標(biāo)題: Titlebook: Bonus-Malus Systems in Automobile Insurance; Jean Lemaire Book 1995 Springer Science+Business Media New York 1995 Distribution.deregulatio [打印本頁(yè)] 作者: ALOOF 時(shí)間: 2025-3-21 17:47
書(shū)目名稱(chēng)Bonus-Malus Systems in Automobile Insurance影響因子(影響力)
書(shū)目名稱(chēng)Bonus-Malus Systems in Automobile Insurance影響因子(影響力)學(xué)科排名
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作者: carotid-bruit 時(shí)間: 2025-3-21 21:11
Book 1995eated to evaluatethat toughness and provide a tentative classification of all systems.Then, factor analysis is used to aggregate and summarize the data, andprovide a final ranking of all systems. Part III is an up-to-datereview of all the probability models that have been proposed for thedesign of a作者: 壓碎 時(shí)間: 2025-3-22 01:31 作者: floaters 時(shí)間: 2025-3-22 04:55 作者: 圣歌 時(shí)間: 2025-3-22 12:17 作者: 慢跑鞋 時(shí)間: 2025-3-22 16:25
A Typical Bonus-Malus Evolution: The Belgian Case classification variables in the rating of automobile third-party liability policies. Only some characteristics of the car model (engine displacement or power, sporting nature) were used to differentiate premiums, along with a very moderate deductible for young drivers. Territory was used by only a 作者: compose 時(shí)間: 2025-3-22 17:57
Models for the Claim Number Distributionoisson distribution is shown to provide a good description of the behavior of individual policyholders. It will be used in chapters 4 to 9 to compare the different BMS from a policyholder’s perspective. The Poisson is, however, inadequate to describe the number of losses in an insurance portfolio. T作者: BRINK 時(shí)間: 2025-3-22 23:35 作者: 屈尊 時(shí)間: 2025-3-23 01:38
Tool 2: The Coefficient of Variation of the Insured’s Premiumsthe variability of insureds’ payments is zero. With experience rating, personalized premiums will vary from year to year, according to claims history; cooperation between drivers is weakened. Solidarity between insureds can be evaluated by a measure of the variability of annual premiums. The coeffic作者: ETCH 時(shí)間: 2025-3-23 07:54 作者: 肉身 時(shí)間: 2025-3-23 11:50 作者: 惡名聲 時(shí)間: 2025-3-23 16:20 作者: 享樂(lè)主義者 時(shí)間: 2025-3-23 19:24 作者: vibrant 時(shí)間: 2025-3-24 00:11 作者: 膠狀 時(shí)間: 2025-3-24 05:50 作者: 襲擊 時(shí)間: 2025-3-24 10:04 作者: Gourmet 時(shí)間: 2025-3-24 11:03
Local Symbols and Existence Theoremaims heavily will exhibit high RSAL, high premium variability, high elasticity, and high average optimal retentions. These four measures, presented in tables 4–1, 5–1, 6–1, and 7–1 for a policyholder with claim frequency 0.10, are, however, highly positively correlated, as shown in table 8–1.作者: 送秋波 時(shí)間: 2025-3-24 17:02 作者: Inscrutable 時(shí)間: 2025-3-24 20:00
Local Flaps in Facial ReconstructionIn Part 3, Bayesian analysis is applied to design optimal bonus-malus systems using the different models for claim number distributions presented in chapter 3. The decision problem is formulated in a game-theoretic framework. Several loss functions and premium calculation principles are applied to calculate optimal BMS.作者: MOT 時(shí)間: 2025-3-25 02:51
Local Flaps in Facial ReconstructionIn chapter 10, it was shown that a bonus-malus system based on the expected value principle obtains when a quadratic loss function is used. Although this type of loss function possesses important theoretical properties, more often than not the main reason for using it lies in the simplicity of computations.作者: genuine 時(shí)間: 2025-3-25 04:18 作者: 和音 時(shí)間: 2025-3-25 10:55
Construction of an Optimal System. Expected Value PrincipleIn Part 3, Bayesian analysis is applied to design optimal bonus-malus systems using the different models for claim number distributions presented in chapter 3. The decision problem is formulated in a game-theoretic framework. Several loss functions and premium calculation principles are applied to calculate optimal BMS.作者: nephritis 時(shí)間: 2025-3-25 11:57
Other Loss Functions. Other Premium Calculation PrinciplesIn chapter 10, it was shown that a bonus-malus system based on the expected value principle obtains when a quadratic loss function is used. Although this type of loss function possesses important theoretical properties, more often than not the main reason for using it lies in the simplicity of computations.作者: 靦腆 時(shí)間: 2025-3-25 16:45
Penalization of OverchargesThe following approach is an adaptation to the determination of a BMS of a suggestion by Ferreira (1977) for the Control Authorities of the Commonwealth of Massachusetts. It is based on the use of utility functions, which enable us to break the symmetry between overcharges and undercharges.作者: capsaicin 時(shí)間: 2025-3-25 23:57
https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-011-0631-3Distribution; deregulation; evaluation; insurance; rating作者: Anhydrous 時(shí)間: 2025-3-26 02:16
978-94-010-4275-8Springer Science+Business Media New York 1995作者: dissolution 時(shí)間: 2025-3-26 06:04
James Damon,Peter Giblin,Gareth Haslingervariables include age, sex, and occupation of the main driver, the town where he resides, and the type and use of his car. More exotic variables, such as the driver’s marital status and smoking behavior, or even the color of his car, have been introduced in some countries. Such variables are often c作者: Adrenal-Glands 時(shí)間: 2025-3-26 10:26
