作者: inhumane 時(shí)間: 2025-3-21 21:28 作者: Externalize 時(shí)間: 2025-3-22 01:58 作者: BYRE 時(shí)間: 2025-3-22 06:35
Population Intensification Theorythus excluding migration or conquest. There has been a recent tendency to treat the topic as if there were on offer only two theories of intensification, those of Thomas Robert Malthus (1766–1834), especially as set out initially in 1798 in . (henceforth .), and Ester Boserup (1910–1999), as set out作者: 染色體 時(shí)間: 2025-3-22 10:01 作者: 游行 時(shí)間: 2025-3-22 16:22
Family Size Control by Infanticide in the Great Agrarian Societies of Asia we have argued that there is insufficient evidence to conclude that Palaeolithic society consciously practised population control; its approximate long-term population equilibrium is probably adequately explained by non-infanticidal mortality balancing fertility (Caldwell and Caldwell 2003a). Certa作者: 游行 時(shí)間: 2025-3-22 20:26 作者: configuration 時(shí)間: 2025-3-23 00:05
The Delayed Western Fertility Decline: an Examination of English-Speaking Countries undermined by urbanization, compulsory schooling, legislation restricting the exploitation of minors, and the kind of employment available in an advanced industrial system. Indeed, by 1800 French marital fertility (as measured by the index ..) had fallen 10 percent (the criterion for transition emp作者: Carcinoma 時(shí)間: 2025-3-23 05:12
Regional Paths to Fertility Transition transition. Generalizations can be made not only because most countries in the world are now participating in the transition, but also because enough sub-Saharan African countries have at last joined the transition to allow us to hazard hypotheses about the conditions of onset of fertility decline 作者: Enteropathic 時(shí)間: 2025-3-23 08:24 作者: 可商量 時(shí)間: 2025-3-23 13:02
Social Upheaval and Fertility Declinecessitate. This is explained by the persistence of cultural supports or “props” fashioned in an earlier era and implies that fertility is likely to decline if there is a major social upheaval such as is constituted by a revolution or defeat in a total war. The proposition has recently been put forwa作者: Decrepit 時(shí)間: 2025-3-23 16:35 作者: ARENA 時(shí)間: 2025-3-23 18:10 作者: 云狀 時(shí)間: 2025-3-24 01:27 作者: 無(wú)王時(shí)期, 時(shí)間: 2025-3-24 03:53 作者: 斜 時(shí)間: 2025-3-24 09:52 作者: STALL 時(shí)間: 2025-3-24 12:16
Salman Ahmed,Jianfu Zhang,Onan Demirelanthropologists with whose work they are most likely to be familiar. Typifying the demographer’s stance, van deWalle (1968b, p. 489) wrote: “Control of marital fertility by contraception, as we knowit today inWestern countries, is without doubt a fairly recent development.” He went on to conclude th作者: cancer 時(shí)間: 2025-3-24 18:15
Tomoya Takeda,Noriyuki Kida,Tadayuki Haraificant rise in mortality has been widely discussed and mostly supported over the last halfcentury. The case is found in the medical or epidemiological literature, especially that in the ecological tradition, and in works on anthropology and palaeodemography. This paper examines how these ideas deve作者: 信徒 時(shí)間: 2025-3-24 21:11 作者: 影響深遠(yuǎn) 時(shí)間: 2025-3-24 23:36
The Ten Characteristics of the Critical Taskve it. If it is not unique, then its most likely predecessors were probably found in the classical period, especially in Ancient Rome, or in Soong China or Tokugawa Japan (treated separately in Caldwell and Caldwell 2005). The reasons in the Roman Empire include the high level of urbanization, the e作者: compose 時(shí)間: 2025-3-25 06:52
The Ten Characteristics of the Critical Task we have argued that there is insufficient evidence to conclude that Palaeolithic society consciously practised population control; its approximate long-term population equilibrium is probably adequately explained by non-infanticidal mortality balancing fertility (Caldwell and Caldwell 2003a). Certa作者: 獨(dú)輪車 時(shí)間: 2025-3-25 11:32
