作者: conifer 時間: 2025-3-21 22:58
https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-10-0839-9COPD; Smoking; Systemic Inflammation; Protease; Anti-Protease; Exercise Therapy; Nutritional Therapy; Home 作者: 嘲笑 時間: 2025-3-22 01:51
978-981-10-9266-4Springer Science+Business Media Singapore 2017作者: 不來 時間: 2025-3-22 05:43
Reflux Aspiration and Lung Diseasenced chronic inflammatory response evoked by the presence of noxious particles or gases in the airways. The progression of airflow limitation has a tremendous impact on disease severity and overall prognosis. However, other factors, such as symptoms, exacerbations, or comorbidities, also have a cons作者: 不能和解 時間: 2025-3-22 12:27
Reflux Aspiration and Cystic Fibrosis many cases of COPD are caused by heavy cigarette smoking. However, besides cigarette smoking, occupational exposure to airborne particulates and pollutants are also known to be risk factors for developing COPD. Particularly, the indoor use of biomass fuel has been pointed out as one of the major ri作者: Conjuction 時間: 2025-3-22 15:17 作者: Conjuction 時間: 2025-3-22 18:13
S. Müller-Lissner,M. Starlinger,H. R. Koelz structural cellular changes contribute to mucus hypersecretion and destruction of the alveolar walls and a decline in forced expiratory volume in one second (FEV.). At the cellular level, macrophages, T lymphocytes, and neutrophils, driven by cytokines including interleukin-8 (IL-8), gather on the 作者: arcane 時間: 2025-3-22 22:44 作者: Countermand 時間: 2025-3-23 01:39 作者: OGLE 時間: 2025-3-23 05:44 作者: NORM 時間: 2025-3-23 10:01 作者: 分貝 時間: 2025-3-23 16:22
Stephen G. Perz,Angelica M. Almeydahogenesis of COPD, only ventilation limitation is not a problem, and many patients have also caused muscle dysfunction. Therefore, the treatment for the muscle dysfunction is required. Pulmonary rehabilitation has been shown to be as highly effective as pharmacotherapy for improving lung function as作者: SPURN 時間: 2025-3-23 21:38
Aristotle and the Priority of Actuality,portant in COPD, because cachexia is an independent predictor of mortality. In meta-analysis reported in 2012, nutritional support is effective to improve anthropometric measures and exercise capacity in patients with COPD. COPD is treatable disease, but its airflow limitation is not fully reversibl作者: 劇毒 時間: 2025-3-24 01:05 作者: dapper 時間: 2025-3-24 02:41
https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-7908-2066-9tolerance. Medications that increase the FEV. or change other spirometric variables, usually by altering airway smooth muscle tone, are termed bronchodilators, since the improvements in expiratory flow reflect widening of the airways rather than changes in lung elastic recoil. Such medications impro作者: thrombus 時間: 2025-3-24 08:02
https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-7908-2066-9sthma. Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is also an inflammatory disease of the airway, but because the type of inflammation in COPD differs from the type of inflammation in asthma and because pathology that diminishes the effectiveness of steroids is postulated in COPD, the therapeutic e作者: instructive 時間: 2025-3-24 14:18
https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-7908-2066-9 inflammation of the peripheral airways and lung parenchyma. The current therapeutic strategy for COPD consists mainly of the use of bronchodilators, such as long-acting muscarinic antagonists and long-acting beta stimulants. They reduce respiratory symptoms and exacerbations, but do not reduce airw作者: indignant 時間: 2025-3-24 17:57
https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-7908-2066-9oms that is beyond the normal day-to-day variations and leads to a change in medication. Since exacerbations are associated with deterioration of quality of life, accelerated rate of decline of lung function, increased mortality, and high socioeconomic costs, the prevention of exacerbations is one o作者: Acetaldehyde 時間: 2025-3-24 19:40 作者: 狂熱語言 時間: 2025-3-25 03:11
Respiratory Disease Series: Diagnostic Tools and Disease Managementshttp://image.papertrans.cn/c/image/226401.jpg作者: 臆斷 時間: 2025-3-25 04:37
