作者: 完整 時(shí)間: 2025-3-21 21:36
Flock Dynamics: Patterns of Arrival and Departure,ding efficiency on the other, we should be able to predict the probability that a bird will join, remain in or leave any given flock. This should then allow us to predict the way particular flocks will build up. In other words, the dynamics of a feeding flock should be predictable from its effects on individual behaviour.作者: 圣歌 時(shí)間: 2025-3-22 01:36 作者: 較早 時(shí)間: 2025-3-22 04:59
Introduction: Questioning Apes,ed in a resume and summary, we feel that the results and interrelationships between chapters are sufficiently complex to merit a brief synthesis. The aim of this short, final chapter is to provide an overview of the study as a whole and to highlight some of its main conclusions.作者: 駁船 時(shí)間: 2025-3-22 11:33
Choosing What to Eat,ferent sizes and so on, making it easier or more difficult for birds to detect and capture them. Is there any way we can predict how (or, indeed, whether) birds should choose between the different types of worm they encounter?作者: itinerary 時(shí)間: 2025-3-22 14:55
Gulls and Plovers: an Overview,ed in a resume and summary, we feel that the results and interrelationships between chapters are sufficiently complex to merit a brief synthesis. The aim of this short, final chapter is to provide an overview of the study as a whole and to highlight some of its main conclusions.作者: itinerary 時(shí)間: 2025-3-22 20:50
Who Are ‘Good’ Morals/Ethics Good for?ding season to feed on soil and surface invertebrates. Lapwings form single-species flocks, but are joined regularly by golden plovers and gull species. In this chapter, we introduce the three species, discuss the importance of pastureland in their ecology and survival and describe the area in which our study took place.作者: 使熄滅 時(shí)間: 2025-3-22 22:08
https://doi.org/10.1057/9780230522435 we examine the factors which determine the distribution and composition of mixed-species charadriiform flocks around our study area and ask why certain feeding sites are occupied more regularly than others.作者: PLAYS 時(shí)間: 2025-3-23 04:08
Gulls and Plovers,ding season to feed on soil and surface invertebrates. Lapwings form single-species flocks, but are joined regularly by golden plovers and gull species. In this chapter, we introduce the three species, discuss the importance of pastureland in their ecology and survival and describe the area in which our study took place.作者: 大廳 時(shí)間: 2025-3-23 08:26 作者: 音樂學(xué)者 時(shí)間: 2025-3-23 13:14
Why Feed in Flocks, asked about the evolution of behaviour in any particular context: How many types of prey should a predator take? How many conspecifics should it associate with? How long should a male court a female before attempting to copulate? The answers are couched in terms of changes in the animal’s reproduct作者: 一再遛 時(shí)間: 2025-3-23 16:30
Choosing Where to Feed: Choice within Fields,ter in that area at any given time (e.g. Barnard 1980b). In the last chapter, we saw that gulls and plovers prefer to feed in old pasture, where earthworms are most abundant. Choice of field on the basis of worm availability is a response to patchiness at one level. As we have seen, however, differe作者: OCTO 時(shí)間: 2025-3-23 18:47 作者: 討好女人 時(shí)間: 2025-3-23 22:52 作者: Dendritic-Cells 時(shí)間: 2025-3-24 05:20 作者: LASH 時(shí)間: 2025-3-24 06:36
https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-98669-2ter in that area at any given time (e.g. Barnard 1980b). In the last chapter, we saw that gulls and plovers prefer to feed in old pasture, where earthworms are most abundant. Choice of field on the basis of worm availability is a response to patchiness at one level. As we have seen, however, differe作者: pulse-pressure 時(shí)間: 2025-3-24 11:42
Women Leaders in the UK by Judith Baxter,cts of flocking may allow birds to spend less time scanning for predators and thus more time doing other things. The relationship between flocking and time budgeting has been especially well studied in single-species flocks (e.g. Lazarus 1972, 1978, Powell 1974, Caraco 1979a,b, Caraco .. 1980a,b, Ba作者: Melanoma 時(shí)間: 2025-3-24 16:54
Basic Rules for the Use of Visual Resources,udgeting, especially with regard to vigilance, is grouping behaviour (see Chapters 1 and 6, also Barnard 1985). The relationships between grouping behaviour, scanning and responsiveness to alarm stimuli, however, are not necessarily straightforward.作者: antenna 時(shí)間: 2025-3-24 20:44
Why Feed in Flocks,y, social behaviour and predation. That a study of the former can lead to conclusions about the latter is a reflection of the recent, dramatic increase in our understanding of the evolution of animal behaviour, an increase which stems from an integration of ideas from population biology, evolutionar作者: 表示向下 時(shí)間: 2025-3-24 23:54 作者: 集中營(yíng) 時(shí)間: 2025-3-25 05:22
Choosing Where to Feed: Choice of Field,n in the availability of prey, climatic factors, predation risk and social factors have all turned out to be important. The interaction between different factors in socially feeding species may be complex, even in those feeding in single-species flocks. In mixed flocks, the situation may be further 作者: Free-Radical 時(shí)間: 2025-3-25 08:30
Choosing Where to Feed: Choice within Fields,al heterogeneities in an otherwise continuous distribution, such as the occurrence of earthworms in a field. Whichever form it takes, patchiness in food resources has important consequences for the foraging strategies we should expect predators to adopt (e.g. Pyke .. 1977, Krebs 1978, 1979, Krebs an作者: 拉開這車床 時(shí)間: 2025-3-25 14:15 作者: BRAND 時(shí)間: 2025-3-25 17:28