https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-97054-3ineteenth century began to fall in advancedWestern countries so that by the end of the twentieth century life expectancy had doubled to nearly 80 years and infant mortality was around 5–7 per thousand births (see Table 8.1 and also Riley 2001:39). This extraordinary change in the human condition was作者: 獨(dú)白 時(shí)間: 2025-3-25 13:26 作者: 小口啜飲 時(shí)間: 2025-3-25 16:11
Ilaria Vigorelli,Antonio Malo,Giulio Maspero transition. Generalizations can be made not only because most countries in the world are now participating in the transition, but also because enough sub-Saharan African countries have at last joined the transition to allow us to hazard hypotheses about the conditions of onset of fertility decline 作者: FUSE 時(shí)間: 2025-3-25 21:38
,Sicherheitsaspekte für Webprojekte,ion. The exceptions that did not follow within a further decade were nearly all found in three regions: sub-Saharan Africa, Arab Southwest Asia, and Melanesia. The range of populations involved in the decline was unpredicted and unprecedented. Few developing countries had ever before had a sustained作者: 決定性 時(shí)間: 2025-3-26 01:39
,Sicherheitsaspekte für Webprojekte,cessitate. This is explained by the persistence of cultural supports or “props” fashioned in an earlier era and implies that fertility is likely to decline if there is a major social upheaval such as is constituted by a revolution or defeat in a total war. The proposition has recently been put forwa作者: ELUDE 時(shí)間: 2025-3-26 05:58 作者: neutrophils 時(shí)間: 2025-3-26 09:15
Aufbau des Computers und Vernetzungity countries (total fertility rate (TFR) below 1.5), moderately low fertility countries (TFR 1.5–2.0), and countries at replacement level, together with their TFRs in 2001 and the period that the TFR had been continually below 2.1. The last measure is probably open to question for some countries as作者: jumble 時(shí)間: 2025-3-26 13:32
https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-476-05446-3irst time in history, total fertility below two, with net reproduction only three-quarters of replacement levels (Keyfitz and Flieger 1968). At that time some observers forecast that advanced industrial societies would experience a decline in population numbers (see Charles 1934), but this predictio作者: 乞丐 時(shí)間: 2025-3-26 17:07 作者: 易受騙 時(shí)間: 2025-3-26 22:33 作者: 畫(huà)布 時(shí)間: 2025-3-27 02:37 作者: 治愈 時(shí)間: 2025-3-27 09:17
Ilaria Vigorelli,Antonio Malo,Giulio Maspero transition. Generalizations can be made not only because most countries in the world are now participating in the transition, but also because enough sub-Saharan African countries have at last joined the transition to allow us to hazard hypotheses about the conditions of onset of fertility decline there too.作者: MURKY 時(shí)間: 2025-3-27 12:26
John C. CaldwellA strong theoretical perspective.The integration of demographic transition theory over the whole of human existence.The integration of mortality and fertility transition theory.The examination of the 作者: 正論 時(shí)間: 2025-3-27 17:03 作者: cacophony 時(shí)間: 2025-3-27 21:11 作者: Judicious 時(shí)間: 2025-3-27 23:37 作者: ALIAS 時(shí)間: 2025-3-28 04:27 作者: insurgent 時(shí)間: 2025-3-28 09:39 作者: 雇傭兵 時(shí)間: 2025-3-28 12:30 作者: Congregate 時(shí)間: 2025-3-28 16:36
Fertility Control in The Classical World: was There an Ancient Fertility Transition? drawn attention to the use of means which could have limited numbers in both the family and society, and some have implied a fertility decline which may have resulted in moderately low fertility for centuries (see Riddle 1997). This paper mostly concerns Rome, but Greece will not be ignored because作者: 油氈 時(shí)間: 2025-3-28 20:14
Transmuting the Industrial Revolution into Mortality Declinewaited until the turn of the century before major decline set in. The aim of this essay is threefold: to explore how the Scientific and Industrial Revolutions produced the mortality decline; to explain why the mortality decline began, in England at least, well after industrialization began; and to e作者: 懦夫 時(shí)間: 2025-3-29 01:56 作者: beta-carotene 時(shí)間: 2025-3-29 06:43