https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-7908-2066-9nges, especially in severe and very severe patients, is not easily predictable from the improvement in FEV.. This chapter will describe some of the information that support the use of mono- or combined bronchodilator therapy in patients with COPD.作者: LIEN 時間: 2025-3-25 08:41 作者: 絕種 時間: 2025-3-25 13:19 作者: 甜食 時間: 2025-3-25 17:52
New Anti-inflammatory Drugs for COPD: Is There a Possibility of Developing Drugs That Can Fundamentaal candidates as anti-inflammatory drugs that would fundamentally suppress airway inflammation in COPD and might prevent progression of COPD. This chapter discusses some of the most promising new therapeutic drugs that have been discovered and describes the status of development of anti-inflammatory drugs in the field of COPD.作者: Rustproof 時間: 2025-3-25 23:19 作者: Texture 時間: 2025-3-26 01:39 作者: 不再流行 時間: 2025-3-26 07:15 作者: Spangle 時間: 2025-3-26 09:52 作者: 吃掉 時間: 2025-3-26 12:41
2509-5552 trates some comorbidities and associations with other respirThis book considers chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) not as a simple inflammation of the lung but as a systemic inflammatory disease. Beginning with epidemiological studies, etiology, diagnosis and treatment, it elaborates furth作者: 反抗者 時間: 2025-3-26 16:57 作者: APO 時間: 2025-3-26 22:17
Epidemiology of COPD: Why Is the Disease So Poorly Recognized? many cases of COPD are caused by heavy cigarette smoking. However, besides cigarette smoking, occupational exposure to airborne particulates and pollutants are also known to be risk factors for developing COPD. Particularly, the indoor use of biomass fuel has been pointed out as one of the major ri作者: Emmenagogue 時間: 2025-3-27 02:48
Genetic Predisposition to COPD: Are There Any Relevant Genes Determining the Susceptibility to Smokies on candidate genes and also genomic approaches such as genome-wide association studies (GWASs) have been used to discover genes involved in COPD pathogenesis. Though the 15q25 locus which encodes a family of nicotinic cholinergic receptors including . and . and also the other novel loci were repo作者: Constituent 時間: 2025-3-27 05:31
Pathogenesis of COPD (Persistence of Airway Inflammation): Why Does Airway Inflammation Persist Afte structural cellular changes contribute to mucus hypersecretion and destruction of the alveolar walls and a decline in forced expiratory volume in one second (FEV.). At the cellular level, macrophages, T lymphocytes, and neutrophils, driven by cytokines including interleukin-8 (IL-8), gather on the 作者: CODA 時間: 2025-3-27 11:23 作者: 輕浮思想 時間: 2025-3-27 17:39 作者: 歌劇等 時間: 2025-3-27 18:13
Pathogenesis of Comorbidities in COPD: By What Mechanism Does Long-Term Smoking Cause Systemic Inflahigh mortality in COPD, which is in part attributed to its comorbidities, it has been emphasized that COPD should be considered as a systemic disease rather than a disease localized to the airway. Even though some of the comorbidities are simply age related, shared risk factors such as tobacco smoke作者: DAMP 時間: 2025-3-27 23:34 作者: sacrum 時間: 2025-3-28 04:29
Exercise Therapy for COPD: How Is Exercise Therapy Significant?hogenesis of COPD, only ventilation limitation is not a problem, and many patients have also caused muscle dysfunction. Therefore, the treatment for the muscle dysfunction is required. Pulmonary rehabilitation has been shown to be as highly effective as pharmacotherapy for improving lung function as作者: 代理人 時間: 2025-3-28 09:07
Nutritional Therapy for COPD: What Is the Present State of Nutritional Therapy and Is There a Possibportant in COPD, because cachexia is an independent predictor of mortality. In meta-analysis reported in 2012, nutritional support is effective to improve anthropometric measures and exercise capacity in patients with COPD. COPD is treatable disease, but its airflow limitation is not fully reversibl作者: 禁令 時間: 2025-3-28 12:49
Long-Term Oxygen Therapy (or Home Oxygen Therapy) for COPD: The Present State and Future Problemse hypoxemia and the development of pulmonary hypertension, and improve mortality. The recommendations for HOT are based on the MRC and NOTT studies performed over 30 years ago. The indications for HOT based on the two studies may not necessarily be representative of today’s COPD patients. There is n作者: Recess 時間: 2025-3-28 17:52 作者: Bucket 時間: 2025-3-28 20:05 作者: 敬禮 時間: 2025-3-29 01:43
