標(biāo)題: Titlebook: Government Spending on the Elderly; Dimitri B. Papadimitriou (President, Jerome Levy P Book 2007 Palgrave Macmillan, a division of Macmill [打印本頁(yè)] 作者: 輕舟 時(shí)間: 2025-3-21 17:52
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作者: membrane 時(shí)間: 2025-3-21 23:49 作者: abysmal 時(shí)間: 2025-3-22 03:10 作者: Charitable 時(shí)間: 2025-3-22 04:42 作者: NOVA 時(shí)間: 2025-3-22 10:36
Dimitri B. Papadimitriou (President, Jerome Levy P作者: 猛擊 時(shí)間: 2025-3-22 16:25
Aussagenlogik Boolesche Algebra,observed during 1970–2002 when the proportion of the working age population in the US actually grew by about 5 percentage points. These demographic changes certainly imply a significant growth in the federal entitlement programs. Apart from the growth in the number of beneficiaries, existing benefit作者: 猛擊 時(shí)間: 2025-3-22 20:01
Aussagenlogik-Boolesche Algebra,loped nations taken as a whole can face a . is highly improbable, for the simple reason that demographic changes are too small relative to the growth of output that will be achieved even with low productivity increases. We will conclude with some policy recommendations that will enhance our ability 作者: 弄污 時(shí)間: 2025-3-23 01:12
,Erst wiegen, dann w?gen, dann wagen,ction, the amount of bequeathable wealth, and whether there is a bequest motive. The objective of this chapter is to quantify how much of an increase in Social Security benefits would be bequeathed back to the younger generation. We will use an estimated life-cycle model for consumption by singles..作者: 花爭(zhēng)吵 時(shí)間: 2025-3-23 02:01 作者: Keshan-disease 時(shí)間: 2025-3-23 09:08
Differing Prospects for Women and Men: Young Old-Age, Old Old-Age, and Eldercare so am well situated to observe the aging of my neighbors and friends as well as myself. In this chapter, I will comment on some of the policies being advocated or adopted that may affect women and men in different ways.作者: 嚴(yán)重傷害 時(shí)間: 2025-3-23 11:11
The Changing Role of Employer Pensions: Tax Expenditures, Costs, and Implications for Middle-class Ees of those without pensions are smaller; those with pensions have experienced more risks and responsibilities for saving and investing; and those who have lost pensions feel robbed and forced to work longer.作者: abduction 時(shí)間: 2025-3-23 13:55
Retiree Health Benefit Coverage and Retiremento current employees — see, for example, Rosen (2000) for a review and discussion — but retiree health benefits (RHB) have received far less attention, at least in part because data on them have been scarce.作者: 珍奇 時(shí)間: 2025-3-23 21:48 作者: candle 時(shí)間: 2025-3-23 22:23 作者: 隨意 時(shí)間: 2025-3-24 03:28
Spielarten ph?nomenologischer Soziologiees of those without pensions are smaller; those with pensions have experienced more risks and responsibilities for saving and investing; and those who have lost pensions feel robbed and forced to work longer.作者: Living-Will 時(shí)間: 2025-3-24 09:33 作者: Brain-Imaging 時(shí)間: 2025-3-24 11:22 作者: Anecdote 時(shí)間: 2025-3-24 14:58 作者: 畸形 時(shí)間: 2025-3-24 20:46 作者: Dignant 時(shí)間: 2025-3-24 23:26
Net Government Expenditures and the Economic Well-being of the Elderly in the United States, 1989–20income does not reflect elements that are crucial for the economic well-being of the elderly such as noncash transfers (which are completely excluded from money income) and wealth (for example, Radner, 1996; Rendall and Speare, 1993).作者: ticlopidine 時(shí)間: 2025-3-25 07:18 作者: 雕鏤 時(shí)間: 2025-3-25 10:46
Minimum Benefits in Social Securityalternative designs.. As a consequence, the design of a minimum benefit — or, for that matter, of almost all redistributive formulas within Social Security — has seldom been based on any theoretical or empirical notion of exactly what goals are sought and what types of formulaic adjustments would best achieve them.作者: 公社 時(shí)間: 2025-3-25 14:28 作者: 靦腆 時(shí)間: 2025-3-25 17:57
The Search for a Feasible Solutionlance survive under longer horizons? If not — that is, if faster economic growth fails to improve or even worsens Social Security’s actuarial balance over very long horizons — failure to enact reforms to make the system sustainable would be a more serious lapse than many policy makers and budget analysts realize.作者: installment 時(shí)間: 2025-3-25 21:17 作者: 輕率的你 時(shí)間: 2025-3-26 03:48
Wage Growth and the Measurement of Social Security’s Financial Conditionlance survive under longer horizons? If not — that is, if faster economic growth fails to improve or even worsens Social Security’s actuarial balance over very long horizons — failure to enact reforms to make the system sustainable would be a more serious lapse than many policy makers and budget analysts realize.作者: 我不明白 時(shí)間: 2025-3-26 07:14
Book 2007This book examines the aging of the US population as a primary domestic public policy issue. An increase in the proportion of the elderly in the total population will potentially result in a significant growth in the number of beneficiaries in major federal entitlement programs, leading to fiscal pressures and challenges for economic growth.作者: outset 時(shí)間: 2025-3-26 09:50
https://doi.org/10.1057/9780230591448aging; economic growth; fiscal policy; growth; macroeconomics; Welfare; Welfare State作者: 劇毒 時(shí)間: 2025-3-26 12:53 作者: Projection 時(shí)間: 2025-3-26 19:18 作者: 通情達(dá)理 時(shí)間: 2025-3-27 00:33 作者: 極肥胖 時(shí)間: 2025-3-27 05:09 作者: DOLT 時(shí)間: 2025-3-27 06:39
