標(biāo)題: Titlebook: Epistemology of the Human Sciences; Restoring an Evoluti Walter B. Weimer Book 2023 The Editor(s) (if applicable) and The Author(s), under [打印本頁(yè)] 作者: Filament 時(shí)間: 2025-3-21 18:32
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作者: 世俗 時(shí)間: 2025-3-21 22:26
Problems of Mensuration and Experimentation result. Experimentation is classical (not quantal), and involves replicable control. Experimentation requires separation of events into objects of study and the (rest of the) world. Epistemically, this separation is between the knower (the experimenter) and the known. Knowledge must stand apart from (be about) its objects.作者: constitutional 時(shí)間: 2025-3-22 02:58 作者: Blood-Vessels 時(shí)間: 2025-3-22 08:16 作者: Prostaglandins 時(shí)間: 2025-3-22 09:26 作者: GNAW 時(shí)間: 2025-3-22 13:42 作者: GNAW 時(shí)間: 2025-3-22 20:38
Antibiotic-Induced Anaphylaxis,annot be measured except with less powerful scale techniques and can never be “controlled” to yield physics-like laws. Life arose without lawful (inexorable) determination, by enabling circumstances subject to rules but not physical determinism. Biology requires functional (higher order) explanatory作者: BIPED 時(shí)間: 2025-3-22 23:11
Konstantina Drakopoulou,Lukas Fuchsgruberithout influencing behavior guarantees the impossibility of experimentation or the discovery of inexorable laws. Psychology is restricted to demonstration studies: empirical but not experimental. Behaviorism is the application of phenomenalism (presentationalizm): all that exists for science is over作者: 只有 時(shí)間: 2025-3-23 04:44
Anarchism in Print: Yesterday and Today,nferential. Studying only correlations abandons causality, at the price of never being explanatory—only descriptive. There can never be algorithms of either inference or assessment. One must have a theory to explain in either the physical or the functional domains. Only theories explain, and theory 作者: BILIO 時(shí)間: 2025-3-23 06:23
https://doi.org/10.1057/9780230289680loy nominal, ordinal, and (some) interval scaling procedures to provide actual meaningful information in the human sciences, whereas using parametric procedures based upon ratio scaling provides misleading results because such procedures add in much information that cannot actually be supported by t作者: Folklore 時(shí)間: 2025-3-23 10:00
Contributions to Political Scienceic action cannot be a priori or certain like mathematics. Methodological individualism is not based on either subjectivism or apodictic certainty (but rather upon individual or local knowledge). Empirical (laboratory demonstration) research is necessary to determine how humans do in fact act. In the作者: PALMY 時(shí)間: 2025-3-23 17:14
https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-44677-2, never uniquely subjective. Knowledge of non-mental reality (including our own bodies) is purely of its structural or higher order properties: we can never know the intrinsic (or first-order) properties of anything beyond our acquaintance, and that acquaintance is in turn known to us only by descri作者: itinerary 時(shí)間: 2025-3-23 18:02 作者: 河流 時(shí)間: 2025-3-24 00:39 作者: V切開(kāi) 時(shí)間: 2025-3-24 05:03 作者: doxazosin 時(shí)間: 2025-3-24 06:40
https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-66480-4n point predictions. Increased precision does not increase point prediction, it only limits generalizability. Negative rules of order—prohibitions of specified classes of action—constrain complex phenomena. This is the only way finite and?limited control structures can deal with indefinitely extende作者: JADED 時(shí)間: 2025-3-24 14:03
Wolfgang Seeger,Hans-Rudolf Eggertfication of physical movement alone. We require a duality of descriptions: of physical movement, and a semiotic framework in which it occurs. This requires looking back over the derivational history of the behavior to determine pragmatic and semantic contexts specifying what it means. Behavior unfol作者: 揉雜 時(shí)間: 2025-3-24 17:54
978-3-031-17175-8The Editor(s) (if applicable) and The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Switzerl作者: Sarcoma 時(shí)間: 2025-3-24 21:18 作者: gustation 時(shí)間: 2025-3-25 03:15 作者: 一加就噴出 時(shí)間: 2025-3-25 05:55 作者: 職業(yè)拳擊手 時(shí)間: 2025-3-25 10:33
Preface,nce” are to be met with a groan.?This preface notes why that approach is wrong, and in?what direction real and significant progress can and has been made by adopting an evolutionary approach to epistemology and psychology in place of the static and pre-evolutionary approach of traditional justificat作者: Heart-Attack 時(shí)間: 2025-3-25 15:13 作者: 老巫婆 時(shí)間: 2025-3-25 18:08 作者: GRE 時(shí)間: 2025-3-25 20:49 作者: milligram 時(shí)間: 2025-3-26 01:34 作者: lipids 時(shí)間: 2025-3-26 08:03 作者: 敏捷 時(shí)間: 2025-3-26 09:03 作者: doxazosin 時(shí)間: 2025-3-26 15:51
Economic Calculation of Value Is Not Measurement, Not Apriori, and Its Study Is Not Experimentalic action cannot be a priori or certain like mathematics. Methodological individualism is not based on either subjectivism or apodictic certainty (but rather upon individual or local knowledge). Empirical (laboratory demonstration) research is necessary to determine how humans do in fact act. In the作者: 很像弓] 時(shí)間: 2025-3-26 18:45 作者: MUMP 時(shí)間: 2025-3-27 00:37 作者: CLAY 時(shí)間: 2025-3-27 05:06
