標(biāo)題: Titlebook: Clinical Data Analysis on a Pocket Calculator; Understanding the Sc Ton J. Cleophas,Aeilko H. Zwinderman Textbook 2016Latest edition Spring [打印本頁(yè)] 作者: 多愁善感 時(shí)間: 2025-3-21 18:39
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書目名稱Clinical Data Analysis on a Pocket Calculator讀者反饋學(xué)科排名
作者: artifice 時(shí)間: 2025-3-21 20:45
http://image.papertrans.cn/c/image/227904.jpg作者: 彎彎曲曲 時(shí)間: 2025-3-22 04:11 作者: 接觸 時(shí)間: 2025-3-22 08:21
978-3-319-80074-5Springer International Publishing Switzerland 2016作者: intimate 時(shí)間: 2025-3-22 11:02
One-Sample Continuous Data (One-Sample ,-Test, One-Sample Wilcoxon Test)ate, if the data can be assumed to follow a Gaussian-like frequency distribution. For non-Gaussian-like data the one-sample Wilcoxon test will be appropriate. The example given shows that levels of statistical significance of the two tests are very similar.作者: callous 時(shí)間: 2025-3-22 16:21 作者: callous 時(shí)間: 2025-3-22 20:12
, – Die r?misch-karthagischen Kriege,ures from the averages an index is needed. Why not simply add-up departures? However, this does not work, because generally the values higher and lower than the averages tend to even out, and the results would be zero. A pragmatic solution was taken by statisticians around the world. They decided to作者: 漂亮才會(huì)豪華 時(shí)間: 2025-3-23 00:25 作者: Mhc-Molecule 時(shí)間: 2025-3-23 03:21 作者: motivate 時(shí)間: 2025-3-23 09:28
https://doi.org/10.1057/9780230593640nomenon is used for making predictions from your data to future data. However, this is only entirely true with large samples like samples >100. In practice many studies involve rather small samples and in order for your data from small samples to adequately fit a theoretical frequency distribution w作者: probate 時(shí)間: 2025-3-23 10:16
https://doi.org/10.1057/9780230593640ate, if the data can be assumed to follow a Gaussian-like frequency distribution. For non-Gaussian-like data the one-sample Wilcoxon test will be appropriate. The example given shows that levels of statistical significance of the two tests are very similar.作者: troponins 時(shí)間: 2025-3-23 15:26
Alfred Loisy and the Great War,servations. As paired observations are usually more similar than unpaired observations, special tests are required in order to adjust for a positive correlation between the paired observations..Significant effects indicate that the null-hypothesis of no difference between the two outcome can be reje作者: 征服 時(shí)間: 2025-3-23 19:49 作者: lambaste 時(shí)間: 2025-3-24 01:47 作者: 完整 時(shí)間: 2025-3-24 03:09 作者: 彩色 時(shí)間: 2025-3-24 08:42
Criminal Law and Criminal Justice, is assumed to be zero, and this may not be true for paired observations. Particularly, repeated measurements in one subject produces usually results more similar than those from single measurements in separate subjects. Repeated measurements, thus, tends to produce a positive correlation. However, 作者: 粘土 時(shí)間: 2025-3-24 13:56
Criminal Law and Criminal Justice,the chance of finding no difference where there is one (type II error) and the chance of finding a difference where there is none (type I) error (Chap. .). A study result is often expressed in the form of the mean result and its standard deviation (SD) or standard error (SE). With the mean result ge作者: 我吃花盤旋 時(shí)間: 2025-3-24 14:51
Roman Love Elegy and the Eros of Empireomething about what you can expect from future data: if you repeat the study, you will be 95?% sure that your mean outcome will be within the 95?% confidence interval. The chapter shows how it can be calculated. The 95?% confidence interval can be used as an alternative to statistical significance t作者: Hyperalgesia 時(shí)間: 2025-3-24 19:42
https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-663-12346-0 95?% confidence interval is between prior boundaries, defining an area of undisputed clinical relevance. Equivalence testing is important, if you expect a new treatment to be equally efficacious as the standard treatment. This new treatment may still be better suitable for practice, if it has fewer作者: constitutional 時(shí)間: 2025-3-25 00:16
https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-663-12346-0ew compounds being mostly only slightly different from the old ones. Unlike equivalence studies, noninferiority studies have, instead of two boundaries with an interval of equivalence in between, a single boundary. Noninferiority studies have been criticized for their wide margin of inferiority, mak作者: perpetual 時(shí)間: 2025-3-25 05:31
https://doi.org/10.1057/9780230628557her the study meets its a priori defined expected power. Many therapeutic studies may be able to reject their null-hypotheses, and, are, thus, statistically significant, but they do not meet their expected power. Although p-values are widely reported, power is rarely given in the final report. This 作者: 講個(gè)故事逗他 時(shí)間: 2025-3-25 07:50