Time Budgeting and Feeding Efficiency, known, however, that the size and species composition of a flock can influence individual foraging behaviour and feeding efficiency (see Chapters 1 and 5). Effects of flock size and composition may be another reason why plovers did not follow the predictions of our simple optimal-diet model exactly作者: Anthropoid 時(shí)間: 2025-3-25 21:45
Flock Dynamics: Patterns of Arrival and Departure,associated with feeding and looking for predators, and this directly affects their feeding efficiency (Chapters 5 and 6). Since the effect on individual feeding efficiency depends on the size and species composition of the flock, we might expect birds to be selective about the flocks they join or re作者: Affectation 時(shí)間: 2025-3-26 00:15 作者: 預(yù)定 時(shí)間: 2025-3-26 05:38 作者: Organization 時(shí)間: 2025-3-26 10:25 作者: LIMIT 時(shí)間: 2025-3-26 12:44
Context Oriented Functions of Strategiesy, social behaviour and predation. That a study of the former can lead to conclusions about the latter is a reflection of the recent, dramatic increase in our understanding of the evolution of animal behaviour, an increase which stems from an integration of ideas from population biology, evolutionar作者: Pandemic 時(shí)間: 2025-3-26 20:47 作者: disrupt 時(shí)間: 2025-3-26 21:06
https://doi.org/10.1057/9780230522435n in the availability of prey, climatic factors, predation risk and social factors have all turned out to be important. The interaction between different factors in socially feeding species may be complex, even in those feeding in single-species flocks. In mixed flocks, the situation may be further 作者: Hallmark 時(shí)間: 2025-3-27 05:01
https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-98669-2al heterogeneities in an otherwise continuous distribution, such as the occurrence of earthworms in a field. Whichever form it takes, patchiness in food resources has important consequences for the foraging strategies we should expect predators to adopt (e.g. Pyke .. 1977, Krebs 1978, 1979, Krebs an作者: Albinism 時(shí)間: 2025-3-27 07:29
species to select fields with high surface densities and predictable spatial distributions of earthworms, and areas within fields where worms are locally abundant. Locating rich feeding areas, however, is only one problem facing hungry birds. Earthworms occur at different depths in the soil, in dif作者: 收集 時(shí)間: 2025-3-27 11:02
Women Leaders in the UK by Judith Baxter, known, however, that the size and species composition of a flock can influence individual foraging behaviour and feeding efficiency (see Chapters 1 and 5). Effects of flock size and composition may be another reason why plovers did not follow the predictions of our simple optimal-diet model exactly作者: 慢跑鞋 時(shí)間: 2025-3-27 14:07
Speaking for Patients and Carersassociated with feeding and looking for predators, and this directly affects their feeding efficiency (Chapters 5 and 6). Since the effect on individual feeding efficiency depends on the size and species composition of the flock, we might expect birds to be selective about the flocks they join or re作者: 交響樂 時(shí)間: 2025-3-27 17:48
Appearances: Broadcasting and Dress,by stealing earthworms from foraging lapwings. In the preceding chapters, it has also become clear that the arrival of gulls in a flock and their kleptoparasitic activity has a complex effect on time budgeting, feeding efficiency and flock dynamics in both lapwings and golden plovers.作者: probate 時(shí)間: 2025-3-28 00:41
Basic Rules for the Use of Visual Resources,titors. Both finding limited resources and avoiding predation and exploitation, however, may require considerable investment of time and energy in scanning the environment, because resource availability and encounters with predators and competitors tend to be unpredictable in time and space. The nee作者: 嘲弄 時(shí)間: 2025-3-28 03:52 作者: Indelible 時(shí)間: 2025-3-28 07:25
Appearances: Broadcasting and Dress,by stealing earthworms from foraging lapwings. In the preceding chapters, it has also become clear that the arrival of gulls in a flock and their kleptoparasitic activity has a complex effect on time budgeting, feeding efficiency and flock dynamics in both lapwings and golden plovers.作者: miniature 時(shí)間: 2025-3-28 11:41 作者: 不持續(xù)就爆 時(shí)間: 2025-3-28 18:04 作者: 駁船 時(shí)間: 2025-3-28 22:06 作者: 藕床生厭倦 時(shí)間: 2025-3-29 02:27
Coleridge later uses the image again, to articulate the sense of spiritual dislocation he had felt since childhood: “An Impulse a tergo discoverable in early childhood—a darkness felt in the day-light—but the tendency instantly forced into a false direction, and soon scared by authority,” before “f作者: Banquet 時(shí)間: 2025-3-29 03:33 作者: OCTO 時(shí)間: 2025-3-29 07:49
Role of Hydrolyzable and Condensed Tannins in Cardiovascular Diseases,es. A few of the tannins are reported to have a beneficial effect in certain diseases such as coronary artery disease, restrictive cardiomyopathy, dilated cardiomyopathy, endothelial dysfunction, and cardiac hypertrophy. This chapter provides detailed insights into the role of different types of tannins in various cardiovascular disorders.作者: 毛細(xì)血管 時(shí)間: 2025-3-29 13:44
https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-21984-4nzelnen Staaten. Von . wird nur dann gesprochen, wenn mehrere Staaten sich auf der Grundlage multilateraler Vereinbarungen zu einem Verbund zusammenschlie?en und sich nach gemeinsamen Prinzipien und Regeln neu organisieren.作者: 悲痛 時(shí)間: 2025-3-29 16:24 作者: 不發(fā)音 時(shí)間: 2025-3-29 22:50
