作者: 離開可分裂 時(shí)間: 2025-3-21 21:49
Statistical gravitational lensing: Applications,The discussion in the preceding chapter focused on the technical aspects of statistical lensing. We now turn to the applications of statistical lensing, making extensive use of the results obtained in Chap. 11.作者: STIT 時(shí)間: 2025-3-22 03:03
https://doi.org/10.1007/0-387-28003-0ity of multiple imaging of sources and the magnification and distortion of the shape of images. Detailed knowledge of the properties of simple lens models is essential for the understanding of observed lens cases. In this and the following chapter, we consider the statistical properties of an ensemble of lenses.作者: 等級的上升 時(shí)間: 2025-3-22 07:58 作者: 憤憤不平 時(shí)間: 2025-3-22 09:11 作者: 匍匐前進(jìn) 時(shí)間: 2025-3-22 15:36
Gravitational lenses as astrophysical tools,urnish an additional test of General Relativity; (2.) allow us to see fainter or more distant sources; and (3.) provide a means to estimate the mass of galaxies, of clusters of galaxies, and of unseen, massive aggregates of dark matter.作者: 匍匐前進(jìn) 時(shí)間: 2025-3-22 19:41
Gravitational Lenses978-1-4612-2756-4Series ISSN 0941-7834 Series E-ISSN 2196-9698 作者: lobster 時(shí)間: 2025-3-22 22:33 作者: overshadow 時(shí)間: 2025-3-23 02:18
Numerical methods,ot known a priori. There are other problems where numerical analysis must be applied, e.g., if one wants to determine the total magnification for an extended source, as a function of its position. This problem is computationally simpler than the standard problem.作者: PON 時(shí)間: 2025-3-23 09:00
Basic facts and the observational situation,een images, and who are not interested in the more detailed aspects of gravitational lens theory discussed in later chapters. In particular, a “guide for observers” is presented, concerning the search for, and the detection and verification of GL events. An overview of observed GL candidates is presented in Sect. 2.5.作者: rods366 時(shí)間: 2025-3-23 10:37
Lensing near critical points, . of does not vanish at x(.), there exist neighborhoods of and on which . is bijective, i.e., the lens mapping is locally invertible. For an infinitesimal displacement dy of the source, the corresponding image position in the lens plane changes by 作者: bizarre 時(shí)間: 2025-3-23 15:31
Wave optics in gravitational lensing,t in (nearly) all cases of practical importance the geometrical optics treatment is an excellent approximation, at least as long as one considers those sources most likely to be lensed, namely QSOs and galaxies.作者: Costume 時(shí)間: 2025-3-23 20:35 作者: Adjourn 時(shí)間: 2025-3-24 01:51 作者: Foregery 時(shí)間: 2025-3-24 03:24
Ki-Taek Lim,Kamel A. Abd-Elsalameen images, and who are not interested in the more detailed aspects of gravitational lens theory discussed in later chapters. In particular, a “guide for observers” is presented, concerning the search for, and the detection and verification of GL events. An overview of observed GL candidates is presented in Sect. 2.5.作者: Dorsal-Kyphosis 時(shí)間: 2025-3-24 06:48
J. Ping Liu,Eric Fullerton,D.J. Sellmyer . of does not vanish at x(.), there exist neighborhoods of and on which . is bijective, i.e., the lens mapping is locally invertible. For an infinitesimal displacement dy of the source, the corresponding image position in the lens plane changes by 作者: 針葉類的樹 時(shí)間: 2025-3-24 13:10 作者: Kidney-Failure 時(shí)間: 2025-3-24 17:51
https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-16-3667-7ins a summary of those aspects of cosmology which are relevant for lens theory, together with some background material. On this basis, the second topic is treated in Sects. 4.5 and 4.6. Finally, in Sect. 4.7 we consider some aspects of wave optics, in preparation for chap. 7.作者: Herd-Immunity 時(shí)間: 2025-3-24 22:05 作者: 咽下 時(shí)間: 2025-3-25 00:28
