作者: GLEAN 時(shí)間: 2025-3-21 23:45
Analytical Theory,tforward model. Going to deal with the electron–photon cascade theory, we slightly change designations of basic cascade functions, characterizing differential (with respect to observed energy .) spectra particles in cascades initiated by single-particle sources, and make replacements . Information a作者: oxidant 時(shí)間: 2025-3-22 03:30
SBCE Method,analytical theory and slowly decreasing statistical errors with calculation time, inherent in Monte Carlo simulations. Among such methods are finite-difference method, multigroup method, moment method, decomposition in orthogonal functions, and their combinations with Monte Carlo and numerical metho作者: 有限 時(shí)間: 2025-3-22 07:37 作者: Acupressure 時(shí)間: 2025-3-22 10:06 作者: 豐滿有漂亮 時(shí)間: 2025-3-22 16:41 作者: 豐滿有漂亮 時(shí)間: 2025-3-22 19:04
Cascade Ages, Similarity, Universality, and All That,erstanding the hierarchy of events allows to formulate the main characteristics of the process in in terms of collective variables. The most important of them is the age parameter ., which relates the penetration depth of particles to the energy of the primary particle initiating the shower. The con作者: QUAIL 時(shí)間: 2025-3-22 21:51
Amantika Singh,Krishna Kumar Choudhary which the particles move along smooth continuous trajectories. It is in such collisions particles can vanish, being absorbed by other particles, change their momentum being scattered by other particles, and produce new particles, sometimes in rather large numbers (multiple production).作者: 尾隨 時(shí)間: 2025-3-23 02:20
C. S. Karez,M. Roméo,M. Gnassia-Barellibout the primary particles of the cascade will be stored in the initial conditions of the equations for these functions: . means that the cascade is initiated by primary electron with energy ., whereas conditions . say, that the primary particle is a photon.作者: Nutrient 時(shí)間: 2025-3-23 07:45 作者: 表否定 時(shí)間: 2025-3-23 13:27 作者: 脆弱帶來(lái) 時(shí)間: 2025-3-23 15:47
Analytical Theory,bout the primary particles of the cascade will be stored in the initial conditions of the equations for these functions: . means that the cascade is initiated by primary electron with energy ., whereas conditions . say, that the primary particle is a photon.作者: 鐵砧 時(shí)間: 2025-3-23 20:35
Relativistic EPC in Intergalactic Medium, of intergalactic magnetic fields, these interactions initiate electron–photon cascades. The contributions of .-rays from these cascades should constitute a noticeable fraction into the diffuse extragalactic background.作者: 情節(jié)劇 時(shí)間: 2025-3-24 01:53 作者: 使堅(jiān)硬 時(shí)間: 2025-3-24 05:32
https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-11641-9ifference method, multigroup method, moment method, decomposition in orthogonal functions, and their combinations with Monte Carlo and numerical methods of recovery of desired solutions from decomposition coefficients. This book focuses on one of these methods, the spline backward cascade equation (SBCE), for two reasons.作者: 小溪 時(shí)間: 2025-3-24 09:48 作者: CRAB 時(shí)間: 2025-3-24 11:46 作者: 易于出錯(cuò) 時(shí)間: 2025-3-24 17:30
Soft Computing for Metamaterial Structures, of them is the age parameter ., which relates the penetration depth of particles to the energy of the primary particle initiating the shower. The concept of the “age” of a shower has been in use in the cosmic ray community for more than half a century.作者: arthroplasty 時(shí)間: 2025-3-24 21:45
SBCE Method,ifference method, multigroup method, moment method, decomposition in orthogonal functions, and their combinations with Monte Carlo and numerical methods of recovery of desired solutions from decomposition coefficients. This book focuses on one of these methods, the spline backward cascade equation (SBCE), for two reasons.作者: 雪上輕舟飛過(guò) 時(shí)間: 2025-3-25 01:07
Statistical Fluctuations in EPC,aindrops, but appear broken, consisting of almost rectilinear segments of random length and random directions. At high energies, the processes of particle production also take place, so that the trajectory of the cascade in the atmosphere becomes similar to an inverted tree.作者: Glaci冰 時(shí)間: 2025-3-25 04:12 作者: 情感 時(shí)間: 2025-3-25 09:43
Cascade Ages, Similarity, Universality, and All That, of them is the age parameter ., which relates the penetration depth of particles to the energy of the primary particle initiating the shower. The concept of the “age” of a shower has been in use in the cosmic ray community for more than half a century.作者: Mendicant 時(shí)間: 2025-3-25 12:44 作者: 怕失去錢(qián) 時(shí)間: 2025-3-25 16:45
Book 2024ar (additive) detector. This approach is characterized by mathematical efficiency: no matter how many particles are formed in a cascade, the active argument of the desired functional always remains one particle. The second advantage is its generality: the formalization of the readings of the detecto作者: avarice 時(shí)間: 2025-3-25 22:29 作者: 秘密會(huì)議 時(shí)間: 2025-3-26 03:19
Leslie A. Shinobu,M. Flint BealIn accordance with the general principles of the particle transport theory, their motion in between collisions will be described in the classical manner (Wigner in Nuclear energy. Springer, Berlin, 1992, [.]).作者: 做作 時(shí)間: 2025-3-26 05:00
James A. Budnick,Clayton C. CaswellLet . be the random density of particles at the measurement moment . and . be the part of this density formed by descendants of the particle which was located at point . at time .. We assume that external sources do not produce particles during the interval (.,?.) .作者: Intuitive 時(shí)間: 2025-3-26 12:10
