作者: Duodenitis 時間: 2025-3-21 21:36
The Land Reform and its Effectsp in the countryside had to be reformed. Worked out over the summer of 1945 and officially launched in September, the land reform was the first major intervention by the Soviets into the social structure of eastern Germany. Its aim was not just to punish supporters of the Third Reich, but also to he作者: monogamy 時間: 2025-3-22 02:51 作者: SIT 時間: 2025-3-22 06:34 作者: CLASH 時間: 2025-3-22 12:46 作者: 雪白 時間: 2025-3-22 16:36
Mobilizing East German Youthle. Whatever misgivings there might have been about the political educability of the so-called ‘sceptical generation’. of youths after the war, the generation growing into adulthood in the early 1950s carried many of the hopes of the ideologues and pedagogues in the SED. This age group was regarded 作者: 雪白 時間: 2025-3-22 18:32 作者: LATHE 時間: 2025-3-22 21:41
The Factories from 17 June to the Socialist Brigadeshe factories far worse than most officials at party headquarters had imagined. Not only was the SED regime broadly rejected by the industrial workforce, the very group that now theoretically exercised control under the ‘dictatorship of the proletariat’, but also many of its functionaries at the fact作者: 遣返回國 時間: 2025-3-23 01:43
The Villages from Stalemate to Collectivizationt more long-lasting than in the factories. The party leadership had deeply alienated most peasants in 1952–53 with its harshly punitive taxes, increased delivery quotas and arrests of struggling farmers, and was well-advised to soften its course. Though collectivization remained the central feature 作者: 輕信 時間: 2025-3-23 07:07 作者: Regurgitation 時間: 2025-3-23 10:11
The Problems and Possibilities of the Open Borderocess of constructing East German socialism. Until the erection of the Berlin Wall in August 1961, an unceasing haemorrhage of citizens — some three million between 1945 and 1961 — served to characterize and caricature the problems of social and political transformation in East Germany. The problem 作者: 強所 時間: 2025-3-23 16:20
The Grass-Roots Effects of the Berlin Wallstory of the GDR, profoundly affecting their ability to maintain contact with relatives and friends, as well as to travel, shop, and sample western culture. The images of families waving to each other across no-man’s-land — in different worlds only metres apart — number among the most memorable and 作者: insular 時間: 2025-3-23 20:53
Conclusionsip, exchange of social and political elites, recasting the political system and network of social organizations — this process was more a slow, patchy and inconsistent transition at the grass-roots. Although it has long been assumed that the strategic goals of the Soviets and SED were not always ide作者: 小樣他閑聊 時間: 2025-3-23 22:25 作者: Cerumen 時間: 2025-3-24 03:04
,Bürgerbeteiligung und Luftreinhaltung,p in the countryside had to be reformed. Worked out over the summer of 1945 and officially launched in September, the land reform was the first major intervention by the Soviets into the social structure of eastern Germany. Its aim was not just to punish supporters of the Third Reich, but also to he作者: 語源學(xué) 時間: 2025-3-24 08:10 作者: Ambulatory 時間: 2025-3-24 13:06
,Psychologische Forschung zum Müllproblem,ninterested, their apathy producing little sediment in the archives, the picture painted by the internal reports is one of a wide array of responses ranging from excitement at the prospect of realizing what sounded like a decades-old goal of the workers’ movement to a deep-seated scepticism of the t作者: Hemodialysis 時間: 2025-3-24 15:20 作者: Stress 時間: 2025-3-24 22:30
https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-322-86358-4le. Whatever misgivings there might have been about the political educability of the so-called ‘sceptical generation’. of youths after the war, the generation growing into adulthood in the early 1950s carried many of the hopes of the ideologues and pedagogues in the SED. This age group was regarded 作者: ALT 時間: 2025-3-25 02:51
https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-322-86359-1pt to reshape East German society by force and bring East Germans themselves into line with the expectations of the party leadership. Equally clearly, the bundle of policies that were pursued with such vigour during that year were exceedingly unpopular, and eventually led to widespread popular unres作者: 壟斷 時間: 2025-3-25 05:20
Umweltschutz und Unternehmensführunghe factories far worse than most officials at party headquarters had imagined. Not only was the SED regime broadly rejected by the industrial workforce, the very group that now theoretically exercised control under the ‘dictatorship of the proletariat’, but also many of its functionaries at the fact作者: Perennial長期的 時間: 2025-3-25 10:41
