標(biāo)題: Titlebook: European Regions, 1870 – 2020; A Geographic and His Jordi Martí-Henneberg Book 2021 The Editor(s) (if applicable) and The Author(s), under [打印本頁] 作者: 相似 時間: 2025-3-21 18:53
書目名稱European Regions, 1870 – 2020影響因子(影響力)
作者: 亞當(dāng)心理陰影 時間: 2025-3-22 00:03 作者: 脫毛 時間: 2025-3-22 02:58
Concluding Remarks and Way Forward,. The UK is also distinct in having very large local units, which have progressively decreased in number by combination into unitary county or district authorities since 1995. Counties are the NUTS 2 level. UK local government has most of their finance derived from central government grants; there i作者: ATRIA 時間: 2025-3-22 05:09
Kernel and Submanifold Learningucracy and a political culture in which members of parliament mainly act as intermediaries between the latter bureaucracy and their local constituents, an arrangement which relies on the lack of strong local government institutions.作者: 有助于 時間: 2025-3-22 11:18 作者: 編輯才信任 時間: 2025-3-22 16:16
Das Politikbewusstsein in Schüler?u?erungen state’s representative in the county. From 1 January 2020, there are 11 counties divided into 356 municipalities (NUTS 5) called . in Norwegian. The capital Oslo, which is both a county and a municipality, is also divided into a fourth level of governance, . (urban district or borough), with 15 dir作者: 編輯才信任 時間: 2025-3-22 20:51 作者: intrigue 時間: 2025-3-23 00:20
Republic of Irelanducracy and a political culture in which members of parliament mainly act as intermediaries between the latter bureaucracy and their local constituents, an arrangement which relies on the lack of strong local government institutions.作者: Pelvic-Floor 時間: 2025-3-23 03:45
Swedennt, originally called county councils. These are mainly responsible for healthcare but have gradually taken on responsibilities for regional development and are now labelled regions. From traditionally having a strong central level and significant municipalities, reforms during recent decades have i作者: Diverticulitis 時間: 2025-3-23 07:30
Norway state’s representative in the county. From 1 January 2020, there are 11 counties divided into 356 municipalities (NUTS 5) called . in Norwegian. The capital Oslo, which is both a county and a municipality, is also divided into a fourth level of governance, . (urban district or borough), with 15 dir作者: notion 時間: 2025-3-23 11:49
Jordi Martí-HennebergDetails the main border modifications that took place in Europe from 1870 to 2020.Sheds light on the complex regional organization of Europe.Provides a comparative perspective on the development of po作者: 噱頭 時間: 2025-3-23 16:39
http://image.papertrans.cn/e/image/316906.jpg作者: 賞錢 時間: 2025-3-23 21:39
978-3-030-61539-0The Editor(s) (if applicable) and The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Switzerl作者: 刀鋒 時間: 2025-3-24 01:17
https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-78202-7nd finally of German unification that definitively established Germany’s status and boundaries. Internal boundaries changed in relation to these events, albeit with different intensities (less in 1919, more in 1867 and after 1945, finally, in 1990, only in the former German Democratic Republic [GDR]作者: 拋棄的貨物 時間: 2025-3-24 05:25
Y. A. Kubyshin,J. M. Mour?o,I. P. Volobujevormation and presents the three main levels of government. This chapter then undertakes some cross-sectional and inter-temporal comparisons regarding regional size and area. Finally, it explains the rationale of two further statistical units at regional level, namely, job market regions and the seve作者: Intend 時間: 2025-3-24 09:14 作者: indicate 時間: 2025-3-24 14:12 作者: Vsd168 時間: 2025-3-24 16:13 作者: 完整 時間: 2025-3-24 19:27 作者: Interlocking 時間: 2025-3-24 23:51 作者: 事物的方面 時間: 2025-3-25 07:18 作者: lattice 時間: 2025-3-25 08:09 作者: RAGE 時間: 2025-3-25 14:50 作者: frivolous 時間: 2025-3-25 19:44 作者: padding 時間: 2025-3-25 20:13
https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-322-88664-4hin the Danish kingdom, facilitated by centuries of relative isolation and economic standstill. Winds of change in nineteenth-century Danish politics posed a threat to Icelandic traditions and eventually led to full separation with the dissolution of the union between the two countries in 1944. Cons作者: CROW 時間: 2025-3-26 02:38
https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-658-19949-4ive institutions has little changed. His conception of a highly centralised State, inherited from the Old Regime, and of the management of its territories and parishes, which had become the basis of a One and Indivisible Republic. ‘An impulse that comes from the top and respects local conventions’, 作者: 秘密會議 時間: 2025-3-26 08:12 作者: 植物茂盛 時間: 2025-3-26 08:47
Alexey Barabashev,Vadim Prokofievthe power of central government though limited for a long time by various state inefficiencies was felt at district level. However, at the bottom municipalities were able to preserve the relative autonomy they had been enjoying. Despite the presence of the growing centralised state, they were able t作者: NAG 時間: 2025-3-26 16:33
https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-61537-6Historical geography; Cartography; Territorial organization; Administrative division; Europe; Geographic 作者: 包庇 時間: 2025-3-26 19:42 作者: BATE 時間: 2025-3-26 23:30
Switzerlandormation and presents the three main levels of government. This chapter then undertakes some cross-sectional and inter-temporal comparisons regarding regional size and area. Finally, it explains the rationale of two further statistical units at regional level, namely, job market regions and the seve作者: GREEN 時間: 2025-3-27 04:43