Derivation of the lens equation,ins a summary of those aspects of cosmology which are relevant for lens theory, together with some background material. On this basis, the second topic is treated in Sects. 4.5 and 4.6. Finally, in Sect. 4.7 we consider some aspects of wave optics, in preparation for chap. 7.作者: cardiac-arrest 時(shí)間: 2025-3-25 04:29
Properties of the lens mapping,e in light-travel-time for different images of a source is an observable; this time delay is one of the central quantities in gravitational lensing. Two general theorems are proved in Sect. 5.4, and a classification of 3-image and 5-image topographies is presented in Sect. 5.5.作者: FLORA 時(shí)間: 2025-3-25 08:50
Swarms of Self-Organized Nanorobotsreation of this theory, however, it was suspected that gravity influences the behavior of light. Already in the first edition of his ., published in 1704, Sir Isaac Newton formulated as the first .: “Do not Bodies act upon Light at a distance, and by their action bend its Rays; and is not this actio作者: Aids209 時(shí)間: 2025-3-25 13:26
Ki-Taek Lim,Kamel A. Abd-Elsalamtions. This chapter is intended mainly for readers who prefer a quick look at the basic relations, e.g., between lens mass and angular separation between images, and who are not interested in the more detailed aspects of gravitational lens theory discussed in later chapters. In particular, a “guide 作者: 天空 時(shí)間: 2025-3-25 18:04
Cell Surface Diffusion and Adsorption,al coordinates and components; ..= .. Round and square brackets indicate symmetrization and alternation, respectively, as in .Throughout, we use the Einstein summation convention.The spacetime metric g.. is taken to have signature -2, or (+ - - -); the special-relativistic Minkowski metric in orthon作者: 愉快嗎 時(shí)間: 2025-3-25 23:05
https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-16-3667-7he corresponding theory must, therefore, account for (i) the bending and distortion of light bundles by nearly isolated, bound masses, and (ii) the imbedding of sources, deflectors, and observers into their cosmological environment, how this affects the propagation of light, and, in particular, the 作者: LATE 時(shí)間: 2025-3-26 03:35 作者: TEM 時(shí)間: 2025-3-26 04:19
J. Ping Liu,Eric Fullerton,D.J. Sellmyersource plane. We assume here that it is differentiable as often as is needed. If . is the image of ..) and if the Jacobian . = det . of the derivative . of does not vanish at x(.), there exist neighborhoods of and on which . is bijective, i.e., the lens mapping is locally invertible. For an infinite作者: 彎曲的人 時(shí)間: 2025-3-26 11:11 作者: 睨視 時(shí)間: 2025-3-26 14:49
Liposomal and Phytosomal Formulations,rved) configuration of images. To approach the answer, one first chooses some simple, plausible mass distributions and studies the inversions of the corresponding lens mappings, i.e., one searches for all points ξ which solve the equation for a given source position η. As mentioned before, this is a作者: Ringworm 時(shí)間: 2025-3-26 18:06 作者: catagen 時(shí)間: 2025-3-26 21:34 作者: Nuance 時(shí)間: 2025-3-27 04:26
https://doi.org/10.1007/0-387-28003-0ity of multiple imaging of sources and the magnification and distortion of the shape of images. Detailed knowledge of the properties of simple lens models is essential for the understanding of observed lens cases. In this and the following chapter, we consider the statistical properties of an ensemb作者: xanthelasma 時(shí)間: 2025-3-27 05:56 作者: 嘴唇可修剪 時(shí)間: 2025-3-27 09:37
Introduction,reation of this theory, however, it was suspected that gravity influences the behavior of light. Already in the first edition of his ., published in 1704, Sir Isaac Newton formulated as the first .: “Do not Bodies act upon Light at a distance, and by their action bend its Rays; and is not this actio作者: 聽覺 時(shí)間: 2025-3-27 16:17
Basic facts and the observational situation,tions. This chapter is intended mainly for readers who prefer a quick look at the basic relations, e.g., between lens mass and angular separation between images, and who are not interested in the more detailed aspects of gravitational lens theory discussed in later chapters. In particular, a “guide 作者: 啤酒 時(shí)間: 2025-3-27 20:47
