標(biāo)題: Titlebook: Electoral Strategies and Political Marketing; Shaun Bowler (Assistant Professor),David M. Farrel Book 1992 Palgrave Macmillan, a division [打印本頁] 作者: 胃口 時(shí)間: 2025-3-21 17:36
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作者: CRP743 時(shí)間: 2025-3-21 21:53 作者: magnanimity 時(shí)間: 2025-3-22 01:36
Finland: The 1991 Campaign,n of proportional voting and a complex cleavage structure has encouraged candidates to stress consistent party appeals. In the original list system which was used in parliamentary elections the voters had to choose between candidate lists (one list included a maximum of two candidates and one deputy作者: CODA 時(shí)間: 2025-3-22 08:14 作者: neologism 時(shí)間: 2025-3-22 12:16 作者: 劇本 時(shí)間: 2025-3-22 16:09
Griechisch-r?mische Kom?die und Trag?die IIIhe short-term and the ephemeral, rather than the underlying process to any campaign. They necessarily stress the unique rather than the general and as such promote the view of campaigns and campaigning as behaviour specific to each election, indeed to each party.作者: 劇本 時(shí)間: 2025-3-22 19:33 作者: 江湖郎中 時(shí)間: 2025-3-22 21:13
https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-476-05038-0d on the basis of DM5 per person entitled to vote (von Arnim, 1991). In addition, parties are entitled to broadcast a small number of unpaid campaign spots on both public TV stations. In 1990, for the first time, paid broadcasting on the newly established private television stations played an import作者: 注意 時(shí)間: 2025-3-23 04:14
https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-94415-4ing class versus urban business and rural farming interests) have historically served to delineate support for the two major parties, Labour and National. It has also promoted two-party government/opposition electoral contests for power, whilst stifling any significant longevity for the occasional s作者: 描繪 時(shí)間: 2025-3-23 05:36 作者: 流浪者 時(shí)間: 2025-3-23 11:23
France: The 1988 Presidential Campaign, per cent to Jacques Chirac’s 45.98 per cent. The 1988 campaign took place, as do all campaigns, in the context of a national political system, consisting of four key components: the constitutional system, the party system, the electoral system and the campaign system.作者: Notify 時(shí)間: 2025-3-23 15:22 作者: oracle 時(shí)間: 2025-3-23 18:26
Book 1992itten by national experts and are based on detailed interviewing and research of the parties. The book includes a lengthy introduction; a comparative study on campaign ‘effects‘; and a detailed conclusion.作者: BABY 時(shí)間: 2025-3-23 23:47
2947-0021 rk, are written by national experts and are based on detailed interviewing and research of the parties. The book includes a lengthy introduction; a comparative study on campaign ‘effects‘; and a detailed conclusion.978-1-349-22411-1Series ISSN 2947-0021 Series E-ISSN 2947-003X 作者: Glucose 時(shí)間: 2025-3-24 03:45 作者: 恃強(qiáng)凌弱的人 時(shí)間: 2025-3-24 10:22
https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-476-04271-2 style towards the more complex pattern of coalitional competition found in many parts of continental Europe. However, in June 1987 the essentially trilateral election campaign (in England and Wales) was as adversarial as any of its predecessors; in this respect the mould remained unbroken.作者: Externalize 時(shí)間: 2025-3-24 14:15
Die Stadt, die alte und die neueards each other is highly correct and positive; personal attacks on politicians are few and far between, and negative campaigning is non-existent. Compared with many other countries and when seen through the eyes of foreigners observers, election campaigns in the Netherlands are dull, as are Dutch politics in general.作者: gruelling 時(shí)間: 2025-3-24 18:14
https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-662-39953-8sers pay a great deal of attention to the way voter attitudes and allegiances shift in response to campaign themes. The study of this interaction between voters and campaigns is, however, much less developed than other branches of the voting studies literature.作者: 男生如果明白 時(shí)間: 2025-3-24 20:41
Britain: The 1987 Campaign, style towards the more complex pattern of coalitional competition found in many parts of continental Europe. However, in June 1987 the essentially trilateral election campaign (in England and Wales) was as adversarial as any of its predecessors; in this respect the mould remained unbroken.作者: gnarled 時(shí)間: 2025-3-25 00:01 作者: 商談 時(shí)間: 2025-3-25 05:17 作者: 絆住 時(shí)間: 2025-3-25 10:46
Book 1992election campaigns. Examining recent elections in nine countries across three continents, there case studies, all following a common framework, are written by national experts and are based on detailed interviewing and research of the parties. The book includes a lengthy introduction; a comparative 作者: GRILL 時(shí)間: 2025-3-25 12:58
2947-0021 age their election campaigns. Examining recent elections in nine countries across three continents, there case studies, all following a common framework, are written by national experts and are based on detailed interviewing and research of the parties. The book includes a lengthy introduction; a co作者: 主動(dòng) 時(shí)間: 2025-3-25 18:06
Ernst Lotz,Emil Kroymann,Wilhelm Sandmannss than two decades! The election took place on 12 December resulting in the formation of yet another non-socialist minority coalition government. This was the third election in a row (1987, 1988 and 1990) where despite a drop in voter support (and seats) the government remained in office.作者: unstable-angina 時(shí)間: 2025-3-25 22:47 作者: epicardium 時(shí)間: 2025-3-26 00:27
