作者: CURB 時間: 2025-3-22 00:07 作者: NUDGE 時間: 2025-3-22 01:26 作者: radiograph 時間: 2025-3-22 05:18
Oil—Islam, Ownership, and Institutionsn this chapter, we ask what Islam has to say about the ownership and management of natural resources, especially those that are depletable such as oil and natural gas, and their beneficiaries. First some background.作者: 倒轉(zhuǎn) 時間: 2025-3-22 11:42
Book 2013This book is an analysis of how oil has affected governance and human, political, and economic development in the countries of the Persian Gulf and shaped these countries‘ relations with the rest of the world.作者: 依法逮捕 時間: 2025-3-22 14:40 作者: 依法逮捕 時間: 2025-3-22 19:13
Gastroesophageal Reflux Diseasen with a simple collage of how these countries appeared at the beginning of the twentieth century and in the period before oil revenues started to flow. What were the states of institutions, political structure, foreign involvement and societal edifice, and economic conditions in the countries of th作者: constitute 時間: 2025-3-22 23:24
Gastroesophageal Reflux Diseasecal affairs of the Persian Gulf and the greater Middle East. To state the obvious, oil became an inseparable part of the Middle East region’s fabric as it rose to global importance as a commodity, and the region became a significant supplier of oil to world markets, with oil revenues contributing a 作者: 變色龍 時間: 2025-3-23 03:53
https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-531-94067-0cent of the world’s known conventional oil reserves. The two richest fields found in the history of man—Ghawar and Burgan—lie along the southwestern shore of the Persian Gulf, in Saudi Arabia and in Kuwait, respectively. Although bitumen and natural gas were exploited in the region millennia ago, co作者: 切割 時間: 2025-3-23 05:49 作者: Eructation 時間: 2025-3-23 10:20 作者: aesthetician 時間: 2025-3-23 17:06
https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-531-94067-0 region’s human, economic, and political development. They have on balance played a selfish role in the region; first by financially exploiting oil-exporting countries during the early years after discovering their oil and then by supporting autocratic and unaccountable dictators in the region, supp作者: 使殘廢 時間: 2025-3-23 20:07
https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-531-94067-0rs. Between 1975 and 2011, the high quality of their oil and gas deposits, which translates into a low average cost of production and thus enormous rents from oil extraction (that is the difference between the price of oil and its production cost), has afforded them average resource rents as a perce作者: Thyroiditis 時間: 2025-3-24 01:29
Sexismus und Homophobie im Sportures will in time outpace oil revenues as expenditures increase and oil revenues fall. Oil and gas are depletable, or wasting, assets. They should not be depleted to finance consumption. Saudi Arabia, perhaps, provides the best example. The country went from what was up to that time a record budget 作者: Androgen 時間: 2025-3-24 04:25 作者: 木訥 時間: 2025-3-24 07:57
https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-531-94067-0deq’s ouster, 9/11 has led to a number of important and hard-to-predict events, especially in the United States, in the Persian Gulf region, and around the world that, in turn, may have consequences far beyond our imagination today and for years to come.作者: 不出名 時間: 2025-3-24 13:47 作者: 吼叫 時間: 2025-3-24 14:52 作者: abnegate 時間: 2025-3-24 19:47
Conclusionersian Gulf may turn out to be very different when the last drop of oil is extracted than where they find themselves in 2013. The political economy of oil has been gradually shifting from what was effectively colonialism to what has become collaborative colonialism.作者: artless 時間: 2025-3-25 02:28 作者: 易于出錯 時間: 2025-3-25 07:18 作者: GEM 時間: 2025-3-25 08:37
Oil—The Turbulent Years (1979–2001)ic governance (.) and the Islamic Republic of Iran was born. Instead of a democratic republic, Iran got a theocracy, a theocracy that many of the Arab family rulers in the region, as well as the secular leader Saddam Hussein in Iraq, viewed (and continue to view) as an existential threat. The rhetoric coming out of Iran only widened the divide.作者: Debark 時間: 2025-3-25 14:41
