標(biāo)題: Titlebook: Catalyst Characterization; Physical Techniques Boris Imelik,Jacques C. Vedrine Book 1994 Springer Science+Business Media New York 1994 M?s [打印本頁] 作者: DUMMY 時間: 2025-3-21 20:01
書目名稱Catalyst Characterization影響因子(影響力)
作者: Limpid 時間: 2025-3-21 22:47
https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-06858-4R region (10,000 > . > 50cm.) and particularly the middle region (4000 > . > 200cm.) corresponds to the energies of the vibrations and rotations of the molecules. These movements depend on molecular constants such as the molecular symmetry, the interatomic strength constants, the inertia momentum around some axis.作者: PSA-velocity 時間: 2025-3-22 02:45 作者: Salivary-Gland 時間: 2025-3-22 04:33
https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-08623-6ally analyzed in a given direction. Generally rare gas ions are used. This technique is also called LEIS or low-energy ion scattering because the energy of the primary ions is generally small (200 to 2000 eV) to avoid large target surface modifications.作者: kindred 時間: 2025-3-22 10:07 作者: 觀點(diǎn) 時間: 2025-3-22 13:18
Infrared Spectroscopy,R region (10,000 > . > 50cm.) and particularly the middle region (4000 > . > 200cm.) corresponds to the energies of the vibrations and rotations of the molecules. These movements depend on molecular constants such as the molecular symmetry, the interatomic strength constants, the inertia momentum around some axis.作者: 觀點(diǎn) 時間: 2025-3-22 17:24
,M?ssbauer Spectroscopy — Nuclear Gamma Resonance,otope of the element in question. Nuclear gamma resonance (NGR), is possible only for solids, as was shown by M?ssbauer in 1957. It is illustrated in Figure 8.1, which shows in particular the mean energy transition .. within a Lorentzian distribution with a linewidth .. (or Γ.).作者: 埋伏 時間: 2025-3-23 00:16
Ion Scattering Spectroscopy,ally analyzed in a given direction. Generally rare gas ions are used. This technique is also called LEIS or low-energy ion scattering because the energy of the primary ions is generally small (200 to 2000 eV) to avoid large target surface modifications.作者: exclamation 時間: 2025-3-23 05:20 作者: 別名 時間: 2025-3-23 09:03 作者: AVERT 時間: 2025-3-23 09:48 作者: 鞭打 時間: 2025-3-23 15:04 作者: Indolent 時間: 2025-3-23 18:22 作者: 發(fā)微光 時間: 2025-3-23 23:23
Scheduling and?Packing Under Uncertainty.e., negatively or positively charged ions) is called secondary ion mass spectrometry (SIMS). Ions of chemically inert gases are generally used in SIMS as primary exciting particles but, sometimes, for given purposes, more reactive ions such as O. . or Cs. are also employed.作者: 花爭吵 時間: 2025-3-24 05:53
Operations Research Proceedings 2021he complete atomic structure of the active phases of a catalyst. However, information on the short-range order of the atoms in catalysts can be obtained from the radial electron distribution function, which gives the distribution of all the interatomic distances present in the solids whatever their degree of order.作者: addict 時間: 2025-3-24 07:18
Vibrational Electron Energy Loss Spectroscopy, upon their energy values: those being closely connected to the substrate phonons (i.e., bulk or surface phonons) and the intramolecular vibrations of adsorbed species having higher energies, which can be considered as decoupled from the substrate.作者: 粗糙濫制 時間: 2025-3-24 12:51 作者: 恭維 時間: 2025-3-24 17:35
Determination of the Atomic Structure of Solid Catalysts by X-Ray Diffraction,he complete atomic structure of the active phases of a catalyst. However, information on the short-range order of the atoms in catalysts can be obtained from the radial electron distribution function, which gives the distribution of all the interatomic distances present in the solids whatever their degree of order.作者: 分散 時間: 2025-3-24 22:35
Book 1994 a wide range of products, from gasoline and plastics to fertilizers and herbicides, which would otherwise be unobtainable or prohibitive- ly expensive. There are few chemical-or oil-based material items in modern society that do not depend in some way on a catalytic stage in their manufacture. Apar作者: 為現(xiàn)場 時間: 2025-3-25 00:59 作者: 全神貫注于 時間: 2025-3-25 03:28
,An Uncertain Party (1953–1958),confirmation of the presence of a given paramagnetic species in a catalytic system to the more sophisticated and detailed description of an intermediate or of the coordination sphere of a particular paramagnetic ion supported on a carrier.作者: osculate 時間: 2025-3-25 09:26
