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標(biāo)題: Titlebook: Enzymatic Reactions in Organic Media; A. M. P. Koskinen (Professor of Organic Chemistry) Book 1996 Chapman & Hall 1996 Resol.organic chemi [打印本頁(yè)]

作者: 到來(lái)    時(shí)間: 2025-3-21 16:07
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作者: Intervention    時(shí)間: 2025-3-21 21:01

作者: 施舍    時(shí)間: 2025-3-22 03:15
Fundamentals of non-aqueous enzymology,phobic substrates, ease of product and enzyme recovery, and reduced risk of microbial contamination of reactors. In order to take full advantage of these perceived benefits of non-aqueous enzymology, we must first understand the fundamental interaction between a solvent and an enzyme. The structural
作者: Foolproof    時(shí)間: 2025-3-22 06:17
https://doi.org/10.1007/b115016phobic substrates, ease of product and enzyme recovery, and reduced risk of microbial contamination of reactors. In order to take full advantage of these perceived benefits of non-aqueous enzymology, we must first understand the fundamental interaction between a solvent and an enzyme. The structural
作者: Introduction    時(shí)間: 2025-3-22 08:51

作者: 陰謀    時(shí)間: 2025-3-22 15:35

作者: 陰謀    時(shí)間: 2025-3-22 19:28
https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4615-9044-6condensation, where side chain protection-deprotection and racemization through carboxyl terminus activation by chemical methods are serious problems (4). One of the most successful examples of protease-catalyzed peptide segment condensation can be found in a semi-synthesis of insulin (5).
作者: 刺耳    時(shí)間: 2025-3-22 22:18
Regioselectivity of hydrolases in organic media, These findings further enlighten the versatility of lipases and proteases, enzymes able to interact with substrates that are structurally unrelated to their natural targets, triacylglicerides and proteins respectively.
作者: 啪心兒跳動(dòng)    時(shí)間: 2025-3-23 03:21
Peptide synthesis,condensation, where side chain protection-deprotection and racemization through carboxyl terminus activation by chemical methods are serious problems (4). One of the most successful examples of protease-catalyzed peptide segment condensation can be found in a semi-synthesis of insulin (5).
作者: Vital-Signs    時(shí)間: 2025-3-23 05:49
Modes of using enzymes in organic media,drophilic substances present in the aqueous phase while hydrophobic substrates and products mainly partition to the organic phase (Figure 2.1). In order for the bioconversion to occur, the substrates must be transferred to the enzyme in the aqueous phase. After the reaction, hydrophobic products are transferred back to the organic phase.
作者: 挑剔小責(zé)    時(shí)間: 2025-3-23 13:35
New enzymatic properties in organic media,aqueous media without focusing on the mechanistic aspects of this phenomenon (Oyama et al., 1981; Yokozeki et al., 1982). Not until a fundamental study of a large number of biocatalysts had been undertaken (see Klibanov, 1986, for a review) was enzymatic catalysis in non-aqueous media accepted and recognized as a general phenomenon.
作者: 牽索    時(shí)間: 2025-3-23 17:11
Productivity of enzymatic catalysis in non-aqueous media: New developments,es. Hence the region-and stereospecificity of enzymes and, in particular, the dependence of these characteristics on the reaction conditions and the reaction media employed have been actively investigated in the last few years (see other chapters of this book for an up-to-date review).
作者: gain631    時(shí)間: 2025-3-23 19:23
Book 1996ng matter, exemplified by the first examples of organic chemistry through the synthesis of urea from inorganic substances by Liebig, was accepted as the birth of organic chemistry, and thus also of organic synthesis. Although the early developments in organic synthesis closely followed the pursuit o
作者: kindred    時(shí)間: 2025-3-23 22:45
al of living matter, exemplified by the first examples of organic chemistry through the synthesis of urea from inorganic substances by Liebig, was accepted as the birth of organic chemistry, and thus also of organic synthesis. Although the early developments in organic synthesis closely followed the
作者: flammable    時(shí)間: 2025-3-24 05:16
https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4613-9898-1d as being very expensive, fragile catalysts that present substantial problems in handling and downstream processing, i.e. hardly the sort of reagent one would consider for use in industrial organic synthesis. Conventional wisdom also held that enzymes are very substrate- and reaction-specific (the one enzyme—one reaction—one substrate paradigm).
作者: 天真    時(shí)間: 2025-3-24 09:10
Large-scale enzymatic conversions in non-aqueous media,d as being very expensive, fragile catalysts that present substantial problems in handling and downstream processing, i.e. hardly the sort of reagent one would consider for use in industrial organic synthesis. Conventional wisdom also held that enzymes are very substrate- and reaction-specific (the one enzyme—one reaction—one substrate paradigm).
作者: 劇毒    時(shí)間: 2025-3-24 14:17