Optics in curved spacetime,al coordinates and components; ..= .. Round and square brackets indicate symmetrization and alternation, respectively, as in .Throughout, we use the Einstein summation convention.The spacetime metric g.. is taken to have signature -2, or (+ - - -); the special-relativistic Minkowski metric in orthon作者: ineffectual 時(shí)間: 2025-3-27 22:06 作者: 過多 時(shí)間: 2025-3-28 03:40 作者: PACK 時(shí)間: 2025-3-28 09:25
Lensing near critical points,source plane. We assume here that it is differentiable as often as is needed. If . is the image of ..) and if the Jacobian . = det . of the derivative . of does not vanish at x(.), there exist neighborhoods of and on which . is bijective, i.e., the lens mapping is locally invertible. For an infinite作者: SOB 時(shí)間: 2025-3-28 12:03
Wave optics in gravitational lensing,gnoring the wave properties of light. In this chapter we investigate the conditions under which the latter may become noticeable. It will be shown that in (nearly) all cases of practical importance the geometrical optics treatment is an excellent approximation, at least as long as one considers thos作者: Popcorn 時(shí)間: 2025-3-28 18:36 作者: 胰島素 時(shí)間: 2025-3-28 21:54
Multiple light deflection,bution as developed in Chap. 5 applies. However, one can easily imagine situations where the light is deflected several times on the way from the source to the observer. For example, a distant QSO might be lensed by two galaxies at quite different redshifts; in particular, in the spectra of high red作者: 講個(gè)故事逗他 時(shí)間: 2025-3-29 02:43 作者: defeatist 時(shí)間: 2025-3-29 04:42
Statistical gravitational lensing: General considerations,ity of multiple imaging of sources and the magnification and distortion of the shape of images. Detailed knowledge of the properties of simple lens models is essential for the understanding of observed lens cases. In this and the following chapter, we consider the statistical properties of an ensemb作者: Carbon-Monoxide 時(shí)間: 2025-3-29 08:20
Gravitational lenses as astrophysical tools,urnish an additional test of General Relativity; (2.) allow us to see fainter or more distant sources; and (3.) provide a means to estimate the mass of galaxies, of clusters of galaxies, and of unseen, massive aggregates of dark matter.作者: Presbyopia 時(shí)間: 2025-3-29 15:26
Introduction,locity than that of light, and consequently, supposing light to be attracted by the same force in proportion to its ., with other bodies, all light emitted from such body would be made to return towards it, by its own proper gravity” [MI84.1j. He even proposed how one might discover such “black” bod作者: 用肘 時(shí)間: 2025-3-29 17:04 作者: 荒唐 時(shí)間: 2025-3-29 21:35
Multiple light deflection,ximate the matter distribution in our universe, clumps at all redshifts will influence light propagation. We describe numerical studies of this process in a later chapter. As it turns out, the multiple lens-plane theory ([BL86.1], [KO87.5]) is very convenient for the study of light rays (and bundles作者: GILD 時(shí)間: 2025-3-30 00:02
Swarms of Self-Organized Nanorobotslocity than that of light, and consequently, supposing light to be attracted by the same force in proportion to its ., with other bodies, all light emitted from such body would be made to return towards it, by its own proper gravity” [MI84.1j. He even proposed how one might discover such “black” bod作者: IVORY 時(shí)間: 2025-3-30 06:23 作者: 邊緣帶來墨水 時(shí)間: 2025-3-30 10:05
Multifunctional Thin Film Seriesximate the matter distribution in our universe, clumps at all redshifts will influence light propagation. We describe numerical studies of this process in a later chapter. As it turns out, the multiple lens-plane theory ([BL86.1], [KO87.5]) is very convenient for the study of light rays (and bundles
