作者: 表主動 時間: 2025-3-21 20:19
Andrei K. Abramian,Sergei A. Vakulenko view short-term tests as holding some promise and utility for risk analysis. Among the latter group, there were those who believed that short-term tests were useful for making qualitative judgments only and they should not have an impact on quantitative risk analysis. Others felt that the main valu作者: 嚴厲批評 時間: 2025-3-22 00:36 作者: exceptional 時間: 2025-3-22 05:10 作者: FECK 時間: 2025-3-22 09:55 作者: EXTOL 時間: 2025-3-22 16:49
Managing Environmental Risksation of the early 1950s. Per capita income had increased steadily in the post-war period and fears of a deep depression had evaporated with the steady performance of the economy over two and a half decades. In short, immediate, high-level concerns had been satisfied and other issues might emerge to作者: EXTOL 時間: 2025-3-22 19:02
Sotirios Natsiavas,Elias ParaskevopoulosThere are a number of biological factors which may enhance one’s susceptibility to experience adverse health effects from exposure to toxic substances, including car cinogens. These include one’s age, sex, genetic composition, nutritional status, and preexisting disease conditions (Calabrese, 1978, 1984, 1985, 1986; Propping, 1978).作者: Acetabulum 時間: 2025-3-22 22:24
Animal Extrapolation and the Challenge of Human Interindividual VariationThere are a number of biological factors which may enhance one’s susceptibility to experience adverse health effects from exposure to toxic substances, including car cinogens. These include one’s age, sex, genetic composition, nutritional status, and preexisting disease conditions (Calabrese, 1978, 1984, 1985, 1986; Propping, 1978).作者: 橢圓 時間: 2025-3-23 04:00 作者: NAIVE 時間: 2025-3-23 09:32
The Stability of Non-linear Power Systems,sk characterization (National Research Council, 1983). Animal bioassays are fundamental in furnishing information directly relevant to the first two of these factors, identification of the hazard and dose-response assessment.作者: 乏味 時間: 2025-3-23 12:51
Marcelo Messias,Alisson C. Reinole curves and assessing cancer risk. Of far greater relevance to risk is the actual amount of carcinogen that has interracted with target cellular molecules such as DNA, RNA, or protein—the biologically effective dose of the carcinogenic substance.作者: 費解 時間: 2025-3-23 17:09
https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-99-9907-1he society at large. A risk may be acceptable to the consumer of a product or technology, but those who receive no benefit but some risk from the technology may disagree. A risk which was accepted in prospect may become unacceptable in hindsight.作者: 推測 時間: 2025-3-23 20:15
Contemporary Issues in Risk Analysishttp://image.papertrans.cn/c/image/221690.jpg作者: Horizon 時間: 2025-3-23 23:51 作者: 我就不公正 時間: 2025-3-24 06:22
Biological Markers in Risk Assessmente curves and assessing cancer risk. Of far greater relevance to risk is the actual amount of carcinogen that has interracted with target cellular molecules such as DNA, RNA, or protein—the biologically effective dose of the carcinogenic substance.作者: 混合物 時間: 2025-3-24 09:48
Acceptable Riskhe society at large. A risk may be acceptable to the consumer of a product or technology, but those who receive no benefit but some risk from the technology may disagree. A risk which was accepted in prospect may become unacceptable in hindsight.作者: BOGUS 時間: 2025-3-24 14:37 作者: Resistance 時間: 2025-3-24 16:23
https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-662-08992-7h to improve this process, it is useful to discuss carcinogenesis with an emphasis on mechanism. Although the mecha nism of action of no carcinogen is completely characterized, the efforts over the last ten years have been very fruitful, and mechanistic explanations of a number of components in the 作者: Shuttle 時間: 2025-3-24 20:11
Andrei K. Abramian,Sergei A. Vakulenkoermingled with economic, societal, and political values. The concept that short-term tests, which will be defined and described later in this chapter, can affect the final outcome of a risk analysis is both recent and controversial. While we have not conducted a scientifically valid survey, we have 作者: etidronate 時間: 2025-3-24 23:30 作者: 多樣 時間: 2025-3-25 05:28
Generalized Measures for Large Deformations,ys and extent of human exposure to toxic chemicals. Because of the complex processes involved, exposure as sessment is often the most resource demanding part of evaluating the risks of human exposure to environmental pollutants (Office of Science and Technology Policy, 1985). This chapter provides a作者: Constituent 時間: 2025-3-25 08:26 作者: 托人看管 時間: 2025-3-25 15:44
Farit Zakiryanov,Marat Fakhretdinov these chemicals on animals and man. This awareness has generated a demand for a rational means of estimating risk and of limiting exposure where risk is judged excessive. An outcome of this awareness has been the emergence of the field of risk assessment. Risk assessment synthesizes all available d作者: vibrant 時間: 2025-3-25 17:13
Solution of the Equation of Motion,ironmental dose levels to which humans are generally exposed. These models are empirical in nature and lack a biological basis. It has long been recognized that the accuracy with which a mathematical model predicts cancer risks at low doses is dependent upon the validity of the underlying biological作者: 滴注 時間: 2025-3-25 20:24 作者: 季雨 時間: 2025-3-26 03:12