https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-322-86360-7t more long-lasting than in the factories. The party leadership had deeply alienated most peasants in 1952–53 with its harshly punitive taxes, increased delivery quotas and arrests of struggling farmers, and was well-advised to soften its course. Though collectivization remained the central feature 作者: endocardium 時間: 2025-3-25 12:54 作者: Graphite 時間: 2025-3-25 17:39 作者: 水土 時間: 2025-3-25 20:46 作者: 玩笑 時間: 2025-3-26 01:11 作者: 使?jié)M足 時間: 2025-3-26 07:23 作者: 協(xié)迫 時間: 2025-3-26 10:41 作者: GOUGE 時間: 2025-3-26 15:48 作者: Insufficient 時間: 2025-3-26 19:56 作者: 吵鬧 時間: 2025-3-26 22:23 作者: BALK 時間: 2025-3-27 03:23 作者: 強所 時間: 2025-3-27 05:19
‘,’: Fleeing the Construction of Socialismnts during the first half of 1953 not only prompted the Soviet ‘suggestion’ of a change of course in the GDR, but also triggered a process of rethinking within the SED itself regarding the westward population movement.作者: 頌揚國家 時間: 2025-3-27 12:12 作者: 得罪人 時間: 2025-3-27 14:04 作者: Crater 時間: 2025-3-27 21:13
Introductionsm. The two decades after the defeat of the Third Reich was a period of extraordinarily rapid social change in eastern Germany, during which the SED attempted within a generation to realize the basic elements of its social-political programme, forcing East German social structures into a new and in 作者: UTTER 時間: 2025-3-28 00:05 作者: Thrombolysis 時間: 2025-3-28 03:30
Recasting the Factories after the Ward the policy of reparations in kind from running production. The expropriation of large factory owners and the creation of ‘Soviet Joint Stock Companies’ (SAGs) and ‘People’s Own Enterprises’ (VEBs) may have succeeded in revolutionizing patterns of industrial ownership in the Soviet Zone, destroying作者: PAN 時間: 2025-3-28 09:34
Mobilizing East German Youthime, which in the SED’s view obscured the military threat from the ‘imperialists’ in the West. The younger generation was thus at the centre of efforts both to mobilize East German society against the West as well as to curtail the influence of the Christian churches. The main tool for accomplishing作者: stressors 時間: 2025-3-28 12:12
The Factories from 17 June to the Socialist Brigadeshese efforts faced significant difficulties. The problem with purging the apparatus was that it needed to be balanced by the twin imperatives of retaining sufficient expertise in the management and maintaining an anchor on the shopfloor. The problem with mobilizing workers was that most bore little 作者: 弓箭 時間: 2025-3-28 15:41
The Villages from Stalemate to Collectivizatione rendered them unattractive to most independent peasants. Over the years it became increasingly clear that a fully collectivized agricultural economy could only be achieved through an all-out assault on individual farming. But as it turned out, even the fully collectivized ‘socialist village’ was s作者: Venules 時間: 2025-3-28 21:24 作者: TAIN 時間: 2025-3-28 23:09 作者: 無表情 時間: 2025-3-29 04:27 作者: Expostulate 時間: 2025-3-29 09:09 作者: jocular 時間: 2025-3-29 14:52
,Bürgerbeteiligung und Luftreinhaltung,andowners with Nazi ties. The confiscated land was to be distributed above all to land-poor peasants, landless farm labourers and refugees from the eastern territories — the so-called ‘new farmers’ — in plots of five to ten hectares, depending on its quality.作者: 褻瀆 時間: 2025-3-29 16:10
https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-322-86356-0d the policy of reparations in kind from running production. The expropriation of large factory owners and the creation of ‘Soviet Joint Stock Companies’ (SAGs) and ‘People’s Own Enterprises’ (VEBs) may have succeeded in revolutionizing patterns of industrial ownership in the Soviet Zone, destroying作者: myelography 時間: 2025-3-29 22:44 作者: Cardiac 時間: 2025-3-30 00:17
Umweltschutz und Unternehmensführunghese efforts faced significant difficulties. The problem with purging the apparatus was that it needed to be balanced by the twin imperatives of retaining sufficient expertise in the management and maintaining an anchor on the shopfloor. The problem with mobilizing workers was that most bore little 作者: Missile 時間: 2025-3-30 05:04 作者: 大方一點 時間: 2025-3-30 11:53 作者: licence 時間: 2025-3-30 13:15
Umweltschutzorientierte Fertigungsstrategienrmining claims to political legitimacy. As the previous chapters have shown, it also placed limits on the regime’s control over ‘local politics’ in the factories, villages and neighbourhoods of the GDR, from industrial relations to military recruitment and agricultural collectivization. The open bor作者: acrimony 時間: 2025-3-30 20:25
Darstellung verschiedener Erkl?rungsans?tzen indelible mark on the debate about the GDR’s history. Eckard Jesse may have exaggerated in claiming that the notion of the GDR as a ‘totalitarian system’ has ‘virtually canonical validity’,. but the frequent use of the term and the discussion of various models and approaches has been remarkable in作者: breadth 時間: 2025-3-30 22:04
