標(biāo)題: Titlebook: China’s Grain for Green Program; A Review of the Larg Claudio O. Delang,Zhen Yuan Book 2015 Springer International Publishing Switzerland 2 [打印本頁(yè)] 作者: 和尚吃肉片 時(shí)間: 2025-3-21 17:10
書(shū)目名稱(chēng)China’s Grain for Green Program影響因子(影響力)
書(shū)目名稱(chēng)China’s Grain for Green Program影響因子(影響力)學(xué)科排名
書(shū)目名稱(chēng)China’s Grain for Green Program網(wǎng)絡(luò)公開(kāi)度
書(shū)目名稱(chēng)China’s Grain for Green Program網(wǎng)絡(luò)公開(kāi)度學(xué)科排名
書(shū)目名稱(chēng)China’s Grain for Green Program被引頻次
書(shū)目名稱(chēng)China’s Grain for Green Program被引頻次學(xué)科排名
書(shū)目名稱(chēng)China’s Grain for Green Program年度引用
書(shū)目名稱(chēng)China’s Grain for Green Program年度引用學(xué)科排名
書(shū)目名稱(chēng)China’s Grain for Green Program讀者反饋
書(shū)目名稱(chēng)China’s Grain for Green Program讀者反饋學(xué)科排名
作者: 來(lái)自于 時(shí)間: 2025-3-21 21:17
http://image.papertrans.cn/c/image/225639.jpg作者: eustachian-tube 時(shí)間: 2025-3-22 02:11
https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-11505-4China; Land cover change; Reforestation; Rural development; Slope Land Conversion Program; Forestry Manag作者: intoxicate 時(shí)間: 2025-3-22 05:50 作者: Urologist 時(shí)間: 2025-3-22 09:43
Die Generierung von Zielsystemen,Until 1949 there was not even a Ministry of Forestry, with the forests being managed by the Ministry of Agriculture. The communist government did try to use forests more rationally, by instituting the first national-level Ministry of Forestry (MOF). However, the MOF was not able to manage the forest作者: 發(fā)炎 時(shí)間: 2025-3-22 16:05 作者: 發(fā)炎 時(shí)間: 2025-3-22 17:39
Die Generierung von Zielsystemen,es – Sichuan, Shaanxi and Gansu – in 1999. In particular, the Grain for Green was slowed down after 2003 because of fear (later found to be unfounded) over the impact that the Grain for Green had had on food supply, and because more land had been converted over the previous 2–3 years than originally作者: 易發(fā)怒 時(shí)間: 2025-3-22 22:37 作者: 欲望小妹 時(shí)間: 2025-3-23 01:52 作者: Decline 時(shí)間: 2025-3-23 09:03 作者: Pituitary-Gland 時(shí)間: 2025-3-23 09:51 作者: antiandrogen 時(shí)間: 2025-3-23 16:00
Soziologischer Theorienvergleichonal, provincial, prefectural, county, township) in its implementation. The implementation of the Grain for Green is complicated by the fact that China has traditionally had a very centralized political structure, with decisions being made in Beijing and little inputs from the regional and local gov作者: erythema 時(shí)間: 2025-3-23 18:26 作者: mydriatic 時(shí)間: 2025-3-24 02:11 作者: 指令 時(shí)間: 2025-3-24 05:47
https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-8349-9998-6ed to dominate before the Grain for Green was introduced, by relieving farmers from agricultural work, the Grain for Green has had a considerable impacts on the economic structure and potential sources of income. With the Grain for Green the income structure diversified, to include agriculture, Grai作者: connoisseur 時(shí)間: 2025-3-24 06:45
https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-8349-9998-6 off-farm employment. However, researchers found that in some areas farmers who joined the Grain for Green program migrated less. These farmers were able to improve the productivity of their remaining fields (as well as farm fields of those who had left), which resulted in higher incomes and removed作者: Harass 時(shí)間: 2025-3-24 13:30
https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-8349-9998-6and the subsidies are now set to end beginning in 2015 for the land that was first set aside, and later for other land. The question is whether the farmers will continue with the Grain for Green-induced land use changes, or will revert back to the pre-Grain for Green land uses once the subsidies end作者: MELON 時(shí)間: 2025-3-24 16:59 作者: 注入 時(shí)間: 2025-3-24 21:36 作者: 罵人有污點(diǎn) 時(shí)間: 2025-3-24 23:55
Management of Forest Resources from 1949 to 1998 Leap Forward resulted in great deforestation, as farmers cut large amounts of timber to aliment furnaces to melt pig iron, and as forests were cut to increase the amount of farmland. Deforestation also continued during the Cultural Revolution, when the government (including the MOF) was scaled down作者: 間諜活動(dòng) 時(shí)間: 2025-3-25 03:39
Farmers’ Compensationgher than the pre-Grain for Green incomes from crop cultivation, which means that the program raised farmers’ incomes. However, the Grain for Green could have converted more land with the same budget, or the same amount of land with a lower budget.作者: FOLD 時(shí)間: 2025-3-25 09:42 作者: callous 時(shí)間: 2025-3-25 13:46 作者: ureter 時(shí)間: 2025-3-25 18:54 作者: Clumsy 時(shí)間: 2025-3-25 20:57 作者: 昏睡中 時(shí)間: 2025-3-26 02:29
Rationales Handeln und soziale Prozessenot always been positive, given its emphasis on trees, rather than shrub or grass. Another important environmental impact of the Grain for Green is that of the amount of carbon sequestered by soil and trees. Unlike for the ecological impact on vegetation, water and soil, there are province- and nati作者: 宣誓書(shū) 時(shí)間: 2025-3-26 07:10 作者: PRISE 時(shí)間: 2025-3-26 12:24 作者: Crater 時(shí)間: 2025-3-26 14:16
https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-658-29738-1verted. Researchers argued that this might have been because program managers preferred to convert large tracks of adjacent land, and flat productive land might have been found between steeply sloped land.作者: 極端的正確性 時(shí)間: 2025-3-26 20:38
