標題: Titlebook: Economic Challenges of Pension Systems; A Sustainability and Marta Peris-Ortiz,José álvarez-García,Pierre Devol Book 2020 Springer Nature S [打印本頁] 作者: 有判斷力 時間: 2025-3-21 19:13
書目名稱Economic Challenges of Pension Systems影響因子(影響力)
書目名稱Economic Challenges of Pension Systems影響因子(影響力)學科排名
書目名稱Economic Challenges of Pension Systems網絡公開度
書目名稱Economic Challenges of Pension Systems網絡公開度學科排名
書目名稱Economic Challenges of Pension Systems被引頻次
書目名稱Economic Challenges of Pension Systems被引頻次學科排名
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書目名稱Economic Challenges of Pension Systems年度引用學科排名
書目名稱Economic Challenges of Pension Systems讀者反饋
書目名稱Economic Challenges of Pension Systems讀者反饋學科排名
作者: concise 時間: 2025-3-21 21:43 作者: boisterous 時間: 2025-3-22 02:38
Injuries to Teeth and Supporting Structures,d parameters and the condition of labour markets. This question seems to be crucial for policymakers, especially in countries refraining from a systematic increase in the retirement age or that are even planning to decrease it. The method employed to analyse empirical data is mainly based on selecte作者: dagger 時間: 2025-3-22 07:48 作者: 悶熱 時間: 2025-3-22 10:29
https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-44681-9ation. Therefore, reconciling the objectives of sustainability and adequacy is a priority challenge for pension policymakers in the coming years. Because of that, the aim of this chapter is to explore the concept of adequacy, different means of its measurement, the indicators used in cross-country s作者: Obverse 時間: 2025-3-22 14:01 作者: Obverse 時間: 2025-3-22 20:21
The Oral Microbiome Bank of China,raphic and economic factors affecting the stability of the Algerian retirement system in order to show their long-run effect. As a result, we found that it will be impossible to keep the retirement sustainability within its current design. The accelerating aging process imposes to undertake heavy re作者: ONYM 時間: 2025-3-22 22:12 作者: 蠟燭 時間: 2025-3-23 05:06
Public Pension Systems: Bibliometric Study of Academic Publications in Scientific Journals,erms of scope, data volume and coverage policies, the documents and the results of their analysis are in many aspects similar with Scopus having greater coverage in the specific area of . by collecting more journals, papers and signatures.作者: 描述 時間: 2025-3-23 08:30 作者: clarify 時間: 2025-3-23 15:52 作者: microscopic 時間: 2025-3-23 21:02 作者: 運氣 時間: 2025-3-24 01:29
Longevity Insurance Benefits for Social Security: International Experience, insurance benefit as part of public pensions could be an important policy in particular because this benefit is generally not provided by the private sector. These annuities would benefit some older retirees, particularly in countries with modest public pension benefits, but the private sector has 作者: staging 時間: 2025-3-24 04:25 作者: Palter 時間: 2025-3-24 08:58 作者: Keshan-disease 時間: 2025-3-24 13:54 作者: Proponent 時間: 2025-3-24 15:52 作者: 無力更進 時間: 2025-3-24 21:11 作者: Isthmus 時間: 2025-3-25 00:10
Pensions, Economic Growth and Welfare in Advanced Economies, their effects on savings, capital accumulation, labour supply, economic growth and inequality and the potential benefits of mixed systems in which a PAYG system with notional accounts is complemented by a funded pensions system. The main findings are as follows. Firstly, the redistribution of incom作者: Rejuvenate 時間: 2025-3-25 06:35
Pension Systems and Labour Market Participation in European Countries,ts main parameters. An important perspective of the assessment of the financial sustainability of a pension system is the division of current GDP among generations. This results from the macroeconomic rules that determine the pension system functioning. The main factor affecting the sustainability a作者: Corroborate 時間: 2025-3-25 09:53 作者: minimal 時間: 2025-3-25 13:46
Equity of Public Pension System, with the aim of using the terms in a proper manner. More specifically, we have observed at least five meanings for the notion of fairness when applying to a pension system: justice, equity, neutrality, solidarity and integrity. We explain each sense of fairness and other related concepts. We also p作者: follicular-unit 時間: 2025-3-25 19:04
Adequacy of Public Pension Systems,ain challenges for governments and policymakers is to enable people to smooth consumption over the life cycle in an appropriate scale. This implies that pensions must be sufficient to prevent poverty and social exclusion, or even to provide enough income allowing to maintain the previous standard of作者: neologism 時間: 2025-3-25 23:05
Longevity Insurance Benefits for Social Security: International Experience,ed. In high-income countries, that would mean that these annuities would start for people in their early 80s, but when social security programs were starting in many countries, the age at which longevity insurance annuities would start was substantially younger. Originally, public pension programs i作者: 駕駛 時間: 2025-3-26 03:57 作者: FLEET 時間: 2025-3-26 07:53 作者: commonsense 時間: 2025-3-26 09:37 作者: 貨物 時間: 2025-3-26 13:36 作者: concentrate 時間: 2025-3-26 19:53 作者: WATER 時間: 2025-3-26 21:21 作者: DUCE 時間: 2025-3-27 02:11 作者: arthroscopy 時間: 2025-3-27 05:35 作者: ligature 時間: 2025-3-27 12:48 作者: 傲慢人 時間: 2025-3-27 15:06
Critical Issues of Public Pension System: The Italian Case,ffecting those schemes have been analysed. A possible solution to reduce demographic risk impact is presented, that is the introduction of a funded component to balance the PAYG part when the ratio of contributors-pensioners is decreasing. A cost-benefit analysis is presented in order to verify how 作者: 下船 時間: 2025-3-27 18:52 作者: Dendritic-Cells 時間: 2025-3-27 23:51
