作者: 綠州 時間: 2025-3-21 23:02 作者: verdict 時間: 2025-3-22 01:35
Spark Plasma Sintering of Materialsds are traded does not apply to public goods. In other words, while for the private goods individual utility maximizing behaviour leads to a situation where nobody’s welfare can be increased without worsening at least one other individual’s welfare, this is not the case for public goods (see Riker a作者: 典型 時間: 2025-3-22 07:30
Systems Biology of T Cell Activation,lly result in one alternative. Hence, new types of problems are encountered in trying to guarantee that the elected body represents the electorate at large in a reasonable way. In the following we shall focus on these problems which are peculiar to electing representative bodies.作者: Confess 時間: 2025-3-22 09:16
0921-3384 texts. The aim of this book is to give an evaluation of the virtues and shortcomings of these procedures. On the basis of this evaluation the reader will hopefu978-94-010-8268-6978-94-009-3985-1Series ISSN 0921-3384 Series E-ISSN 2352-2119 作者: Assignment 時間: 2025-3-22 15:33 作者: Assignment 時間: 2025-3-22 17:32 作者: 牛的細微差別 時間: 2025-3-22 21:20
From Committees to Elections,lly result in one alternative. Hence, new types of problems are encountered in trying to guarantee that the elected body represents the electorate at large in a reasonable way. In the following we shall focus on these problems which are peculiar to electing representative bodies.作者: 地牢 時間: 2025-3-23 04:24
Pasquale Cavaliere,B. Sadeghi,A. Shabaniore specifically, to the invariance of choice sets when some transformations are made to the alternative sets or preference profiles. Let us now consider these interpretations of collective rationality in some detail.作者: embolus 時間: 2025-3-23 08:57 作者: Exploit 時間: 2025-3-23 11:47
0921-3384 sually solved by resorting to some opinion aggre- gating procedure, like voting. Very often the problem is thought of as being solved after the decision to take a vote has been made and the ballots have been counted. Most official decision making bodies have formally instituted procedures of voting 作者: 嬰兒 時間: 2025-3-23 15:33
,Grundzüge einer Soziologie des Sparens,viduals is considered as the best candidate is vast. But the situations involving voting have an even wider scope: also policy or action alternatives can be determined by voting. This, indeed, is what the bulk of parliamentary decision making is concerned with.作者: 謊言 時間: 2025-3-23 20:41
Carl Christian von Weizs?cker,Hagen Kr?mer2). More specifically, for a nontransitive social preference the fact that a R b and b R c does not imply that a R c. One important instance of a nontransitivity is the case in which a R b and b R c, but c R a. Such a paradox has been known for centuries and nowadays bears the name of Marquis de Condorcet.作者: hemoglobin 時間: 2025-3-24 00:16 作者: endure 時間: 2025-3-24 05:31 作者: Ceremony 時間: 2025-3-24 08:51
PKC Isotype Functions in T Lymphocytes,y or set of properties that do not characterize the procedure. The ubiquity of strategic manipulation possibilities and the paucity of voting equilibria make Riker (1982) very suspicious about the possibility of finding any method that would reasonably well reflect the tastes or preferences of the individuals in collective choices.作者: 尋找 時間: 2025-3-24 12:17
Introduction,viduals is considered as the best candidate is vast. But the situations involving voting have an even wider scope: also policy or action alternatives can be determined by voting. This, indeed, is what the bulk of parliamentary decision making is concerned with.作者: VEST 時間: 2025-3-24 17:00
First Problem: Cyclic Majorities,2). More specifically, for a nontransitive social preference the fact that a R b and b R c does not imply that a R c. One important instance of a nontransitivity is the case in which a R b and b R c, but c R a. Such a paradox has been known for centuries and nowadays bears the name of Marquis de Condorcet.作者: 伴隨而來 時間: 2025-3-24 21:09 作者: 易于交談 時間: 2025-3-24 23:44
Asking for Less than Individual Preference Orderings,nly sensible winning criterion would be the least number of negative votes. This, in turn, is bound to lead either to a large choice set or to several stages in a similar fashion as in Coombs’ procedure.作者: Exposure 時間: 2025-3-25 06:29
Why is There So Much Stability and How Can We Get More of It?,y or set of properties that do not characterize the procedure. The ubiquity of strategic manipulation possibilities and the paucity of voting equilibria make Riker (1982) very suspicious about the possibility of finding any method that would reasonably well reflect the tastes or preferences of the individuals in collective choices.作者: 華而不實 時間: 2025-3-25 11:06 作者: 不透明性 時間: 2025-3-25 11:54
Fourth Problem: How to Honour Unanimous Preferences, that the group is not entirely homogeneous, but there are some alternatives with respect to which unanimity prevails, how could such an agreement of opinions be taken into account in social choices in a plausible way?作者: 乳汁 時間: 2025-3-25 16:12 作者: jumble 時間: 2025-3-25 20:26 作者: 慢慢啃 時間: 2025-3-26 03:10