Oil—Foreign Interferenceors and claim that their backing is intended for stability and the free flow of oil at a reasonable price for the world. But foreigners, be they countries, corporations, or individuals, have acted in support of their own perceived interests, with little or no regard for the fallout for the people and countries in the region.作者: STRIA 時間: 2025-3-25 17:44
Gastroesophageal Reflux Diseasew. What were the states of institutions, political structure, foreign involvement and societal edifice, and economic conditions in the countries of the Persian Gulf? Were they like peasant economies the world over and was there outside meddling in their affairs as in other former colonies?作者: 冒號 時間: 2025-3-25 22:24
Before Oil—Political and Economic Conditions in the Persian Gulfw. What were the states of institutions, political structure, foreign involvement and societal edifice, and economic conditions in the countries of the Persian Gulf? Were they like peasant economies the world over and was there outside meddling in their affairs as in other former colonies?作者: Mercurial 時間: 2025-3-26 04:04
Before Oil—Political and Economic Conditions in the Persian Gulfn with a simple collage of how these countries appeared at the beginning of the twentieth century and in the period before oil revenues started to flow. What were the states of institutions, political structure, foreign involvement and societal edifice, and economic conditions in the countries of th作者: 漸變 時間: 2025-3-26 08:21 作者: Commentary 時間: 2025-3-26 09:11 作者: 圍巾 時間: 2025-3-26 14:04 作者: 男生戴手銬 時間: 2025-3-26 19:30 作者: 拋物線 時間: 2025-3-26 21:53
Oil—Foreign Interference region’s human, economic, and political development. They have on balance played a selfish role in the region; first by financially exploiting oil-exporting countries during the early years after discovering their oil and then by supporting autocratic and unaccountable dictators in the region, supp作者: fledged 時間: 2025-3-27 04:48
Oil—The Fallout in the Persian Gulfrs. Between 1975 and 2011, the high quality of their oil and gas deposits, which translates into a low average cost of production and thus enormous rents from oil extraction (that is the difference between the price of oil and its production cost), has afforded them average resource rents as a perce作者: Uncultured 時間: 2025-3-27 07:19 作者: 言行自由 時間: 2025-3-27 11:10
Conclusionulf. Although oil has financed modernization or transformation, it has not financed development, and has preempted political, social, and economic reforms. Oil has drawn foreigners, especially the world powers as colonialists and neocolonialists, to the region in search of economic and financial spo作者: Pelago 時間: 2025-3-27 17:28 作者: 偽善 時間: 2025-3-27 18:57
Oil—The Early Years, OPEC, and Its Empowerment (1945–1979)ove-average returns for their foreign shareholders. The oil companies, with the well-deserved nickname of “Seven Sisters” or “Majors,”—Standard Oil of New Jersey (Exxon), Standard Oil of New York (Mobil), SoCal, Gulf Oil, the Texas Company, Royal-Dutch Shell, and British Petroleum—plus CFP, establis作者: 角斗士 時間: 2025-3-27 22:29 作者: 巨頭 時間: 2025-3-28 03:48 作者: 鄙視 時間: 2025-3-28 08:36
Gastroesophageal Reflux Diseasee oil had little competition in powering automobiles and airplanes, its primary competitor in other uses was coal, a fuel that is dirty and more costly to transport, and to a lesser extent natural gas, the cleanest of the hydrocarbon fuels, which became steadily easier to transport to markets and th作者: 粘土 時間: 2025-3-28 13:36 作者: 幼稚 時間: 2025-3-28 16:08 作者: 匯總 時間: 2025-3-28 21:30
Sexismus und Homophobie im SportEven the richer, smaller countries of the region—Kuwait, Qatar, and the UAE—may not be immune, because they may face external dangers if their three more powerful neighbors are confronted by economic failure and hardship. These problems will only be exacerbated and the opportunity for adopting refor作者: 突襲 時間: 2025-3-28 23:48
Avital Ronell Carreira da Silva shows in fascinating detail how the sociological understanding of Portugal evolved from that of a developing society in the 1960s, to that of a modernizing European social formation in the 1980s, to the post-colonial or post-imperial Portugal of today.作者: 矛盾 時間: 2025-3-29 07:07 作者: shrill 時間: 2025-3-29 09:24 作者: 尊敬 時間: 2025-3-29 13:46 作者: Melanocytes 時間: 2025-3-29 18:23
