”: Complexity is Criticality,biological life. In the early days ofself-organized criticality, we did not think about biology at all; we had only inert dead matter in mind. However, this situation has radically changed. The story is one in three acts, to be told in the next three chapters, with more to follow. We have constructe作者: 整潔 時間: 2025-3-25 12:44 作者: Affection 時間: 2025-3-25 19:19
Mass Extinctions and Punctuated Equilibria in a Simple Model of Evolution,e expressed as mathematical equations relating to physical observable quantities, there are no Darwin’s equations describing biological evolution in the language of rigorous mathematics, as my colleague and friend Henrik Flyvbjerg once eloquently pointed out. Therefore, it is a highly important matt作者: 頑固 時間: 2025-3-25 23:07 作者: 高射炮 時間: 2025-3-26 03:59
The Brain, However, it is not necessarily so. We have seen that complex behavior can arise from models with a simple architecture through a process of self-organization. Perhaps the brain is also a fairly simple organ.作者: 諷刺 時間: 2025-3-26 07:31 作者: 乳白光 時間: 2025-3-26 09:08
mercialized and ultimately non-threatening reestablishment o.This collection of essays focuses on the representations of a variety of “bad girls”—women who challenge, refuse, or transgress the patriarchal limits intended to circumscribe them—in television, popular fiction, and mainstream film from t作者: transdermal 時間: 2025-3-26 14:29 作者: LEVY 時間: 2025-3-26 20:16 作者: Magnitude 時間: 2025-3-26 23:16
Per Bakhe walls come down? Or are we drowning in her red dress? The red skirts flow away from her small gesturing figure. She is the vortex and the siren, sitting on a twelve-foot high pedestal. Norico embodies the room and becomes the dress consuming the room and all beneath. One enters the “exhibit” by c作者: Palpable 時間: 2025-3-27 01:14
Per Bakbell tolling as night enveloped the valley. “Faster.” The mountain path was steep. Here and there massive roots leapt out of the darkness. She had to be careful not to trip. Branches tore at her arms and legs and tangled her hair. “Faster.” Her breath came out in short gasps, disappearing into a whi作者: gorgeous 時間: 2025-3-27 06:12
Per Bakrdinary people have when dealing with officials who deliver This book explains why the role of corruption varies greatly between public services, between people, between national systems of governance, and between measures of corruption. More than 1.8 billion people pay the price of bad government e作者: Abrade 時間: 2025-3-27 11:01 作者: incarcerate 時間: 2025-3-27 17:10 作者: cringe 時間: 2025-3-27 20:03
Per Bakyet such a recognition does not deny the power of art, though it admits that art can never be reduced to a rule or formula. It is something in excess of every rule or formula, even if it achieves this excess through the orchestration and arrangement of formulas in such a way as to bend or break a ru作者: 光滑 時間: 2025-3-27 23:07 作者: obsession 時間: 2025-3-28 04:05 作者: 裂隙 時間: 2025-3-28 09:36 作者: 縮減了 時間: 2025-3-28 13:06
Per Bakonsiderably. It is those attitudes that are explored in this collection. At the same time, these essays place feminist/postfeminist analysis in a largercontext, entering into ongoing debates about power, equality, sexuality, and gender..978-3-319-83693-5978-3-319-47259-1作者: Myocarditis 時間: 2025-3-28 16:30 作者: Pericarditis 時間: 2025-3-28 22:06
Per Bakke thunder and as it made its way up through her chest and inside her throat, her body grew warm. She threw her head back, squeezed her eyes shut, and opened her mouth to let it out. A long exhilarating laugh. Running wildly through the mountains, arms outstretched, mouth pulled wide in laughter, sh作者: Hot-Flash 時間: 2025-3-28 23:49
Per Bak, Asia, the Middle East, Europe, and North and South America. The authors avoid one-size-fits-all proposals for reform and instead provide measures that can be applied to particular public services to reduce or eliminate opportunities for corruption..978-3-319-92845-6978-3-319-92846-3Series ISSN 2947-5449 Series E-ISSN 2947-5457 作者: TOM 時間: 2025-3-29 03:30
Per Bak, Asia, the Middle East, Europe, and North and South America. The authors avoid one-size-fits-all proposals for reform and instead provide measures that can be applied to particular public services to reduce or eliminate opportunities for corruption..978-3-319-92845-6978-3-319-92846-3Series ISSN 2947-5449 Series E-ISSN 2947-5457 作者: 倒轉(zhuǎn) 時間: 2025-3-29 08:58