Belgiumin 1831. Belgium is a constitutional monarchy with a parliamentary system and a strong form of consociationalism. An important factor in Belgium’s state reform process has always been the language cleavage between Dutch-speaking Flanders and French-speaking Wallonia. Since 1970, Belgium has conseque作者: formula 時間: 2025-3-27 07:58 作者: Ornament 時間: 2025-3-27 10:18
Luxembourgian State and the German Zollverein. It has always made an effort to sustain political and economic ties in all directions, also since gaining its independence in the nineteenth century. Collaboration within the Benelux Customs Union, the North Atlantic Treaty Organisation (NATO), the European Union作者: 清楚 時間: 2025-3-27 14:38 作者: 臆斷 時間: 2025-3-27 21:30
Republic of Ireland Republic of Ireland in 1922, there has been ongoing weakening of the local government system through the abolition of its lowest tier and the removal of many of its functions. Planning Regions created in 1964 were Ireland’s first regional administrative tier, but had few functions and no power. The作者: 抱負 時間: 2025-3-28 00:00
Swedenclesial local government was not established until 1862. The county level originates from the seventeenth century. The municipalities have been subject to two amalgamation reforms, aiming at strengthening their ability to carry out welfare functions, which reduced the numbers from 2400 to 290. They 作者: 牢騷 時間: 2025-3-28 04:21 作者: 細菌等 時間: 2025-3-28 09:14
Norway for functionally and territorially defined areas between the county and the central level of government without any political decision-making bodies, for example, the four functionally defined health regions, the territorially defined areas called . (NUTS 2), and the 89 economic regions (NUTS 4). I作者: irritation 時間: 2025-3-28 13:42
Denmarkeductions were the loss of the Scanian areas to Sweden in 1660 and of Norway in 1814 to Sweden. The special situation of the duchies Slesvig and Holsten is illustrated and their loss to Prussia in 1866, and again the reunion with the northern part of Slesvig in 1920 after a referendum. The internal 作者: 原告 時間: 2025-3-28 18:16
Icelandhin the Danish kingdom, facilitated by centuries of relative isolation and economic standstill. Winds of change in nineteenth-century Danish politics posed a threat to Icelandic traditions and eventually led to full separation with the dissolution of the union between the two countries in 1944. Cons作者: 喪失 時間: 2025-3-28 20:54 作者: 污穢 時間: 2025-3-29 00:16
Italyhought of with secessionist pressures. In this work, we will see how internal differences have characterised the Italian peninsula since ancient times. Its division between North and South is important and more visible than ever but it is not connected to regionalism. For this reason, I will show ho作者: 充氣女 時間: 2025-3-29 04:34 作者: VALID 時間: 2025-3-29 09:36 作者: RAG 時間: 2025-3-29 15:07
https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-78202-7 of 1871 to the much more unitarian Weimar Republic and overcentralised Nazi state, but turned around in 1949, only to start a tendency towards an ever more cooperative federalism that continued after unification in 1990.作者: CLAY 時間: 2025-3-29 17:42 作者: LAVA 時間: 2025-3-29 20:41
https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-658-29787-9ayors and provincial ‘King’s Commissioners’ are formally unelected and thus rather a-political guardians of democratic processes, which illustrates the often-mentioned shift to interactive, multi-actor, public-private network governance.作者: 等級的上升 時間: 2025-3-30 03:35
https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-322-88664-4t is in many ways weaker, with a large number of small communes and lack of administrative capacity. Given the lack of capacity in many of the small communes, central government plays a relatively large role, compared to the Scandinavian countries, in public policy and administration.作者: 熟練 時間: 2025-3-30 06:04
https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-322-98962-8ar identity, neither political nor cultural. Its management of the territory is undermined by an unfortunate reform which Italy has struggled against since 2001 and from which the country has never left. Added to this is the reform of the provinces of 2014 which increased the operational difficulties on the Italian territorial organisation.作者: insidious 時間: 2025-3-30 10:48
Germany of 1871 to the much more unitarian Weimar Republic and overcentralised Nazi state, but turned around in 1949, only to start a tendency towards an ever more cooperative federalism that continued after unification in 1990.作者: 大看臺 時間: 2025-3-30 12:48 作者: jocular 時間: 2025-3-30 19:12
The Netherlandsayors and provincial ‘King’s Commissioners’ are formally unelected and thus rather a-political guardians of democratic processes, which illustrates the often-mentioned shift to interactive, multi-actor, public-private network governance.作者: peak-flow 時間: 2025-3-30 21:01 作者: 不易燃 時間: 2025-3-31 03:11
Italyar identity, neither political nor cultural. Its management of the territory is undermined by an unfortunate reform which Italy has struggled against since 2001 and from which the country has never left. Added to this is the reform of the provinces of 2014 which increased the operational difficulties on the Italian territorial organisation.作者: Pulmonary-Veins 時間: 2025-3-31 07:27
