Algebraic Structures, particular types of algebras such as semigroups, groups, rings, fields, lattices, Boolean algebra, implicative algebra etc. Basic notions of these will be explained and exemplified in the present account.
作者: 要控制 時(shí)間: 2025-3-25 05:29
Decidability,idable property of natural numbers and the relation of divisibility between natural numbers is decidable. In general, a property . is decidable iff the class of questions “Does . have the property .?”(for all . from a given domain) is decidable. The definition is analogous for relations.
作者: Hiatal-Hernia 時(shí)間: 2025-3-25 09:34
Deduction Theorem,ki and, independently, by Jacques Herbrand, but published not earlier than 1930. The term deduction theorem is due to David Hilbert (Hilbert and Bernays .). There is a series of publications concerning the deduction theorem, the conditions it satisfies, its generalizations, and its modifications valid in certain nonclassical logical systems.
作者: 發(fā)微光 時(shí)間: 2025-3-25 15:22
作者: 愚笨 時(shí)間: 2025-3-25 18:53
https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-54945-8The word ‘a(chǎn)rithmetic’ is usually understood to denote a theory dealing with some kind of numbers (natural numbers, real numbers, cardinal numbers and so on).
作者: Bouquet 時(shí)間: 2025-3-25 23:45
作者: engrossed 時(shí)間: 2025-3-26 01:40
Birgitta Kolte,Henning Schmidt-SemischFinite automata theory is a branch of mathematical foundations of computer science. It is also useful for the engineer interested in discrete systems.
作者: Receive 時(shí)間: 2025-3-26 07:56
Grenzbeschlagnahme nach nationalem Recht. is an operation sending any set of propositional formulae to the set of all propositional formulae derivable from it by means of some fixed rules of inference. Thus the notion of the rule of inference is the most important component in the definition of the consequence operation.
作者: commonsense 時(shí)間: 2025-3-26 10:59
作者: 不能妥協(xié) 時(shí)間: 2025-3-26 14:24
作者: Harpoon 時(shí)間: 2025-3-26 17:39
Arithmetic,The word ‘a(chǎn)rithmetic’ is usually understood to denote a theory dealing with some kind of numbers (natural numbers, real numbers, cardinal numbers and so on).
作者: 字謎游戲 時(shí)間: 2025-3-26 23:59
作者: exostosis 時(shí)間: 2025-3-27 03:48
Automata, Finite,Finite automata theory is a branch of mathematical foundations of computer science. It is also useful for the engineer interested in discrete systems.
作者: 看法等 時(shí)間: 2025-3-27 05:55
Consequence,. is an operation sending any set of propositional formulae to the set of all propositional formulae derivable from it by means of some fixed rules of inference. Thus the notion of the rule of inference is the most important component in the definition of the consequence operation.
作者: TIA742 時(shí)間: 2025-3-27 11:17
Counterexample, the Method of,The method of counterexample is a proof procedure, combined with a semantic approach, which may be used for deciding whether an argument is valid or not. The method can be applied in sentence logic and in predicate logic, though in the latter it must sometimes fail, as predicate logic does not possess the property of decidability.
作者: Duodenitis 時(shí)間: 2025-3-27 15:49
作者: enmesh 時(shí)間: 2025-3-27 20:21
作者: 諷刺滑稽戲劇 時(shí)間: 2025-3-27 22:37
作者: Bravura 時(shí)間: 2025-3-28 02:48
作者: 瑪瑙 時(shí)間: 2025-3-28 09:09
作者: Minuet 時(shí)間: 2025-3-28 11:14
作者: 肥料 時(shí)間: 2025-3-28 16:30
作者: Trochlea 時(shí)間: 2025-3-28 20:57
https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-349-01057-8res which contain no relations, only functions and possibly constants. There are, roughly speaking, two approaches to this subject. The first is the study of arbitrary classes of (similar) algebras; in a great simplification, this may be identified with .. The other approach consists in the study of
作者: 通知 時(shí)間: 2025-3-29 02:12
作者: Exaggerate 時(shí)間: 2025-3-29 06:52
https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-007-6615-0g a simple logical error. In the area of deductive reasoning such a contradiction is a disaster, but, if genuine, it shows conflicts in our intuitions, incompatibility of areas of applicability of our notions. In the present exposition we shall restrict ourselves to some antinomies important for log
作者: 針葉類的樹 時(shí)間: 2025-3-29 08:02
Reinhard Bachleitner,Wolfgang Aschauer reasons: (1) it is a fairly adequate grammar for logical and mathematical languages, and (2) it is related, in certain respects, to some logical theories, viz. to types (q.v.) theory and to combinatory logic (see “Lambda-operator” and “Combinatory Logic”).