Nuclear Magnetic Resonance in Heterogeneous Catalysis,the angular moment is expressed in . = ./2. units. The natural abundance, the relative sensitivity (compared to that of the proton), and the quadrupolar moment (where appropriate) of a limited selection of nuclei often encountered in catalysis are listed in Table 5.2.作者: Range-Of-Motion 時間: 2025-3-25 15:10 作者: 內(nèi)疚 時間: 2025-3-25 19:01
https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-06858-4sential for a meaningful comparison of catalysts prepared in different laboratories. The situation in this area has improved greatly during the last 20 years, but is still not entirely satisfactory. The second objective concerns the catalytic process. Schematically heterogeneous catalytic reactions involve five steps:作者: extrovert 時間: 2025-3-25 23:34
https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-07297-0nd adsorption, this spectroscopy is complementary to classical IR transmission because the selection rules are different, but in some cases it is the only spectroscopy able to detect adsorbent vibrations in a wave number range where the support itself is not transparent to IR radiation.作者: 樹膠 時間: 2025-3-26 04:05
Epilogue: A Department of Object Studies?,n electron microscopes (STEM) equipped with X-ray analyzers can be used to determine the local composition of catalysts with a spatial resolution as good as 1 nm in the case of field emission gun STEM. This is why electron microscopy is now in widespread use for catalyst characterization.作者: 其他 時間: 2025-3-26 05:30 作者: 散開 時間: 2025-3-26 10:43 作者: 釘牢 時間: 2025-3-26 16:18 作者: Goblet-Cells 時間: 2025-3-26 19:27 作者: 引起痛苦 時間: 2025-3-26 21:13 作者: 虛構(gòu)的東西 時間: 2025-3-27 05:11
https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4757-9589-9M?ssbauer spectroscopy; Raman spectroscopy; X-ray scattering; crystal; diffraction; electron diffraction; 作者: 逗留 時間: 2025-3-27 06:20
978-1-4757-9591-2Springer Science+Business Media New York 1994作者: Intentional 時間: 2025-3-27 09:26 作者: tangle 時間: 2025-3-27 15:13 作者: uveitis 時間: 2025-3-27 19:09
https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-06858-4tion of the catalysts; and (2) the acquisition of information relevant to understanding the catalytic phenomenon. The first objective consists of establishing an “identity card” for the catalyst, indicating its structure, morphology, and other fundamental physicochemical data. This information is es作者: evaculate 時間: 2025-3-27 23:31
https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-06858-4nformation so easily on the catalyst structure, its surface properties, the interacions sorbate-sorbent, and the reaction intermediates. Indeed, the IR region (10,000 > . > 50cm.) and particularly the middle region (4000 > . > 200cm.) corresponds to the energies of the vibrations and rotations of th作者: persistence 時間: 2025-3-28 04:41
https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-07297-0specially during the past two decades, owing to the development of better technology, i.e., laser sources, solid state detectors, photon counting, charge coupled device camera, signal sampling and averaging and noise filtering with computers, ultralow stray light monochromators, etc. For catalysis a作者: 香料 時間: 2025-3-28 06:35
https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-07297-0of homogeneous or heterogeneous catalyst supports. The observed bands are related to transitions between the electronic levels of the atoms, ions, complexes, or molecules (organic or inorganic), and various theories have been developed to help the interpretations.. Furthermore, the spectra of many c作者: 小口啜飲 時間: 2025-3-28 10:32 作者: 上腭 時間: 2025-3-28 15:35 作者: SLAG 時間: 2025-3-28 22:09
Roger Martelli,Jean Vigreux,Serge Wolikowse techniques the effect of a microwave irradiation is to flip the magnetic moments oriented in a magnetic field. Unlike EPR or NMR resonances, which operate on nuclear or electron spin, FMR concerns magnetic domains of a ferromagnetic material, i.e., the so-called Weiss domains. The first observati作者: AV-node 時間: 2025-3-28 23:26 作者: flimsy 時間: 2025-3-29 04:01 作者: 修飾語 時間: 2025-3-29 07:45
Roger Martelli,Jean Vigreux,Serge Wolikowastic electron tunneling spectroscopy (IETS), Raman spectroscopy, and electron energy loss spectroscopy (EELS). This last technique is the most recent, and still under development with respect to both the technical and the theoretical points of view. We will not describe here details of the basic pr作者: Acquired 時間: 2025-3-29 14:54