Complementarity in Science, Life, and Knowledgeke an epistemic .—between what is the object of inquiry and the rest of the universe. As subjects our symbols and meanings impose higher order constraints determined by our choices. Life began when functional instruction harnessed or constrained physical phenomena into particular physically possible作者: GRATE 時(shí)間: 2025-3-27 08:15 作者: 安定 時(shí)間: 2025-3-27 12:59
Understanding Complex Phenomenan point predictions. Increased precision does not increase point prediction, it only limits generalizability. Negative rules of order—prohibitions of specified classes of action—constrain complex phenomena. This is the only way finite and?limited control structures can deal with indefinitely extende作者: Ibd810 時(shí)間: 2025-3-27 13:56
The Resolution of Surface and Deep Structure Ambiguityfication of physical movement alone. We require a duality of descriptions: of physical movement, and a semiotic framework in which it occurs. This requires looking back over the derivational history of the behavior to determine pragmatic and semantic contexts specifying what it means. Behavior unfol作者: MAL 時(shí)間: 2025-3-27 20:22 作者: Jingoism 時(shí)間: 2025-3-28 01:51 作者: Conclave 時(shí)間: 2025-3-28 05:19 作者: 禍害隱伏 時(shí)間: 2025-3-28 09:50
The Mental and Physical Still Pose Insuperable Problemsus nervous activity. The subjective realm is a creation of the objective one—of our knowledge by description. Choice determination of behavior is deterministic in the rate-independent realm, but probabilistic in the dynamical universe. Free will depends on choice determination.作者: GRILL 時(shí)間: 2025-3-28 13:46 作者: 無(wú)彈性 時(shí)間: 2025-3-28 17:27
Anaphora in Natural Language Understandingade by adopting an evolutionary approach to epistemology and psychology in place of the static and pre-evolutionary approach of traditional justificationist philosophy. Epistemology is one of the life sciences, not a part of static philosophical “after the fact” reconstruction.作者: buoyant 時(shí)間: 2025-3-28 22:14 作者: 發(fā)源 時(shí)間: 2025-3-29 01:33
Antibiotic-Induced Anaphylaxis,orable) determination, by enabling circumstances subject to rules but not physical determinism. Biology requires functional (higher order) explanatory concepts beyond what physics can provide. Replicability is always scale dependent and requires “uniform” subjects, which can never be guaranteed.作者: CRACY 時(shí)間: 2025-3-29 03:19
Anarchism in Print: Yesterday and Today,either inference or assessment. One must have a theory to explain in either the physical or the functional domains. Only theories explain, and theory has to specify what statistics appropriately describe (as measures) of?your data to determine what information can be extracted.作者: harpsichord 時(shí)間: 2025-3-29 08:29 作者: cognizant 時(shí)間: 2025-3-29 14:49
Contributions to Political Science rather upon individual or local knowledge). Empirical (laboratory demonstration) research is necessary to determine how humans do in fact act. In the human sciences, probability “numbers” apply only to pattern predictions, not to point prediction. Creativity and ambiguity cannot be addressed by apriori accounts.作者: Commodious 時(shí)間: 2025-3-29 15:59 作者: 領(lǐng)導(dǎo)權(quán) 時(shí)間: 2025-3-29 21:15
Complementarity in Science, Life, and Knowledge paths. Semantics and choice contingency lead to the possibility of error as well as to knowledge, through many-to-one (or many to a few) mappings. This is why the universe is always ambiguous. Knowledge both?creates and attempts to limit that ambiguity. Agency as self-constraint is immensely complex compared to spontaneous complexity.作者: 驚呼 時(shí)間: 2025-3-30 03:50
Complimentarities of Physicality and Functionality Yield Unavoidable Dualismsrs have no agency, so do not anticipate: they are sources of information for cognizing agents. Adaptive behavior is (downward) causal (push from past), not teleological (pull from future). Physical theory also requires a duality of descriptions. Rules of behavior are not laws of nature.作者: voluble 時(shí)間: 2025-3-30 05:44
Understanding Complex Phenomenad domains of behavior. Science and all such phenomena are never algorithmic or determinately computable—they operate by following standing obligation rules (of what not to do) which one must follow indefinitely.作者: 值得贊賞 時(shí)間: 2025-3-30 10:35
The Resolution of Surface and Deep Structure Ambiguityds (over time) in linear strings, and the theory of Post languages shows how we can disambiguate it. Holographic dimensionality can explain why the move from two dimensions to three (and four) enables deep structural ambiguity to occur, and do so more frequently with each added dimension.作者: 刀鋒 時(shí)間: 2025-3-30 13:06 作者: 惡意 時(shí)間: 2025-3-30 17:47
Preface,ade by adopting an evolutionary approach to epistemology and psychology in place of the static and pre-evolutionary approach of traditional justificationist philosophy. Epistemology is one of the life sciences, not a part of static philosophical “after the fact” reconstruction.作者: nostrum 時(shí)間: 2025-3-31 00:09 作者: Euphonious 時(shí)間: 2025-3-31 04:15