http://image.papertrans.cn/e/image/301510.jpg作者: originality 時間: 2025-3-28 04:55 作者: misanthrope 時間: 2025-3-28 06:25
https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-66757-7ction in fertility rates and the increase in longevity have a direct impact on the sustainability of public pensions, especially in defined-benefit schemes. The study of longer life expectancy requires an analysis of its effects on specific issues such as pension adequacy (both contributory and non-作者: crucial 時間: 2025-3-28 14:00 作者: FLIP 時間: 2025-3-28 15:25 作者: intercede 時間: 2025-3-28 20:35
Injuries to Teeth and Supporting Structures,ts main parameters. An important perspective of the assessment of the financial sustainability of a pension system is the division of current GDP among generations. This results from the macroeconomic rules that determine the pension system functioning. The main factor affecting the sustainability a作者: FRONT 時間: 2025-3-29 02:56
Tissue Expansion for Craniofacial Defectssh between defined contribution and defined benefit systems, due to the various implications that each of them has. It will also be necessary to review the different types of sustainability instruments, for example, those based on cash criteria, financial criteria set by the economic cycle and actua作者: 存在主義 時間: 2025-3-29 06:26
Constantine P. Karakousis MD, PhD, FACS with the aim of using the terms in a proper manner. More specifically, we have observed at least five meanings for the notion of fairness when applying to a pension system: justice, equity, neutrality, solidarity and integrity. We explain each sense of fairness and other related concepts. We also p作者: 河流 時間: 2025-3-29 10:07 作者: 勾引 時間: 2025-3-29 15:24 作者: capillaries 時間: 2025-3-29 16:11 作者: Diskectomy 時間: 2025-3-29 23:25
https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-46792-0 changes are the so-called notional defined contribution pension schemes (NDCs), first developed about 20 years ago in countries such as Italy, Latvia, Poland and Sweden. These pension schemes attempt to reproduce the logic of a financial defined contribution pension plan within a pay-as-you-go fram作者: 匍匐前進 時間: 2025-3-30 03:30 作者: lattice 時間: 2025-3-30 04:16 作者: 碳水化合物 時間: 2025-3-30 08:17 作者: acclimate 時間: 2025-3-30 15:11
Denise S. Kim,Remy R. Lobo,Alon Kahana, ABMs can be defined as a set of pre-determined measures established by law to be applied immediately as required according to an indicator that reflects the financial health of the system. The purpose of ABMs is, through successive application, to restore the sustainability of the pay-as-you-go pe作者: padding 時間: 2025-3-30 19:22
Anophthalmia and Microphthalmia,ver, achieving a structural budget balance (i.e. long-run equality between income and expenditure) may result in a decrease in the replacement rate or in the percentage that the pension represents of the last salary. The development of complementary pension schemes, both occupational and personal, i作者: Perineum 時間: 2025-3-31 00:32
https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-84628-316-1 With the use of Markov-switching models, we found that the historical prices and performance of the SIEFOREs can be modeled with a two-regime geometric Brownian motion stochastic process, and we found that the conventional net-return index measured by CONSAR (the official authority in the pension s作者: 闖入 時間: 2025-3-31 01:07 作者: alleviate 時間: 2025-3-31 05:56
Lateral Distal Approach to the Femurffecting those schemes have been analysed. A possible solution to reduce demographic risk impact is presented, that is the introduction of a funded component to balance the PAYG part when the ratio of contributors-pensioners is decreasing. A cost-benefit analysis is presented in order to verify how 作者: LAIR 時間: 2025-3-31 10:34 作者: 做方舟 時間: 2025-3-31 13:57 作者: Communicate 時間: 2025-3-31 19:58 作者: Range-Of-Motion 時間: 2025-4-1 00:52 作者: 售穴 時間: 2025-4-1 02:18
Book 2020 relations, and risk sharing. The issue of public pensions occupies the political and economic agendas of many major governments in the world. International organizations such as the World Bank and the OECD warn that the economic changes driven by an aging society negatively affects the sustainabili作者: 的事物 時間: 2025-4-1 07:16
ability and adequacy.Features case studies and sustainabilit.This book examines the major economic challenges associated with the sustainability of public pensions, specifically demographic change, labor-market relations, and risk sharing. The issue of public pensions occupies the political and econ作者: TOXIN 時間: 2025-4-1 10:10
Constantine P. Karakousis MD, PhD, FACSng to a pension system: justice, equity, neutrality, solidarity and integrity. We explain each sense of fairness and other related concepts. We also provide, when possible, a way to measure each of them, with some figures for a selected European countries.作者: PLIC 時間: 2025-4-1 17:55 作者: Panther 時間: 2025-4-1 22:03
https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-57132-9n “emergency mode” (Turner, Social security financing: Automatic adjustments to restore solvency, Washington, DC: AARP Public Policy Institute, 2009), in October 2015. We detail this agreement and show how it restores medium term balance and enacts the principles of sustainable governance.作者: 蛤肉 時間: 2025-4-2 02:24
https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-662-48122-6ting or expanding non-contributory pillars, increasing coverage, improving competition, and strengthening financial equilibrium, albeit with substantial differences between the countries. In this chapter, we review the implemented re-reforms, as well as those under discussion, and extract useful lesson for the region and the world.作者: crumble 時間: 2025-4-2 04:30
