作者: 后退 時(shí)間: 2025-3-21 22:36 作者: 女上癮 時(shí)間: 2025-3-22 03:15 作者: adipose-tissue 時(shí)間: 2025-3-22 06:34 作者: Between 時(shí)間: 2025-3-22 10:12 作者: 擴(kuò)張 時(shí)間: 2025-3-22 13:36
Einar Thorsen,Daniel Jackson,Ann LuceWiesner moved his studies into the field, he had to adapt to entirely new conditions. The questions emerging from these studies ultimately demanded a different set of methodological principles and control strategies—so different the essay argues, that Wiesner helped to found a new sub-discipline: the “Biology of Plants”.作者: 擴(kuò)張 時(shí)間: 2025-3-22 18:13
,Controlling Induction: Practices and Reflections in David Brewster’s Optical Studies,l traditions. Second, the ways experimental control was practiced and reflected in historical cases are related to specific epistemic goals. Third, in nineteenth-century experimental optics, at least two different traditions of experimental control and rigor were intertwined, which gave rise to most remarkable optical achievements.作者: 現(xiàn)暈光 時(shí)間: 2025-3-22 21:57
Carl Stumpf and Control Groups, either with or without previous knowledge about chosen sounds under scrutiny. The chapter uses Stumpf’s own notion of “practical epistemology” to align his experimental practice with his parallel elaborations of Brentanian logic.作者: Recessive 時(shí)間: 2025-3-23 02:23
Controlling Nature in the Lab and Beyond: Methodological Predicaments in Nineteenth-Century Botany,Wiesner moved his studies into the field, he had to adapt to entirely new conditions. The questions emerging from these studies ultimately demanded a different set of methodological principles and control strategies—so different the essay argues, that Wiesner helped to found a new sub-discipline: the “Biology of Plants”.作者: 牛的細(xì)微差別 時(shí)間: 2025-3-23 06:33
https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-33712-4f its methodological issues, but rather to point at methodological ideas as they emerge from the actors’ strategies and practices. Eventually, psychical research allows to investigate such methodologies all while acknowledging that their framing happens on the backdrop of religious, social and institutional concerns.作者: 果核 時(shí)間: 2025-3-23 10:45
,A “Careful Examination of All Kind of Phenomena”: Methodology and Psychical Research at the End of f its methodological issues, but rather to point at methodological ideas as they emerge from the actors’ strategies and practices. Eventually, psychical research allows to investigate such methodologies all while acknowledging that their framing happens on the backdrop of religious, social and institutional concerns.作者: nocturia 時(shí)間: 2025-3-23 16:38 作者: remission 時(shí)間: 2025-3-23 19:19
,Controlling Animals: Carl von He?, Karl von Frisch, and the Study of Color Vision in Fish,oblems of experimental control: in studying sensory abilities, it is impossible to directly determine the content of perception. In this sense, these experimental results are, in principle, difficult to control.作者: 違抗 時(shí)間: 2025-3-23 23:17 作者: acquisition 時(shí)間: 2025-3-24 03:43
Introduction: Practices, Strategies, and Methodologies of Experimental Control in Historical Perspeces to stabilize and standardize experimental conditions. The second is the emergence and career of the comparative design in experimentation, understood as a way of generating and securing knowledge of cause-effect relations. The third involves the unfolding, both in philosophy of science and in th作者: FLINT 時(shí)間: 2025-3-24 08:10 作者: aggressor 時(shí)間: 2025-3-24 14:10 作者: 膝蓋 時(shí)間: 2025-3-24 15:58
,Controlling Induction: Practices and Reflections in David Brewster’s Optical Studies,n both conceived and practiced as more or less rigorous and more or less strictly controlled in its various steps. Rigor and control might appear on many levels, such as conceiving and performing the experiment or drawing conclusions from its outcomes. They secure or enhance the reliability of the i作者: 濃縮 時(shí)間: 2025-3-24 23:02 作者: abracadabra 時(shí)間: 2025-3-25 00:15
,A “Careful Examination of All Kind of Phenomena”: Methodology and Psychical Research at the End of teria for data collection and interpretation? In this paper, I explore this question with the help of three historical cases: (1) Michael Faraday’s 1853, experiments on table turning, (2) Robert Hare’s . (1855), and (3) the later attempts at analysing telepathic phenomena statistically, as it was th作者: 油氈 時(shí)間: 2025-3-25 05:01 作者: 障礙 時(shí)間: 2025-3-25 10:51
Controlling the Unobservable: Experimental Strategies and Hypotheses in Discovering the Causal Origphenomenon of Brownian movement. It argues that there was an extensive and sophisticated experimental work done on the phenomenon throughout the nineteenth century. Investigators followed as rigorously as possible the methodological standards of their time to make causal claims and advance causal ex作者: 河流 時(shí)間: 2025-3-25 13:22 作者: 期滿(mǎn) 時(shí)間: 2025-3-25 18:51