Hai-En Du,Guo-Kang Er,Vai Pan Iual issues are likely to be the focus of attention. Only when short-term health problems are under control, income is at a high level, and other immediate threats such as war are viewed as being under control is the environment likely to emerge as a major social concern (Lave, 1980a). The late 1960s 作者: Ascendancy 時間: 2025-3-26 04:40
https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-99-9907-1he society at large. A risk may be acceptable to the consumer of a product or technology, but those who receive no benefit but some risk from the technology may disagree. A risk which was accepted in prospect may become unacceptable in hindsight.作者: 粉筆 時間: 2025-3-26 09:59 作者: 線 時間: 2025-3-26 14:48
Impact of Time Delay on Traffic Flow, the light, there was a small risk of electrocution. Every year about 200 people are electrocuted in the United States in accidents involving home wiring or appliances, representing a risk of death of about 10. per year, or 7 × 10. per lifetime. To reduce this risk, he got the wiring replaced. When 作者: 內(nèi)向者 時間: 2025-3-26 17:10 作者: Invigorate 時間: 2025-3-26 22:10 作者: 他很靈活 時間: 2025-3-27 04:35
Impact of Time Delay on Traffic Flow,and have led numerous observers to argue that the public’s apparent pursuit of a “zero-risk society” threatens the nation’s political and economic stability. Political Sci entist Aaron Wildavsky commented on this state of affairs (Wildavsky, 1979):作者: APNEA 時間: 2025-3-27 06:43 作者: Morphine 時間: 2025-3-27 10:19
https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-662-08992-7 completely characterized, the efforts over the last ten years have been very fruitful, and mechanistic explanations of a number of components in the grand design that is carcinogenesis have been described in detail.作者: Cerumen 時間: 2025-3-27 16:49
Generalized Measures for Large Deformations,ng part of evaluating the risks of human exposure to environmental pollutants (Office of Science and Technology Policy, 1985). This chapter provides an overview of some of the important aspects of exposure assessment.作者: Arboreal 時間: 2025-3-27 18:49 作者: spondylosis 時間: 2025-3-28 01:27 作者: 箴言 時間: 2025-3-28 04:14 作者: Enteropathic 時間: 2025-3-28 06:38 作者: Panther 時間: 2025-3-28 14:01
Pharmacokinetics is judged excessive. An outcome of this awareness has been the emergence of the field of risk assessment. Risk assessment synthesizes all available data on exposure to chemicals and combines it with the best scientific judgment to estimate the associated risk.作者: 背信 時間: 2025-3-28 15:51 作者: 骨 時間: 2025-3-28 20:37 作者: TAP 時間: 2025-3-29 02:39 作者: Halfhearted 時間: 2025-3-29 06:06
Partitioning Modelsia, and estimation of the toxic effects on organisms, populations, communities, and ecosystems. Examples are the series of reports published in the United States by the National Academy of Sciences/National Research Council and in Canada by the Environmental Secretariat of the National Research Council.作者: Atmosphere 時間: 2025-3-29 10:48
Biologically-Based Models to Predict Cancer Riskrestimate risk at low doses. Historically, regulatory agencies have had to use the available models in the absence of more appropriate alternatives; however, this is no longer the case. Our under standing of the mechanisms of carcinogenesis has advanced to a point where use of a biologically-based cancer model is now feasible.作者: 艱苦地移動 時間: 2025-3-29 12:13
The Risk Analysis Processd with toxic chemical exposures. This two-step process, to first evaluate risk and then decide what, if anything, should be done to reduce exposures, was first adopted by the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) in 1976 in its announcement of guidelines for assessing cancer risk (EPA, 1976; Albert 作者: amphibian 時間: 2025-3-29 17:26
Current Views of the Biology of Cancerh to improve this process, it is useful to discuss carcinogenesis with an emphasis on mechanism. Although the mecha nism of action of no carcinogen is completely characterized, the efforts over the last ten years have been very fruitful, and mechanistic explanations of a number of components in the 作者: 愛好 時間: 2025-3-29 20:14 作者: 身體萌芽 時間: 2025-3-30 00:42
Use of Animal Bioassay Data in Carcinogen Risk Assessmentsk characterization (National Research Council, 1983). Animal bioassays are fundamental in furnishing information directly relevant to the first two of these factors, identification of the hazard and dose-response assessment.作者: 鴿子 時間: 2025-3-30 05:38 作者: 消毒 時間: 2025-3-30 10:39
Partitioning Modelsr duration. In this chapter, we outline the structure of such exposure assessments using relatively simple partitioning models and provide an illustration of the underlying concepts. A full-scale exposure analysis may involve an extensive program of data collection, determination, and interpretation作者: 失敗主義者 時間: 2025-3-30 16:11
Pharmacokinetics these chemicals on animals and man. This awareness has generated a demand for a rational means of estimating risk and of limiting exposure where risk is judged excessive. An outcome of this awareness has been the emergence of the field of risk assessment. Risk assessment synthesizes all available d作者: 膽大 時間: 2025-3-30 17:56
Biologically-Based Models to Predict Cancer Riskironmental dose levels to which humans are generally exposed. These models are empirical in nature and lack a biological basis. It has long been recognized that the accuracy with which a mathematical model predicts cancer risks at low doses is dependent upon the validity of the underlying biological作者: Forage飼料 時間: 2025-3-30 21:32 作者: Allure 時間: 2025-3-31 01:07