https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-658-29738-1 economic trees, because they generate higher and more regular incomes than ecological trees. However, the national standard is for ecological trees to make up 80 % of the total, and this is generally adhered to. In many places, farmers also claim that they do not have a choice of which plants to grow, but can only select from a few species.作者: 生氣地 時(shí)間: 2025-3-27 00:15
Rationales Handeln und soziale Prozesseow enough food for subsistence. On the other hand, most researchers found that the Grain for Green is now a very popular program, since the funds are rather generous and the payments regular, and there is a visible improvement in the ecological conditions of the areas where it has been implemented.作者: Nostalgia 時(shí)間: 2025-3-27 03:37
Land Selectionverted. Researchers argued that this might have been because program managers preferred to convert large tracks of adjacent land, and flat productive land might have been found between steeply sloped land.作者: catagen 時(shí)間: 2025-3-27 09:09 作者: 一回合 時(shí)間: 2025-3-27 11:36
Household Selection, Participation and Attitudesow enough food for subsistence. On the other hand, most researchers found that the Grain for Green is now a very popular program, since the funds are rather generous and the payments regular, and there is a visible improvement in the ecological conditions of the areas where it has been implemented.作者: finite 時(shí)間: 2025-3-27 17:32 作者: omnibus 時(shí)間: 2025-3-27 19:52
Book 2015o trees or grass. The program aims to improve the ecological conditions of much of China, and the socioeconomic circumstances of hundreds of millions of people. GfG is the largest reforestation, ecological restoration, and rural development initiative in history, combining the biggest investment, th作者: 入伍儀式 時(shí)間: 2025-3-27 22:34 作者: ALTER 時(shí)間: 2025-3-28 02:20
Soziologischer Theorienvergleichion of such a large program, involving over 30 million households in 1,897 counties nationwide, is bound to face problems at the planning and implementation stages, and we review some of these problems in this chapter.作者: narcissism 時(shí)間: 2025-3-28 06:28 作者: 任命 時(shí)間: 2025-3-28 12:40 作者: Cognizance 時(shí)間: 2025-3-28 18:30 作者: osteoclasts 時(shí)間: 2025-3-28 19:32 作者: STERN 時(shí)間: 2025-3-28 23:55
Einleitung und Gang der Untersuchung,crease in grain prices, was more likely due to the loss of farmland caused by urbanization in the eastern provinces (where the Grain for Green was not implemented), as well as the shift from grain production to the production of other crops.作者: 爭(zhēng)吵加 時(shí)間: 2025-3-29 03:39
https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-8349-9998-6chers agree that economic trees bring higher profits to the farmers, but even among economic trees, not all trees bring profits comparable to crops, once the subsidies are excluded from the calculation. Most researchers have looked at the benefits per hectare rather than the benefits per person-day.作者: 漫步 時(shí)間: 2025-3-29 10:11
China’s Reforestation and Rural Development Programsn provinces was reaching a critical point. The Grain for Green in particular addressed all these problems concurrently, through direct payments to poor farmers willing to set aside marginal land. Partly for this reason, the Grain for Green is considered by many as the best reforestation and rural development program ever undertaken in China.作者: 虛假 時(shí)間: 2025-3-29 14:57
Impact on Grain Output and Pricecrease in grain prices, was more likely due to the loss of farmland caused by urbanization in the eastern provinces (where the Grain for Green was not implemented), as well as the shift from grain production to the production of other crops.作者: 連詞 時(shí)間: 2025-3-29 18:46
Participants’ Income Levelschers agree that economic trees bring higher profits to the farmers, but even among economic trees, not all trees bring profits comparable to crops, once the subsidies are excluded from the calculation. Most researchers have looked at the benefits per hectare rather than the benefits per person-day.作者: 不斷的變動(dòng) 時(shí)間: 2025-3-29 21:14
Management of Forest Resources from 1949 to 1998Until 1949 there was not even a Ministry of Forestry, with the forests being managed by the Ministry of Agriculture. The communist government did try to use forests more rationally, by instituting the first national-level Ministry of Forestry (MOF). However, the MOF was not able to manage the forest作者: Misgiving 時(shí)間: 2025-3-30 02:05
China’s Reforestation and Rural Development Programser 97 % of China’s counties and target over 100 million ha of land for forestation. The Grain for Green is the largest of these programs, in terms of area covered, people affected, and money invested. This book only reviews the Grain for Green, but in many villages more than one program was introduc作者: 散開(kāi) 時(shí)間: 2025-3-30 04:48
Program Timelinees – Sichuan, Shaanxi and Gansu – in 1999. In particular, the Grain for Green was slowed down after 2003 because of fear (later found to be unfounded) over the impact that the Grain for Green had had on food supply, and because more land had been converted over the previous 2–3 years than originally作者: hypnotic 時(shí)間: 2025-3-30 09:53
Farmers’ Compensationegulations stipulate that compensation should only be paid if a large number of planted trees and grasses survive (initially 70 % in the Yellow River watershed and north China, and 85 % in the Yangtze River watershed and south China, later standardized to 75 % nation-wide). We show, however, that of