978-94-010-8268-6D. Reidel Publishing Company, Dordrecht, Holland 1987作者: 議程 時間: 2025-3-26 06:05 作者: 結(jié)合 時間: 2025-3-26 08:40
Social Welfare Function, Social Choice Function and Voting Procedures,ous methods used in aggregating these preferences into collective decisions. These are usually interpreted as collective preferences, although as will be seen shortly there are some problems involved in this interpretation.作者: 戲服 時間: 2025-3-26 16:31 作者: ALB 時間: 2025-3-26 18:43 作者: 贊成你 時間: 2025-3-27 00:10 作者: 雄偉 時間: 2025-3-27 02:59
,Grundzüge einer Soziologie des Sparens,ortsmen of the year, the winners of beauty contests etc.. The range of situations in which voting is used to determine which one among a group of individuals is considered as the best candidate is vast. But the situations involving voting have an even wider scope: also policy or action alternatives 作者: 積習(xí)已深 時間: 2025-3-27 05:29 作者: 發(fā)誓放棄 時間: 2025-3-27 13:11 作者: Hemiplegia 時間: 2025-3-27 14:15
Carl Christian von Weizs?cker,Hagen Kr?mertcoming would that be? Very serious indeed, as one could argue that the very meaning of a social choice is in doubt should this happen (see Riker, 1982). More specifically, for a nontransitive social preference the fact that a R b and b R c does not imply that a R c. One important instance of a nont作者: 過剩 時間: 2025-3-27 21:03
Carl Christian von Weizs?cker,Hagen Kr?merimple majority. Surely it would be desirable to have a voting procedure that would always guarantee the choice of the Condorcet winner when one exists. Upon closer inspection several questions arise, however, concerning what exactly is meant by this criterion and how plausible it really is.作者: Generalize 時間: 2025-3-27 22:57 作者: 無表情 時間: 2025-3-28 04:08
Spark Plasma Sintering: Process Fundamentalsanimity, it would seem reasonable that the group should have its way precisely as it wishes. But what does unanimity mean in group decision making? Of course, if the group consists of n persons with exactly identical preference orders, then unanimity would be a straight-forward notion. But supposing作者: paradigm 時間: 2025-3-28 06:17 作者: 無禮回復(fù) 時間: 2025-3-28 14:15 作者: 背景 時間: 2025-3-28 17:17 作者: Endoscope 時間: 2025-3-28 22:10 作者: 凹槽 時間: 2025-3-29 00:19
PKC Isotype Functions in T Lymphocytes,g procedures is not possible. In other words, regardless of which voting procedure one resorts to there is bound to be at least some plausible property or set of properties that do not characterize the procedure. The ubiquity of strategic manipulation possibilities and the paucity of voting equilibr作者: CLAM 時間: 2025-3-29 04:55
Systems Biology of T Cell Activation, the alternatives are candidates to offices and cases in which they are policy alternatives to be implemented. The reason for not making this distinction is simply that the problems discussed above are encountered in both cases. We are dealing with “direct democracy” in both cases. Of course when we作者: 警告 時間: 2025-3-29 08:00 作者: 得體 時間: 2025-3-29 12:46
Comparing Voting Systems978-94-009-3985-1Series ISSN 0921-3384 Series E-ISSN 2352-2119 作者: FLIRT 時間: 2025-3-29 16:12
Sparen und Investieren im 21. Jahrhundertous methods used in aggregating these preferences into collective decisions. These are usually interpreted as collective preferences, although as will be seen shortly there are some problems involved in this interpretation.作者: Enzyme 時間: 2025-3-29 23:17 作者: 遷移 時間: 2025-3-30 00:43
Carl Christian von Weizs?cker,Hagen Kr?mer by means of pairwise comparisons. It seems difficult to entertain a concept of winning which would not involve defeating some contestant in a binary confrontation. Similarly the criterion discussed in this chapter is intuitively compelling.作者: legitimate 時間: 2025-3-30 04:50
PKC Isotype Functions in T Lymphocytes,n with respect to performance on various criteria of goodness. None of the procedures satisfies all the criteria used above, but all have some properties to recommend them. There are at least two possibilities in terms of which to assess these findings:作者: 集聚成團 時間: 2025-3-30 11:42
Introduction,ortsmen of the year, the winners of beauty contests etc.. The range of situations in which voting is used to determine which one among a group of individuals is considered as the best candidate is vast. But the situations involving voting have an even wider scope: also policy or action alternatives 作者: Substance-Abuse 時間: 2025-3-30 14:00
Preliminaries,and representation we encounter approaches that would most naturally be classified as individualistic in the sense that the starting point of the theorizing is the human individual or, more precisely, some specific aspects of human individuals. However, there are grounds for arguing that just the op作者: 咯咯笑 時間: 2025-3-30 19:03 作者: sperse 時間: 2025-3-30 23:46 作者: Exhilarate 時間: 2025-3-31 02:07