Controlling Away the Phenomenon: Maze Research and the Nature of Learning,successive stabilization or removal of bits and scraps of the world to arrive at the pure form of a phenomenon of interest. Early behaviorist investigation of maze learning aimed to strip environmental cues from maze design to study context-free learning. Exemplifying this tendency is the famous 190作者: MENT 時(shí)間: 2025-3-25 22:45
,Controlling Animals: Carl von He?, Karl von Frisch, and the Study of Color Vision in Fish,l are involved in their experiments. I then address a rarely discussed issue—the fact that, in these experiments and many others, the animals must be stimulated in order to actively participate. I thus distinguish between two types of control, . and .. Finally, I make a point that goes beyond the pr作者: 釋放 時(shí)間: 2025-3-26 00:11
https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-52954-2Control experiment; History of experimental practice; History of life sciences; History of physical sci作者: ECG769 時(shí)間: 2025-3-26 05:27
Jutta Schickore,William R. NewmanProvides a unique treatment of the historical development of control experiments.Analyzes scientists‘ methodological ideas.Exemplifies collaborative long-term history (focused case studies to trace lo作者: allude 時(shí)間: 2025-3-26 11:23 作者: Intruder 時(shí)間: 2025-3-26 13:02 作者: 不再流行 時(shí)間: 2025-3-26 16:50 作者: pacifist 時(shí)間: 2025-3-27 00:54
Judith Lohner,Irene Neverla,Sandra Banjacces to stabilize and standardize experimental conditions. The second is the emergence and career of the comparative design in experimentation, understood as a way of generating and securing knowledge of cause-effect relations. The third involves the unfolding, both in philosophy of science and in th作者: Obscure 時(shí)間: 2025-3-27 04:35 作者: 性上癮 時(shí)間: 2025-3-27 08:15 作者: 正面 時(shí)間: 2025-3-27 12:16
Conclusion: Looking Forward, Looking Back,n both conceived and practiced as more or less rigorous and more or less strictly controlled in its various steps. Rigor and control might appear on many levels, such as conceiving and performing the experiment or drawing conclusions from its outcomes. They secure or enhance the reliability of the i作者: HIKE 時(shí)間: 2025-3-27 14:42
Marketing and Public Relations,populations and applying statistics to these. This chapter proposes an additional lineage in the reduction of variation among the members of two paired groups in philosopher Carl Stumpf’s experimental psychology. His method of comparing the conditions of judgment in these groups is traced to three s作者: 松馳 時(shí)間: 2025-3-27 19:47 作者: EVADE 時(shí)間: 2025-3-28 01:18
Einar Thorsen,Daniel Jackson,Ann Lucement of new methodological principles. Many botanists were deeply concerned with making observations accurate, experimental design meaningful, and inferences safe—in other words, they struggled to define “control strategies” and implement “control practices.” This essay specifically examines the wor作者: CHARM 時(shí)間: 2025-3-28 04:43
Einar Thorsen,Heather Savigny,Daniel Jacksonphenomenon of Brownian movement. It argues that there was an extensive and sophisticated experimental work done on the phenomenon throughout the nineteenth century. Investigators followed as rigorously as possible the methodological standards of their time to make causal claims and advance causal ex作者: 縮短 時(shí)間: 2025-3-28 09:14
https://doi.org/10.1057/9780230622135 and in contrast to mathematicians, physicists could proceed in their investigations without seeking absolute rigor. In his experimental practice, pursuing rigor involved the application of control strategies, which pervaded his work at various levels. Moreover, experimental control had various aims作者: 惰性氣體 時(shí)間: 2025-3-28 12:31 作者: 一條卷發(fā) 時(shí)間: 2025-3-28 17:34 作者: 解脫 時(shí)間: 2025-3-28 19:28 作者: 專(zhuān)橫 時(shí)間: 2025-3-29 01:27
https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-56642-9nt should include, or how often it should be repeated to ensure a reliable conclusion. By the late 1780s, the question of electricity’s effect on plant growth was far from resolved. Rather,?the controversy became emblematic of the difficulty of conducting well-controlled, conclusive experiments.作者: bronchiole 時(shí)間: 2025-3-29 05:25
Einar Thorsen,Heather Savigny,Daniel Jacksonsively on the ability of experiments to identify difference-making factors, its proponents tried to show how the independently developed tenets of the new kinetic-molecular conception of matter provided a plausible causal explanation of Brownian movement. Each one of these methodological strategies