https://doi.org/10.1057/9780230628557f the data are complete. With only 5 values missing (1 value missing per patient) 5 patients will not have complete data, and are rather useless for the analysis. This is not 5?% but 15?% of this small study population of 35 patients. An analysis of the remaining 85?% patients is likely not to be po作者: prostate-gland 時(shí)間: 2025-3-25 13:57 作者: 不舒服 時(shí)間: 2025-3-25 16:29 作者: 忍耐 時(shí)間: 2025-3-25 22:14
Alfred Loisy and the Great War,lel-group studies, and the two groups are called independent of one another. This chapter gives examples of parallel-group analyses. Unpaired tests, like the unpaired .-test and Mann-Whitney test are appropriate for analysis.作者: 進(jìn)步 時(shí)間: 2025-3-26 03:05
https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-14800-2When writing a study protocol, just pulling the sample size out of a hat gives rise to (1) ethical, (2) scientific, and (3) financial problems, because.Equations are provided, that can be used for the purpose.作者: ETCH 時(shí)間: 2025-3-26 06:52
Sample Size CalculationsWhen writing a study protocol, just pulling the sample size out of a hat gives rise to (1) ethical, (2) scientific, and (3) financial problems, because.Equations are provided, that can be used for the purpose.作者: SPURN 時(shí)間: 2025-3-26 11:27
Textbook 2016Latest edition ofp-values, but little answers to scientific questions. The pocket calculatoranalyses appears to be, particularly, appreciated, because they enable medicaland health professionals and students for the first time to understand thescientific methods of statistical reasoning and hypothesis testing. So作者: 兇殘 時(shí)間: 2025-3-26 14:44 作者: acetylcholine 時(shí)間: 2025-3-26 17:59
https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-663-05393-4ta tend to produce somewhat larger spread, and normal distributions turn into t-distributions (see also Chap. .). But as a first step, before any analysis, histograms and Gaussian curves are convenient even with small samples.作者: ordain 時(shí)間: 2025-3-26 22:23
Problems with Early Medieval Romanness,he term ordinal data is more appropriate for such data, and regression testing of ranks is more appropriate. The data need to be tested according to the magnitude of their rank numbers. This chapter is to assess how rank testing of regression models performs as compared to traditional linear regression.作者: 愛花花兒憤怒 時(shí)間: 2025-3-27 01:43 作者: 人造 時(shí)間: 2025-3-27 07:53 作者: Accord 時(shí)間: 2025-3-27 13:31 作者: sterilization 時(shí)間: 2025-3-27 14:35
Kendall-Tau Regression for Ordinal Datahe term ordinal data is more appropriate for such data, and regression testing of ranks is more appropriate. The data need to be tested according to the magnitude of their rank numbers. This chapter is to assess how rank testing of regression models performs as compared to traditional linear regression.作者: 導(dǎo)師 時(shí)間: 2025-3-27 20:16
Confidence Intervalsfidence interval. The chapter shows how it can be calculated. The 95?% confidence interval can be used as an alternative to statistical significance testing. The advantages are that the intervals picture expected mean results of future data, and that they can be applied for studying therapeutic equivalence and noninferiority (Chaps. . and .).作者: CRAFT 時(shí)間: 2025-3-27 22:53
Noninferiority Testing Instead of Null-Hypothesis Testings with an interval of equivalence in between, a single boundary. Noninferiority studies have been criticized for their wide margin of inferiority, making it, virtually, impossible to reject noninferiority. This chapter is to provide a three-step procedure to adequately analyze noninferiority trials.作者: chassis 時(shí)間: 2025-3-28 03:17
Data Spread, Standard Deviations square the departures first, and then add-up. The add-up sum of the squared departures is called the variance. The square root of the variance is called the standard deviation. This chapter shows how pocket calculators can be used for computation of standard deviations.作者: Expand 時(shí)間: 2025-3-28 06:55 作者: Decline 時(shí)間: 2025-3-28 13:03
Equivalence Testing Instead of Null-Hypothesis Testing adverse effects or other ancillary advantages. For the purpose of equivalence testing we need to set boundaries of equivalence prior to the study. After the study we check whether the 95?% confidence interval of the study is作者: interference 時(shí)間: 2025-3-28 16:51
Superiority Testing Instead of Null-Hypothesis Testingmay be a problem in practice, since lack of power indicates that the treatments are less efficacious than expected. Superiority testing assesses whether the final power of a study is in agreement with the power as stated in the protocol of the study. This chapter shows how superiority can be assessed.作者: 自制 時(shí)間: 2025-3-28 19:32