作者: BACLE    時(shí)間: 2025-3-24 16:45

作者: 疾馳    時(shí)間: 2025-3-24 20:27

作者: 跳脫衣舞的人    時(shí)間: 2025-3-24 23:50
https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4757-0103-6lars. The quest for more efficient, more specifically targeted drugs will place a growing demand on enantiopure materials. The rapid pace of development is evident from the fact that of the 95 best selling drugs in the USA in 1994, 36 single-isomer drugs were new chemical entities approved between 1990 and 1993.
作者: 中古    時(shí)間: 2025-3-25 05:43
https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4615-8231-1ossible in aqueous solution, enhanced stability, and altered selectivity, are convincingly documented. Furthermore, useful synthetic applications of nonaqueous biocatalysis are presented, including industrial applications and those moving toward that status.
作者: 坦白    時(shí)間: 2025-3-25 08:40
Enzymes in organic solvents: meeting the challenges,lars. The quest for more efficient, more specifically targeted drugs will place a growing demand on enantiopure materials. The rapid pace of development is evident from the fact that of the 95 best selling drugs in the USA in 1994, 36 single-isomer drugs were new chemical entities approved between 1990 and 1993.
作者: 有角    時(shí)間: 2025-3-25 12:10

作者: insert    時(shí)間: 2025-3-25 18:35
https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-011-0611-5Resol; organic chemistry; polymer; polymerization; synthesis
作者: 公共汽車(chē)    時(shí)間: 2025-3-25 21:10

作者: predict    時(shí)間: 2025-3-26 01:51

作者: Exuberance    時(shí)間: 2025-3-26 04:35

作者: Rodent    時(shí)間: 2025-3-26 11:55

作者: Mortal    時(shí)間: 2025-3-26 15:32

作者: Laconic    時(shí)間: 2025-3-26 20:39

作者: Banquet    時(shí)間: 2025-3-26 22:55
Bruce R. Barrett,Michael W. Kirsonof a moderate amount of organic solvent is a straightforward way to increase the solubility of hydrophobic substrates and thereby make the reaction feasible. Both water-miscible and water-immiscible solvents can be used. In the latter case, two-phase systems are obtained with the enzyme and other hy
作者: 幸福愉悅感    時(shí)間: 2025-3-27 04:54

作者: airborne    時(shí)間: 2025-3-27 08:40
Springer Proceedings in Physicsmes suspended in organic solvents was first observed almost 30 years ago (Dastoli et al., 1966) the research in this area had progressed to only a limited extent till the early 1980s. The first reports covered mostly hydrolytic enzymes and dealt primarily with applied aspects of biocatalysis in non-
作者: Gesture    時(shí)間: 2025-3-27 10:21

作者: 敲竹杠    時(shí)間: 2025-3-27 16:14

作者: FIG    時(shí)間: 2025-3-27 19:56
https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4613-9889-9n anhydrous organic solvent (.). Dry enzyme powder is insoluble in such a system, and consequently the biotransformation proceeds by heterogeneous catalysis. Polyethylene glycol (PEG)-modified enzymes are able to dissolve in organic solvents, making homogeneous catalysis feasible as well (., .).
作者: induct    時(shí)間: 2025-3-27 22:33

作者: nerve-sparing    時(shí)間: 2025-3-28 02:53

作者: 杠桿    時(shí)間: 2025-3-28 07:28
https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4613-9898-1d on the conventional wisdom that the use of enzymes is restricted to aqueous media and temperatures close to ambient. Moreover, enzymes were perceived as being very expensive, fragile catalysts that present substantial problems in handling and downstream processing, i.e. hardly the sort of reagent
作者: 逗它小傻瓜    時(shí)間: 2025-3-28 13:20

作者: 咽下    時(shí)間: 2025-3-28 17:31
Enzymes in organic solvents: meeting the challenges,n the drug market, where single-enantiomer drugs currently occupy a share of some 35 billion US dollars (1). Two-thirds of the world market of the top 25 selling drug wholesale final forms is covered by enantiopure compounds, and the sales are steadily growing at an average annual rate of nearly 7%
作者: Vasoconstrictor    時(shí)間: 2025-3-28 18:48
Modes of using enzymes in organic media,of a moderate amount of organic solvent is a straightforward way to increase the solubility of hydrophobic substrates and thereby make the reaction feasible. Both water-miscible and water-immiscible solvents can be used. In the latter case, two-phase systems are obtained with the enzyme and other hy
作者: Explicate    時(shí)間: 2025-3-29 00:29

作者: 施舍    時(shí)間: 2025-3-29 04:41
New enzymatic properties in organic media,mes suspended in organic solvents was first observed almost 30 years ago (Dastoli et al., 1966) the research in this area had progressed to only a limited extent till the early 1980s. The first reports covered mostly hydrolytic enzymes and dealt primarily with applied aspects of biocatalysis in non-
作者: Biofeedback    時(shí)間: 2025-3-29 07:43

作者: 航海太平洋    時(shí)間: 2025-3-29 14:01

作者: flavonoids    時(shí)間: 2025-3-29 19:15
Hydrolase-catalysed asymmetric and other transformations of synthetic interest,n anhydrous organic solvent (.). Dry enzyme powder is insoluble in such a system, and consequently the biotransformation proceeds by heterogeneous catalysis. Polyethylene glycol (PEG)-modified enzymes are able to dissolve in organic solvents, making homogeneous catalysis feasible as well (., .).
作者: 難管    時(shí)間: 2025-3-29 22:43
Peptide synthesis,d side-chain protection requirement, and the enzyme’s high chemo-, regio-, and enantiospecificity. For instance, Z-.-Asp-.-Phe-OMe, a precursor of an artificial sweetener aspartame, was synthesized from Z- . -Asp-OH and .-Phe-OMe in the presence of a protease (thermolysin) (3). A chemical condensati
作者: 結(jié)果    時(shí)間: 2025-3-30 03:46





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