The Ten Characteristics of the Critical Task drawn attention to the use of means which could have limited numbers in both the family and society, and some have implied a fertility decline which may have resulted in moderately low fertility for centuries (see Riddle 1997). This paper mostly concerns Rome, but Greece will not be ignored because作者: 并置 時(shí)間: 2025-3-29 10:56 作者: Lipoma 時(shí)間: 2025-3-29 13:28
,Sicherheitsaspekte für Webprojekte, ones suited to the new situation. The one factor that is common to all upheavals is an uncertainty about the future and a desire to postpone irreversible demographic decisions until the situation is clearer. Among those countries already undergoing a fertility transition, fertility levels do not re作者: SLAY 時(shí)間: 2025-3-29 19:38
Was There a Neolithic Mortality Crisis?l literature, especially that in the ecological tradition, and in works on anthropology and palaeodemography. This paper examines how these ideas developed and questions whether this near-consensus could prove to be fallible.作者: 揮舞 時(shí)間: 2025-3-29 20:15
Family Size Control by Infanticide in the Great Agrarian Societies of Asiang-term population equilibrium is probably adequately explained by non-infanticidal mortality balancing fertility (Caldwell and Caldwell 2003a). Certainly babies were often killed when deformed or in times of crisis but not on a scale to constitute a demographically significant impact.作者: evasive 時(shí)間: 2025-3-30 02:20 作者: 蛤肉 時(shí)間: 2025-3-30 08:00 作者: syncope 時(shí)間: 2025-3-30 08:52 作者: 多產(chǎn)魚(yú) 時(shí)間: 2025-3-30 15:02 作者: 英寸 時(shí)間: 2025-3-30 20:11
Ilaria Vigorelli,Antonio Malo,Giulio Masperoloyed by the Princeton European Fertility Project). (Weir 1994:330–331). It is inconceivable that such a fall occurred in conflict with family economic needs, and thus it is evidence that French children were not of net economic value to their parents by the end of the eighteenth century.作者: CAB 時(shí)間: 2025-3-30 23:26
Book 2006ow less capricious and most people live long lives. Women no longer average six or seven births but in most economically advanced countries less than two — insufficient to replenish national populations. Most of this dramatic social change has occurred over the last 150 years. But the question remai作者: evince 時(shí)間: 2025-3-31 00:55 作者: 完整 時(shí)間: 2025-3-31 07:12
Pretransitional Population Control and Equilibriumat the typical pattern for most of the world’s population had for aeons been one of early marriage followed by uncontrolled fertility. A similar conclusion was drawn by Knodel (1977, p. 242), who decided that birth control must have been adopted by the vast majority of mankind only fairly recently and that its practice was innovative.作者: POWER 時(shí)間: 2025-3-31 13:13 作者: heart-murmur 時(shí)間: 2025-3-31 15:30
lity and fertility transition theory.The examination of the .The demographic transition is the change in the human condition from high mortality and high fertility to low mortality and low fertility. Death is now less capricious and most people live long lives. Women no longer average six or seven b作者: ECG769 時(shí)間: 2025-3-31 18:23
Tomoya Takeda,Noriyuki Kida,Tadayuki Haral literature, especially that in the ecological tradition, and in works on anthropology and palaeodemography. This paper examines how these ideas developed and questions whether this near-consensus could prove to be fallible.作者: 聾子 時(shí)間: 2025-4-1 00:51 作者: 多骨 時(shí)間: 2025-4-1 02:56 作者: Vasoconstrictor 時(shí)間: 2025-4-1 07:47
Aufbau des Computers und Vernetzung) which published . (Charbonneau and Larose 1979); and of an influential article (Watkins and Menken 1985); these crises also appeared throughout Wrigley and Schofield’s (1981) . and Le Roy Ladurie’s (1974) ..