https://doi.org/10.1057/9780230593640vailable at that time, the numerical characteristics of the best fit Gaussian curves for any sample size was calculated. These characteristics were summarized in the famous t-table, which is still the basis of any statistical software program. This chapter is to assess how the t-table can be used for null-hypothesis testing.作者: Arthr- 時(shí)間: 2025-3-29 02:56
Alfred Loisy and the Great War, single outcome variable. However, they cannot assess the effect of predictors on the outcomes, because they do not allow for predictor variables. They can only test the significance of difference between the outcomes.作者: LUMEN 時(shí)間: 2025-3-29 03:42
https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-60906-1 such as two treatment modalities, e.g. a worse and better treatment. With hours of sleep on the y-axis, a nice linear regression analysis can be performed: with better sleeping treatment, larger numbers of sleeping hours will be observed. The treatment modality is called the x-variable.作者: Antagonism 時(shí)間: 2025-3-29 07:42
https://doi.org/10.1057/9780230628557erstates sensitivity. Probably, the best method for data imputation is multiple imputations (4), because this method works as a device for representing missing data uncertainty. However, a pocket calculator is unable to perform the analysis, and a statistical software package like SPSS statistical software is required.作者: follicular-unit 時(shí)間: 2025-3-29 14:18 作者: 運(yùn)動(dòng)的我 時(shí)間: 2025-3-29 15:33 作者: 序曲 時(shí)間: 2025-3-29 22:38 作者: 就職 時(shí)間: 2025-3-30 03:08 作者: 后天習(xí)得 時(shí)間: 2025-3-30 04:57
Criminal Law and Criminal Justice,se the responders to one treatment are more at risk of being non-responder to the other treatment and vice versa. Indeed, correlations is a very basic phenomenon in statistical analyses, and it almost entirely determines the results of regression analyses.作者: 有偏見 時(shí)間: 2025-3-30 08:29
Romance and Power in the Hollywood Easterng the increased risk of type I errors. This chapter will assess how it works. In the current chapter only continuous outcome data are adjusted for multiple testing. However, binary data can equally be assessed using the Bonferroni equation.作者: 跳脫衣舞的人 時(shí)間: 2025-3-30 14:38
Paired Continuous Data, Analysis with Help of Correlation Coefficientsse the responders to one treatment are more at risk of being non-responder to the other treatment and vice versa. Indeed, correlations is a very basic phenomenon in statistical analyses, and it almost entirely determines the results of regression analyses.作者: figment 時(shí)間: 2025-3-30 16:48 作者: Adulterate 時(shí)間: 2025-3-30 23:35 作者: 說笑 時(shí)間: 2025-3-31 03:51
Criminal Law and Criminal Justice,tting larger and the standard error getting smaller, the study will obtain increasing power. This chapter is to show how to compute from a study’s mean and standard error its statistical power. Power is equal to 1 minus the type II error (=1 – β).作者: GRAIN 時(shí)間: 2025-3-31 05:13
https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-663-12346-0 adverse effects or other ancillary advantages. For the purpose of equivalence testing we need to set boundaries of equivalence prior to the study. After the study we check whether the 95?% confidence interval of the study is作者: Crepitus 時(shí)間: 2025-3-31 10:08
https://doi.org/10.1057/9780230628557may be a problem in practice, since lack of power indicates that the treatments are less efficacious than expected. Superiority testing assesses whether the final power of a study is in agreement with the power as stated in the protocol of the study. This chapter shows how superiority can be assessed.作者: Detoxification 時(shí)間: 2025-3-31 16:25
Data Spread, Standard Deviationsures from the averages an index is needed. Why not simply add-up departures? However, this does not work, because generally the values higher and lower than the averages tend to even out, and the results would be zero. A pragmatic solution was taken by statisticians around the world. They decided to作者: Nomogram 時(shí)間: 2025-3-31 19:23 作者: 小畫像 時(shí)間: 2025-4-1 01:42 作者: jocular 時(shí)間: 2025-4-1 02:53 作者: Feigned 時(shí)間: 2025-4-1 08:54 作者: RAFF 時(shí)間: 2025-4-1 11:14
Paired Continuous Data (Paired T-Test, Wilcoxon Signed Rank Test)servations. As paired observations are usually more similar than unpaired observations, special tests are required in order to adjust for a positive correlation between the paired observations..Significant effects indicate that the null-hypothesis of no difference between the two outcome can be reje作者: custody 時(shí)間: 2025-4-1 17:53 作者: Arresting 時(shí)間: 2025-4-1 18:46
Linear Regression (Regression Coefficient, Correlation Coefficient and Their Standard Errors)n two unpaired treatment modalities. To understand how it works, picture a linear regression of cholesterol levels and diameters of coronary arteries. It will show that the higher the cholesterol, the narrower the coronary arteries. Cholesterol levels are drawn on the x-axis, coronary diameters on t作者: 變態(tài) 時(shí)間: 2025-4-2 00:36