New Anti-inflammatory Drugs for COPD: Is There a Possibility of Developing Drugs That Can Fundamenta inflammation of the peripheral airways and lung parenchyma. The current therapeutic strategy for COPD consists mainly of the use of bronchodilators, such as long-acting muscarinic antagonists and long-acting beta stimulants. They reduce respiratory symptoms and exacerbations, but do not reduce airw作者: 灌溉 時間: 2025-3-29 06:39
Exacerbation of COPD: Why Do Exacerbations of COPD Attract Attention? Are There Any Preventive Methooms that is beyond the normal day-to-day variations and leads to a change in medication. Since exacerbations are associated with deterioration of quality of life, accelerated rate of decline of lung function, increased mortality, and high socioeconomic costs, the prevention of exacerbations is one o作者: cylinder 時間: 2025-3-29 11:14 作者: collagen 時間: 2025-3-29 12:04
Definition of Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD): Is the Latest GOLD Classification of Sevevidence. Although the GOLD classification was initially based on the severity of airflow limitation, the classification of symptoms, breathlessness, and risk of exacerbations as well as spirometry results was recently included because of the accumulated scientific evidence. In this chapter, we will作者: 柔美流暢 時間: 2025-3-29 18:03 作者: rods366 時間: 2025-3-29 21:56
Pathogenesis of COPD (Persistence of Airway Inflammation): Why Does Airway Inflammation Persist Afteinding oligomerization domain (NOD)-like receptors (NLRs), retinoic acid-inducible gene I (RIG-I)-like receptors (RLRs), and receptors for advanced glycation end products (RAGE) on lung epithelial cells, endothelial cells, and leukocytes in the lung. These actions bring about the production of cytok作者: 激怒 時間: 2025-3-30 02:57
Pathogenesis of COPD 3: Oxidative Stress – Is There a Possibility of Developing New Drugs from the S, focusing on the role of microRNAs in this disease. Finally, the current state and the future direction of antioxidant therapeutics in COPD are presented. Certain classes of antioxidants are expected to be developed into promising treatments for COPD. However, their current therapeutic potential re作者: Hormones 時間: 2025-3-30 05:43
Pathogenesis of COPD 4 – Cell Death, Senescence, and Autophagy: Is There a Possibility of Developing lysosomal self-degradation that helps maintain homeostatic balance between the synthesis, degradation, and recycling of cellular proteins and organelles. Autophagy is closely related with aging, since autophagy diminishes with aging, and accelerated aging can be attributed to reduced autophagy. Ins作者: Feature 時間: 2025-3-30 08:29
Pathogenesis of Comorbidities in COPD: By What Mechanism Does Long-Term Smoking Cause Systemic Inflain themselves, and the adverse effects of medication, may also contribute to the development of comorbidities..In this chapter, we present an overview of the systemic effects of tobacco smoke and the pathogenesis and clinical manifestations of extrapulmonary comorbidities related to COPD. We encoura作者: 法律 時間: 2025-3-30 16:12
Assessment of Inflammation in COPD: Are There any Biomarkers that Can be Used to Assess Pulmonary anfirst COPD biomarker to identify patients that are at a higher risk of exacerbation or death in clinical trials. Researchers hope this approval will accelerate trials for new medications. Serum C-reactive protein is another widely approved biomarker related to COPD diagnosis, exacerbation diagnosis,作者: CHOKE 時間: 2025-3-30 17:56
Exercise Therapy for COPD: How Is Exercise Therapy Significant?to daily life has drawn much attention recently. Thus, the improvement and maintenance of physical activity has become one of the objectives of pulmonary rehabilitation. To date, the evidence that rehabilitation directly improves physical activity is poor quality. In the daily life management of pat作者: ENACT 時間: 2025-3-30 22:31 作者: 支形吊燈 時間: 2025-3-31 03:34