https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-94296-9taching such importance to campaigns. As was shown (p. 220), the party’s campaign can lead to the ‘changing [of] a previously held opinion. In many more cases it can mean a voter forming an opinion on an issue, perhaps for the first time.’作者: Meditate 時(shí)間: 2025-3-26 07:32 作者: 表狀態(tài) 時(shí)間: 2025-3-26 08:30
The Study of Election Campaigning,al result and on societal and long-term political factors influencing that result. The election campaign — the event of great interest, which has at least some role to play in affecting the result — is usually passed over or at most receives minimal attention. It is generally left to the journalists作者: blithe 時(shí)間: 2025-3-26 14:57 作者: tinnitus 時(shí)間: 2025-3-26 17:59 作者: 異端邪說下 時(shí)間: 2025-3-27 00:56 作者: 沒有希望 時(shí)間: 2025-3-27 02:49 作者: Champion 時(shí)間: 2025-3-27 09:06
France: The 1988 Presidential Campaign,e one of two candidates in the run-off election, his final victory was far from certain. In the end his margin of victory was relatively strong: 54.01 per cent to Jacques Chirac’s 45.98 per cent. The 1988 campaign took place, as do all campaigns, in the context of a national political system, consis作者: 并排上下 時(shí)間: 2025-3-27 12:33
Germany: The 1990 All-German Election Campaign,circumstances, it was a substantially changed nation that went to the polls on 2 December 1990. The population of the Federal Republic had grown by some 16 millions; it suddenly had a common border with Poland and was granted full sovereignty by the Allied Powers of the Second World War. Despite the作者: Anemia 時(shí)間: 2025-3-27 17:16
The Netherlands: The 1989 Campaign,freedom in the way they conduct their campaigns. Moreover, the financing of election campaigns is not subject to external guidelines. However, in few countries do parties voluntarily impose so many restrictions upon their campaign activities as in the Netherlands. Election campaigns are very inexpen作者: 里程碑 時(shí)間: 2025-3-27 20:38 作者: 內(nèi)向者 時(shí)間: 2025-3-27 22:45
The Informed Electorate? Voter Responsiveness to Campaigns in Britain and Germany,1990; Budge and Farlie, 1983a; Budge and Farlie, 1983b). This separation of voting and party behaviour is particularly striking in the terms of the academic literature on the impact of campaigning. Campaigns seek to mobilise and/or persuade voters, yet relatively little work has been done in establi作者: chalice 時(shí)間: 2025-3-28 04:47
Conclusion: The Contemporary Election Campaign,s and different parties take their campaigns very seriously indeed. The evidence presented in Chapter 11 suggests the parties have good reasons for attaching such importance to campaigns. As was shown (p. 220), the party’s campaign can lead to the ‘changing [of] a previously held opinion. In many mo作者: 凝結(jié)劑 時(shí)間: 2025-3-28 09:51 作者: 的染料 時(shí)間: 2025-3-28 12:48
Electoral Strategies and Political Marketing978-1-349-22411-1Series ISSN 2947-0021 Series E-ISSN 2947-003X 作者: Hay-Fever 時(shí)間: 2025-3-28 17:08
https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-349-22411-1campaign; Campaigning; democracy; election; election campaign; election campaigns; elections; Electoral; Ele作者: 鋼盔 時(shí)間: 2025-3-28 21:35 作者: 可行 時(shí)間: 2025-3-28 23:24
Griechisch-r?mische Kom?die und Trag?diethe decline of party identifiers, the increase in late deciders and personality voters. One of the consequences of these developments has been the increased importance of election campaigns: unlike in previous decades it is now possible to shift the views of relatively large proportions of the elect作者: BIAS 時(shí)間: 2025-3-29 06:43
https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-476-04271-2 political force other than Labour or the Conservatives returned more than one quarter of the vote cast and threatened to break into the citadel of major party supremacy. Since the 1970s the Nationalists had managed to ensure that two-party domination was broken in Scotland, but the emergence of the作者: cravat 時(shí)間: 2025-3-29 11:12
Ernst Lotz,Emil Kroymann,Wilhelm Sandmann called a general election to the Folketing, the Danish unicameral parliament. The Danes could thus look forward to their tenth general election in less than two decades! The election took place on 12 December resulting in the formation of yet another non-socialist minority coalition government. Thi作者: 太空 時(shí)間: 2025-3-29 13:35
https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-94414-7ection and with what result. The discussion stems from an institutional framework in which laws and regulations are seen to have an essential impact on how parties run their campaigns. Of course, campaigning in Finland follows the general trend of change caused by the increasing role of modern mass 作者: 夜晚 時(shí)間: 2025-3-29 18:39
https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-48555-8e one of two candidates in the run-off election, his final victory was far from certain. In the end his margin of victory was relatively strong: 54.01 per cent to Jacques Chirac’s 45.98 per cent. The 1988 campaign took place, as do all campaigns, in the context of a national political system, consis作者: Intact 時(shí)間: 2025-3-29 19:52
https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-476-05038-0circumstances, it was a substantially changed nation that went to the polls on 2 December 1990. The population of the Federal Republic had grown by some 16 millions; it suddenly had a common border with Poland and was granted full sovereignty by the Allied Powers of the Second World War. Despite the作者: 谷類 時(shí)間: 2025-3-30 00:34
Die Stadt, die alte und die neuefreedom in the way they conduct their campaigns. Moreover, the financing of election campaigns is not subject to external guidelines. However, in few countries do parties voluntarily impose so many restrictions upon their campaign activities as in the Netherlands. Election campaigns are very inexpen
