標(biāo)題: Titlebook: Entities and Indices; M. J. Cresswell Book 1990 Kluwer Academic Publishers 1990 language.media.opera.quantifiers.time [打印本頁] 作者: Entangle 時間: 2025-3-21 19:20
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作者: 灰姑娘 時間: 2025-3-21 21:36
‘Actually’iour of what are known as ‘a(chǎn)ctually’ operators. There is now a rather substantial body of work on the logic and semantics of such operators (some of which I will briefly refer to on p.60–62), but although this chapter is in the same spirit it will not be my purpose to develop a logic of ‘a(chǎn)ctually’ o作者: BRAWL 時間: 2025-3-22 01:06 作者: 山崩 時間: 2025-3-22 06:36 作者: 翅膀拍動 時間: 2025-3-22 09:18
Possibilitiess, circumstances, situations, and, of course, possible worlds themselves; and they are united in that they are all used to articulate talk about what might have been, even if it is not actually so. In the last chapter I used possibilities as an illustration of entities of this kind, and argued that 作者: Heretical 時間: 2025-3-22 13:20 作者: Heretical 時間: 2025-3-22 20:10 作者: 暴行 時間: 2025-3-22 23:50
Modality and Supervenienceconcerned to say what they are. Nor will I. But it is important to be able to shew that you can’t object to the semantic use of possible worlds on the ground of their metaphysical status. In order to shew this I will produce a model in which possible worlds appear as constructions in a way which mig作者: arbovirus 時間: 2025-3-23 01:36 作者: concubine 時間: 2025-3-23 07:25
Generalized Quantifierst all that has been shewn is that sentential operators can mimic quantification, and not that they amount to genuine quantification. Equivalence proofs, they will rightly point out, do go both ways, and so Part I could equally be taken to shew that the apparent quantification over worlds is not genu作者: Repatriate 時間: 2025-3-23 10:05
Time and World Quantifiersreferred back to them by explicitly anaphoric phrases like ‘the first’, ‘the second’, and so on. So the next task is to integrate this way of referring to times and worlds with the multiply-indexed languages introduced in Chapters 3 and 13. The language ?, introduced in Chapter 13 is in fact a two-s作者: 不法行為 時間: 2025-3-23 17:32 作者: 幸福愉悅感 時間: 2025-3-23 19:00
0924-4662 our arrangements or that the solution to the problem required us to examine all the probable outcomes of our action. So it would seem that we speak as if in addition to eloeks, mountains, queens and grains of sand there are hitches, arrangements, solutions, probiems, and probable outcomes. It is no作者: 多余 時間: 2025-3-24 00:41 作者: Kidnap 時間: 2025-3-24 02:37
A History of Fertility in America,ll first sketch the view of anaphora presented in Chapter 10 of Cresswell 1988, and then shew how this treatment can be extended to deal with anaphoric reference to times and worlds. Anaphora in this chapter will be understood as able to apply over discourses comprising more than one sentence. Consider作者: 高興去去 時間: 2025-3-24 07:05 作者: exquisite 時間: 2025-3-24 13:43
https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-658-10503-7duals can also be given an indexical treatment using sentential operators. So if Part I can be used to shew that natural language does not quantify over possible worlds then Part III can be used to shew that it does not quantify over anything.作者: 歡樂東方 時間: 2025-3-24 15:35
Generalized Quantifiersduals can also be given an indexical treatment using sentential operators. So if Part I can be used to shew that natural language does not quantify over possible worlds then Part III can be used to shew that it does not quantify over anything.作者: 山崩 時間: 2025-3-24 19:34
Possibilist Quantificationfrequently held to be false on the ground that it assumes that exactly the same things exist in all possible worlds. For suppose that we are in world .. It may be that all the things which exist in . are φ in every world, but in a world . something which exists there but doesn’t exist in . is not φ.作者: 尊嚴 時間: 2025-3-25 01:13 作者: 受人支配 時間: 2025-3-25 05:39
Counterpart Theoryorcefully that some discussions have appeared to assume that counterpart theory, the view that although an individual exists in only one world yet it has counterparts which exist in others, is part and parcel of possible worlds semantics and stands or falls with it.作者: 外科醫(yī)生 時間: 2025-3-25 08:23 作者: Tracheotomy 時間: 2025-3-25 14:15 作者: 以煙熏消毒 時間: 2025-3-25 18:53
Book 1990gements or that the solution to the problem required us to examine all the probable outcomes of our action. So it would seem that we speak as if in addition to eloeks, mountains, queens and grains of sand there are hitches, arrangements, solutions, probiems, and probable outcomes. It is not immediat作者: obsession 時間: 2025-3-25 23:33 作者: 小卒 時間: 2025-3-26 02:21 作者: NEXUS 時間: 2025-3-26 07:34 作者: Bravura 時間: 2025-3-26 11:19 作者: 防止 時間: 2025-3-26 15:59