Scheduling and?Packing Under Uncertaintylow (typically less than 2 keV), the target surface can scatter the incident ions by an elastic collision mechanism. Analysis of the energetics of this collision is called ion scattering spectroscopy ISS, which is reviewed in Chapter 12. In addition to this elastic collision, in particular for highe作者: crumble 時間: 2025-3-29 18:49
https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-08623-6 solid target. More precisely, the ions coming from a monoenergetic ion beam scattered by the surface of the material to be investigated are energetically analyzed in a given direction. Generally rare gas ions are used. This technique is also called LEIS or low-energy ion scattering because the ener作者: 聯(lián)邦 時間: 2025-3-29 23:13 作者: 開玩笑 時間: 2025-3-30 01:54
Operations Research Proceedings 2021alytic properties of the material. These phases are often in a state of fine division, i.e., a large fraction of the atoms are on the surface and therefore they do not have the same coordination as those in the deep layers of a bulk material. Moreover, the structure of these phases as often as not e作者: syncope 時間: 2025-3-30 07:03 作者: 變化 時間: 2025-3-30 10:19
The Benefits of Modern Efficiency, its sensitivity to the top first layers of solid materials. and to the chemical state of all elements, namely the oxidation state and covalency or ionic types of bondings. The technique suffers from its own physical principle as it must be carried out in a high vacuum. This feature requires cumbers作者: 動物 時間: 2025-3-30 13:10
https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-09027-1. Here, we are dealing with a newly developed technique which until now has been applied mainly to simple systems. No real catalytic application has yet been investigated, but as a surface technique, its future development is expected to give new insights to catalysis.作者: FRAX-tool 時間: 2025-3-30 18:47 作者: NADIR 時間: 2025-3-30 21:03
Boris Imelik,Jacques C. VedrineThis book presents a comprehensive view of all catalyst characterization techniques..It is unique in offering both spectroscopic and non-spectroscopic techniques..It is also unique in that any reader 作者: receptors 時間: 2025-3-31 03:33 作者: Carcinogenesis 時間: 2025-3-31 07:27
1574-0447 t deeper levels of understanding, and these have been associated with a continually growing amount of published material. As recentlyas sixty years ago, Rideal and Taylor could still treat the subject comprehen978-1-4757-9591-2978-1-4757-9589-9Series ISSN 1574-0447 作者: 褲子 時間: 2025-3-31 10:31 作者: 音樂等 時間: 2025-3-31 14:05
Ferromagnetic Resonance,me as we shall see later on, is about three orders of magnitude greater than the magnetic moment of an electron. As a consequence, a quantum mechanical description of FMR phenomena is not necessary as it is for EPR or NMR spectroscopies. Furthermore, the temperature-dependent magnetization of ferrom作者: 裙帶關(guān)系 時間: 2025-3-31 21:22
Auger Electron Spectroscopy,teristic of the electronic levels involved and therefore of the analyzed material. This process was first discovered by Auger. and the ejected electrons are called (.) Auger electrons, where . indicates the deep level ., ..,...) on which has been created the hole which is then filled by an electron 作者: 賭博 時間: 2025-4-1 01:17
Small-Angle X-Ray Scattering,forward for a two-phase system, with uniform density in each phase, but much more intricate for multicomponent catalysts. In this case complementary information (electron microscopy, gas adsorption) will be indispensable for interpretation of the scattering data.作者: Instrumental 時間: 2025-4-1 03:21 作者: overture 時間: 2025-4-1 07:49 作者: IVORY 時間: 2025-4-1 10:58
Roger Martelli,Jean Vigreux,Serge Wolikowteristic of the electronic levels involved and therefore of the analyzed material. This process was first discovered by Auger. and the ejected electrons are called (.) Auger electrons, where . indicates the deep level ., ..,...) on which has been created the hole which is then filled by an electron 作者: chondromalacia 時間: 2025-4-1 16:28
Lightening Our Carbon Hoofprint,forward for a two-phase system, with uniform density in each phase, but much more intricate for multicomponent catalysts. In this case complementary information (electron microscopy, gas adsorption) will be indispensable for interpretation of the scattering data.