Aussagenlogik Boolesche Algebra,he US Census Bureau projects the fraction of the elderly in the total population to increase from its 2002 level of 12.5 per cent to 16.3 percent by 2020. Concomitantly, the fraction of working age population (20–64) is projected to decline from its current level of 59 to 57.2 percent in 2020. Alter作者: predict 時(shí)間: 2025-3-27 11:50
https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-96421-3he EU15 countries in the year 2001 was 23.9 percent vis-à-vis 14.7 percent in the United States (OECD Factbook, 2006). Some think that the European welfare state is too large because it crowds out economic activities. Indeed, GDP per capita in the United States is almost 50 percent higher than the a作者: 怒目而視 時(shí)間: 2025-3-27 15:42 作者: Legend 時(shí)間: 2025-3-27 21:36 作者: FACT 時(shí)間: 2025-3-28 01:38 作者: deviate 時(shí)間: 2025-3-28 06:07
https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-322-85936-5e, they forgo earnings. To replace these earnings, many retirees begin collecting pensions and/or drawing down their assets. Most retirees also begin collecting Social Security benefits. At the same time, retirees pay fewer taxes — not just payroll taxes that support Social Security, but also federa作者: flammable 時(shí)間: 2025-3-28 09:22 作者: 大炮 時(shí)間: 2025-3-28 12:55
Spielarten ph?nomenologischer Soziologiethose with pensions, and those who have lost pensions. The stagnation in pension coverage coupled with employer adoption of 401(k) plans means the hopes of those without pensions are smaller; those with pensions have experienced more risks and responsibilities for saving and investing; and those who作者: 無(wú)孔 時(shí)間: 2025-3-28 17:41
Laurent Decreusefond,Alain Maruani workers. Economists and policy analysts have paid much attention to the reasons for and consequences of employer provision of health insurance (HI) to current employees — see, for example, Rosen (2000) for a review and discussion — but retiree health benefits (RHB) have received far less attention,作者: 休閑 時(shí)間: 2025-3-28 19:54
https://doi.org/10.1057/9781137382795inly in the context of the industrialized nations. I begin by discussing methods for projecting demographic rates, mortality, fertility, and immigration, using probabilistic forecasts. I show how these are combined to make stochastic forecasts of population number and composition, illustrating with 作者: 狗窩 時(shí)間: 2025-3-29 00:00
The Search for a Feasible Solutionding imbalance.. If, as many argue, Social Security Trustees’ projections for economic growth are unduly pessimistic, policy makers may ignore calls for policies to reform the system in the belief that faster economic growth will “bail us out.” However, Social Security’s financial status is normally作者: Aphorism 時(shí)間: 2025-3-29 04:27 作者: 自愛(ài) 時(shí)間: 2025-3-29 08:07 作者: municipality 時(shí)間: 2025-3-29 15:26 作者: 水槽 時(shí)間: 2025-3-29 16:13
European Welfare State Regimes and Their Generosity toward the Elderlyhe EU15 countries in the year 2001 was 23.9 percent vis-à-vis 14.7 percent in the United States (OECD Factbook, 2006). Some think that the European welfare state is too large because it crowds out economic activities. Indeed, GDP per capita in the United States is almost 50 percent higher than the a作者: 不朽中國(guó) 時(shí)間: 2025-3-29 21:54
Global Demographic Trends and Provisioning for the Futureve growth of the elderly population is fueling debate about reform of Social Security programs in the United States and other developed nations. In the United States, the total discounted shortfall of Social Security revenues has been estimated at about $11 trillion, of which nearly two-thirds comes作者: Carcinogenesis 時(shí)間: 2025-3-30 03:10 作者: crockery 時(shí)間: 2025-3-30 05:06
Differing Prospects for Women and Men: Young Old-Age, Old Old-Age, and Eldercarei-retired feminist economist, who is a participant observer of the process of growing old. I live in a Continuing Care Retirement Community (CCRC) and so am well situated to observe the aging of my neighbors and friends as well as myself. In this chapter, I will comment on some of the policies being作者: 領(lǐng)巾 時(shí)間: 2025-3-30 10:14 作者: amenity 時(shí)間: 2025-3-30 15:19
Net Intergenerational Transfers from an Increase in Social Security Benefitst the possibility of living longer. Bequests are accidental. Starting from a baseline level of Social Security benefits, an increase in benefits will cause consumption to increase. However, consumption may not increase by as much as the increase in Social Security, which would cause wealth to be gre作者: Bravado 時(shí)間: 2025-3-30 18:31 作者: Microgram 時(shí)間: 2025-3-30 23:30
Retiree Health Benefit Coverage and Retirement workers. Economists and policy analysts have paid much attention to the reasons for and consequences of employer provision of health insurance (HI) to current employees — see, for example, Rosen (2000) for a review and discussion — but retiree health benefits (RHB) have received far less attention,作者: 免除責(zé)任 時(shí)間: 2025-3-31 03:48
Population Forecasts, Fiscal Policy, and Riskinly in the context of the industrialized nations. I begin by discussing methods for projecting demographic rates, mortality, fertility, and immigration, using probabilistic forecasts. I show how these are combined to make stochastic forecasts of population number and composition, illustrating with