Transition, Reception and Modernismto shew that . worlds are not basic, or even perhaps not ‘ultimately real’, yet they can still be essential in semantics. The model which I shall produce preserves the formal similarity between times and worlds despite a clear difference in their metaphysical status.作者: PLE 時間: 2025-3-26 19:07 作者: 偶然 時間: 2025-3-26 23:33 作者: CYT 時間: 2025-3-27 03:58
Modality and Supervenienceto shew that . worlds are not basic, or even perhaps not ‘ultimately real’, yet they can still be essential in semantics. The model which I shall produce preserves the formal similarity between times and worlds despite a clear difference in their metaphysical status.作者: AIL 時間: 2025-3-27 05:49 作者: 吼叫 時間: 2025-3-27 13:23 作者: 一個攪動不安 時間: 2025-3-27 15:02 作者: Common-Migraine 時間: 2025-3-27 20:00 作者: deviate 時間: 2025-3-28 01:28 作者: obstinate 時間: 2025-3-28 03:04
Substitutional Quantificationply before substitutional quantification can be used for ontological economy, and I shall make similar points by describing first a bogus use of substitutional quantification in order to contrast it with a genuine use so that the case of worlds can then be looked at. The bogus use is this.作者: Lasting 時間: 2025-3-28 06:23 作者: BOOST 時間: 2025-3-28 12:16 作者: V洗浴 時間: 2025-3-28 15:08 作者: gene-therapy 時間: 2025-3-28 20:19
Chronische Krankheit und LebensstufenIn this chapter I will shew that a language with . and . whose sentences have as semantic values sets of world sequences, has the power of explicit quantification over worlds. If quantification is the appropriate indication of ontological commitment this will shew that natural language is committed to possible worlds.作者: 情感脆弱 時間: 2025-3-29 00:48 作者: 強所 時間: 2025-3-29 06:17
https://doi.org/10.1057/9781137008602Having seen that a propositional language of the kind described on pp.202–203 is rich enough to represent a language with generalized quantifiers, the question emerges of what it looks like when it does. More specifically does the fact that there is no explicit variable-binding enable it to get closer to the surface form of a natural language?作者: 運動的我 時間: 2025-3-29 08:09 作者: 安定 時間: 2025-3-29 15:25 作者: neurologist 時間: 2025-3-29 18:21
A Second-Order TreatmentIn Chapter 3 I advocated a multiple-indexing solution to the problem of formalizing.I mentioned that in some cases a scope solution is available.作者: Additive 時間: 2025-3-29 21:23
Quantifiers as Indexical OperatorsHaving seen that a propositional language of the kind described on pp.202–203 is rich enough to represent a language with generalized quantifiers, the question emerges of what it looks like when it does. More specifically does the fact that there is no explicit variable-binding enable it to get closer to the surface form of a natural language?作者: Decrepit 時間: 2025-3-30 02:26 作者: Hemiplegia 時間: 2025-3-30 07:33
https://doi.org/10.1057/9781403907714iour of what are known as ‘a(chǎn)ctually’ operators. There is now a rather substantial body of work on the logic and semantics of such operators (some of which I will briefly refer to on p.60–62), but although this chapter is in the same spirit it will not be my purpose to develop a logic of ‘a(chǎn)ctually’ o作者: ANTE 時間: 2025-3-30 09:32
https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-15-4316-6some world .. So the relation, in a possible-worlds framework, can be thought of as a function which associates any pair 〈.〉 of individuals with the set of 〈.〉 pairs such that . kicks . at . in . (or alternatively as a function which associates with each world-time pair the set of pairs of which the作者: 暫時休息 時間: 2025-3-30 14:33 作者: Asymptomatic 時間: 2025-3-30 18:06
Emotion and the Transition to Adulthood,s, circumstances, situations, and, of course, possible worlds themselves; and they are united in that they are all used to articulate talk about what might have been, even if it is not actually so. In the last chapter I used possibilities as an illustration of entities of this kind, and argued that 作者: 誤傳 時間: 2025-3-30 23:34 作者: anthesis 時間: 2025-3-31 00:53 作者: 運動性 時間: 2025-3-31 06:52 作者: 向宇宙 時間: 2025-3-31 11:38
Transition-Age Youth Mental Health Care world. Yet David Lewis’s view (beginning in Lewis 1968) that an individual cannot exist in more than one world has been put forward so cogently and forcefully that some discussions have appeared to assume that counterpart theory, the view that although an individual exists in only one world yet it 作者: 貪心 時間: 2025-3-31 15:31 作者: 脖子 時間: 2025-3-31 20:01
Transitional Justice and the Tensions,referred back to them by explicitly anaphoric phrases like ‘the first’, ‘the second’, and so on. So the next task is to integrate this way of referring to times and worlds with the multiply-indexed languages introduced in Chapters 3 and 13. The language ?, introduced in Chapter 13 is in fact a two-s作者: 值得 時間: 2025-4-1 00:28
,übergang vom Primar- zum Sekundarbereich,ything at all. On p.218 I suggested that τ(0) might be used as a speaker index;. and worlds, times and speakers certainly provide a central element in accordance with which the truth or falsity of a sentence may be determined. But it was recognized long ago that sentences depend on context in many w