Electron transfer and redox reactions,Markov branching nature of fragmentation-advection processes provides opportunity to restrict our attention to processes with initial states consisting only of one particle.作者: ORE 時(shí)間: 2025-3-26 16:20
https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4419-1139-1The passage of a charged particle passage through the matter is accompanied by emission of electromagnetic radiation.作者: Abduct 時(shí)間: 2025-3-26 16:55
https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4939-6918-0A common idea of the perturbation method family is based on the appropriated choice of a close problem, whose solution can be taken as an initial approximation, and the subsequent refinement is achieved by constructing an expansion in powers of the smallness parameter (in operator terminology, in powers of the perturbation operator).作者: Arable 時(shí)間: 2025-3-26 22:21
Barry Golding,Suzanne D. GoldingMore complex than electron–photon cascades are .?(EAS)—cascades initiated by primary ultrahigh-energy cosmic radiation in the atmosphere including hadron reach component [.]. They contain almost all currently known elementary particles and a search for new particles is underway.作者: Ventilator 時(shí)間: 2025-3-27 05:00 作者: Commission 時(shí)間: 2025-3-27 05:26 作者: BALK 時(shí)間: 2025-3-27 10:44
Forward (Basic) Equation for CP,Let . be the random density of particles at the measurement moment . and . be the part of this density formed by descendants of the particle which was located at point . at time .. We assume that external sources do not produce particles during the interval (.,?.) .作者: 供過(guò)于求 時(shí)間: 2025-3-27 16:53
Backward (Adjoint) Equation,Markov branching nature of fragmentation-advection processes provides opportunity to restrict our attention to processes with initial states consisting only of one particle.作者: invulnerable 時(shí)間: 2025-3-27 20:56 作者: Coeval 時(shí)間: 2025-3-27 23:44 作者: 隼鷹 時(shí)間: 2025-3-28 02:22 作者: 真繁榮 時(shí)間: 2025-3-28 06:27
Cherenkov Radiation of EPC,In the paper [.], we analyzed the fluctuations of Cherenkov radiation and its correlations with the number of particles in B-approximation of EPC theory approximation. To solve this problem, we generalized the method developed in [.] as applied to fluctuations in the EPC particles number.作者: 勉勵(lì) 時(shí)間: 2025-3-28 12:37
Amantika Singh,Krishna Kumar Choudharyn atoms, helium, heavier atoms, the nuclei of which can consist of several tens of nucleons. All of them perform, interacting with each other, as well as with gravitational and electromagnetic fields. In most cases, the particle–particle interactions are treated in terms of collision events, between作者: 皮薩 時(shí)間: 2025-3-28 15:39 作者: Acetaldehyde 時(shí)間: 2025-3-28 20:15 作者: JOT 時(shí)間: 2025-3-29 01:21
Executive Summary and Conclusions,um moves. It is for this reason that the trajectories of cosmic ray particles in the Earth’s atmosphere are not continuous, like the trajectories of raindrops, but appear broken, consisting of almost rectilinear segments of random length and random directions. At high energies, the processes of part作者: ironic 時(shí)間: 2025-3-29 06:30 作者: 懸掛 時(shí)間: 2025-3-29 08:34
Metamaterial Electromagnetic Wave Absorberscades can be created on almost all astronomical scales, from compact objects like accreting black holes, fireballs in gamma-ray bursts, sub-pc jets of blazars to large-scale (up to 100 kpc) AGN jets and 1 Mpc size clusters of galaxies. Since the energy density of 2.7. K CMBR significantly exceeds it作者: arbovirus 時(shí)間: 2025-3-29 14:31
Soft Computing for Metamaterial Structures,erstanding the hierarchy of events allows to formulate the main characteristics of the process in in terms of collective variables. The most important of them is the age parameter ., which relates the penetration depth of particles to the energy of the primary particle initiating the shower. The con作者: heart-murmur 時(shí)間: 2025-3-29 18:37
Vladimir V. UchaikinAddresses a number of questions concerning the nature and origin of cosmic particles in recent research.Considers the phenomena in the framework of a measurement procedure mapping random samples of Ma作者: infantile 時(shí)間: 2025-3-29 21:59 作者: faddish 時(shí)間: 2025-3-30 00:25 作者: 刪除 時(shí)間: 2025-3-30 06:55 作者: PLAYS 時(shí)間: 2025-3-30 11:36 作者: champaign 時(shí)間: 2025-3-30 15:27
Naushira Pandya MD, CMD, FACPus in the bioremediation of contaminated environments, in triacylglycerol accumulation, and in phytopathogenic strategies, as well as the potential of biosurfactants. A final chapter describes the sole pathogenic Rhodococcus member, R. equi.978-3-642-26494-8978-3-642-12937-7Series ISSN 1862-5576 Series E-ISSN 1862-5584 作者: Flu表流動(dòng) 時(shí)間: 2025-3-30 18:42
Mathematical Modeling with Spreadsheetsareful attention to empirical research and literature from around the globe, the encyclopedia is of interest to a wide audience that includes researchers, teachers and students, policy makers, (non)governmental agencies, public health practitioners, business planners, and many other individuals and organizations.?.978-3-030-22009-9作者: 轉(zhuǎn)換 時(shí)間: 2025-3-30 23:47
B. Purkaitw levels (Haglund et al., 1993). Links between individual-level social inequalities and regional (aggregate-level) differences are partly explained by relatively high spatial concentration of the deprived and of populations of lower social class (United Nations, 1953; Masuy-Stroobant, 1983).作者: 無(wú)彈性 時(shí)間: 2025-3-31 01:51 作者: 串通 時(shí)間: 2025-3-31 06:23 作者: ablate 時(shí)間: 2025-3-31 10:22