作者: BRIEF 時(shí)間: 2025-3-29 14:17
作者: anchor 時(shí)間: 2025-3-29 16:07
作者: defile 時(shí)間: 2025-3-29 23:16
Michel de Certeau liest Jules Verne[interpretation] of the system and truth in the model (see “Predicate logic”, “Truth”, “Model theory”). A different notion of completeness which does not refer to models but only to provability within the system reads as follows: a deductive system is (.) . [maximal] iff for every formula ., formula
作者: Generator 時(shí)間: 2025-3-30 00:23
作者: Sigmoidoscopy 時(shí)間: 2025-3-30 07:14
https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-658-20772-4ntradiction . ~ . is derivable. Another, seemingly weaker, condition is equivalent if the system is based on the classical propositional calculus: there exists an underivable formula. To prove the equivalence, assume that . is underivable and . is abritrary. If both . and ~ . were derivable then . w
作者: Keratectomy 時(shí)間: 2025-3-30 12:03
作者: 大約冬季 時(shí)間: 2025-3-30 15:27
The Level of Selective Delineationtecedents. As it is known today, the statement of this theorem as a postulate of deductive inference can be found in Bolzano (.). The development of mathematical logic in the 19th century was not sufficient for Bolzano’s discovery to be appreciated and it was rediscovered in the 1920s by Alfred Tars
作者: 剝削 時(shí)間: 2025-3-30 18:00
作者: bibliophile 時(shí)間: 2025-3-31 00:03
作者: 托人看管 時(shí)間: 2025-3-31 02:22
Categorial Grammar, reasons: (1) it is a fairly adequate grammar for logical and mathematical languages, and (2) it is related, in certain respects, to some logical theories, viz. to types (q.v.) theory and to combinatory logic (see “Lambda-operator” and “Combinatory Logic”).
作者: AGATE 時(shí)間: 2025-3-31 06:55
Classes, Theory of,h infinite sets (“Sets, infinite”). In the . only those set-theoretical operations and relations which apply to all sets, either finite or infinite, are considered. Hence the term ‘general theory of classes’ is sometimes used (.).
作者: 耕種 時(shí)間: 2025-3-31 11:39
Abstraction Operator,ich satisfy that formula. Let the formula be represented by .(.). Then the name of the things satisfying .(.) is written as (.% MathType!MTEF!2!1!+-% feaagCart1ev2aaatCvAUfeBSjuyZL2yd9gzLbvyNv2CaerbuLwBLn% hiov2DGi1BTfMBaeXatLxBI9gBaerbd9wDYLwzYbItLDharqqtubsr% 4rNCHbGeaGqiVu0Je9sqqrpepC0xbbL8F4rqqr
作者: 自然環(huán)境 時(shí)間: 2025-3-31 16:44
作者: membrane 時(shí)間: 2025-3-31 19:53
Algorithms,ting using Arabic numerals, and the Greek word “arithmós” (number). The word “algorism” itself comes from the name of a Persian mathematician Mohammed ibn-Musa al-Khwarizmi (from Khwarizm) who, in the ninth century, described how to perform the four arithmetic operations in the decimal number system
作者: intention 時(shí)間: 2025-3-31 21:45
Antinomies,g a simple logical error. In the area of deductive reasoning such a contradiction is a disaster, but, if genuine, it shows conflicts in our intuitions, incompatibility of areas of applicability of our notions. In the present exposition we shall restrict ourselves to some antinomies important for log
作者: GOAD 時(shí)間: 2025-4-1 04:39
Categorial Grammar, reasons: (1) it is a fairly adequate grammar for logical and mathematical languages, and (2) it is related, in certain respects, to some logical theories, viz. to types (q.v.) theory and to combinatory logic (see “Lambda-operator” and “Combinatory Logic”).
作者: 哄騙 時(shí)間: 2025-4-1 07:16
作者: generic 時(shí)間: 2025-4-1 11:44
Combinatory Logic,o introduced the term ‘lambda calculus’. Further contributions come from C. B?hm, R. Feys, F.B. Fitch (cf. references in “Formalization”), J.B. Rosser, and others. It is a first-order theory with one two-argument function as primitive. This function, called ., is usually denoted by parentheses only
作者: anthesis 時(shí)間: 2025-4-1 14:42
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