James Damon,Peter Giblin,Gareth Haslinger classification variables in the rating of automobile third-party liability policies. Only some characteristics of the car model (engine displacement or power, sporting nature) were used to differentiate premiums, along with a very moderate deductible for young drivers. Territory was used by only a 作者: 無(wú)意 時(shí)間: 2025-3-26 13:39 作者: 單調(diào)性 時(shí)間: 2025-3-26 17:42 作者: Canary 時(shí)間: 2025-3-26 23:42
https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4757-5673-9the variability of insureds’ payments is zero. With experience rating, personalized premiums will vary from year to year, according to claims history; cooperation between drivers is weakened. Solidarity between insureds can be evaluated by a measure of the variability of annual premiums. The coeffic作者: anagen 時(shí)間: 2025-3-27 01:42
Local Symbols and Existence Theoremssumed that the random variables “number of claims” and “claim amount” are independent. This assumption essentially states that the cost of an accident is for the most part beyond the control of a policyholder. If someone drives too fast and skids off the road, he may end up in a tree, or he may per作者: aneurysm 時(shí)間: 2025-3-27 05:21 作者: 原告 時(shí)間: 2025-3-27 10:35
Local Symbols and Existence Theoremaims heavily will exhibit high RSAL, high premium variability, high elasticity, and high average optimal retentions. These four measures, presented in tables 4–1, 5–1, 6–1, and 7–1 for a policyholder with claim frequency 0.10, are, however, highly positively correlated, as shown in table 8–1.作者: 愚蠢人 時(shí)間: 2025-3-27 15:59
https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-658-09768-4: a strong clustering of policies in the high-discount classes. With only a two-class penalty for the first claim, the system was designed for an average claim frequency close to 1/3. The much lower claim frequencies observed since the 1974 oil shock created an increasing lack of financial balance, 作者: Ambiguous 時(shí)間: 2025-3-27 19:20 作者: 悲觀 時(shí)間: 2025-3-27 23:22
https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-49464-2eir properties (see, for instance, Gerber, 1974a, 1974b, and Goovaerts, De Vijlder and Haezendonck, 1984). While this line of research may have been instrumental in inducing insurers to reevaluate their rating principles, it mostly focused on risk premiums (net premiums and safety loadings), while c作者: 天氣 時(shí)間: 2025-3-28 02:26
Huebner International Series on Risk, Insurance and Economic Securityhttp://image.papertrans.cn/b/image/189752.jpg作者: Adj異類(lèi)的 時(shí)間: 2025-3-28 07:24
James Damon,Peter Giblin,Gareth Haslinger that they should be charged a lower premium. Moreover, if a company was to disregard this variable and charge an average premium to everyone, regardless of gender, most of its female policyholders would switch to another carrier, leaving the company with a disproportionate population of males and insufficient premium income to pay for claims.作者: ensemble 時(shí)間: 2025-3-28 12:31 作者: 條約 時(shí)間: 2025-3-28 18:23
0924-5014 ng at-fault accidents by premium surcharges andrewarding claim-free years by discounts, are called bonus-malussystems (BMS) in Europe and Asia. With the current deregulation trendsthat concern most insurance markets around the world, many companieswill need to develop their own BMS. The main objecti作者: 萬(wàn)靈丹 時(shí)間: 2025-3-28 19:49 作者: Vulvodynia 時(shí)間: 2025-3-28 23:29
https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4757-5673-9 cooperation between drivers is weakened. Solidarity between insureds can be evaluated by a measure of the variability of annual premiums. The coefficient of variation (standard deviation divided by mean) was selected, as it is a dimensionless parameter. There is thus no need for currency conversions.作者: 思考而得 時(shí)間: 2025-3-29 06:09 作者: 聯(lián)邦 時(shí)間: 2025-3-29 10:15 作者: 劇本 時(shí)間: 2025-3-29 11:26
Tool 2: The Coefficient of Variation of the Insured’s Premiums cooperation between drivers is weakened. Solidarity between insureds can be evaluated by a measure of the variability of annual premiums. The coefficient of variation (standard deviation divided by mean) was selected, as it is a dimensionless parameter. There is thus no need for currency conversions.作者: 執(zhí) 時(shí)間: 2025-3-29 16:17
Tool 4: The Average Optimal Retentiontors. In Germany, for instance, the policy wording specifies that if the insured voluntarily reimburses the carrier for the cost of the claim, the penalty will not be applied. Moreover, if the claim amount does not exceed DM 1,000, the company is legally required to inform the policyholder of his right to reimburse the loss.作者: Amorous 時(shí)間: 2025-3-29 20:39 作者: Subjugate 時(shí)間: 2025-3-30 03:27 作者: 新娘 時(shí)間: 2025-3-30 06:15 作者: 思想上升 時(shí)間: 2025-3-30 10:17 作者: 犬儒主義者 時(shí)間: 2025-3-30 12:50 作者: 草率女 時(shí)間: 2025-3-30 18:09
https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-658-09768-4d the Professional Union of Insurance Companies to set up a study group and suggest a new system to the regulatory authorities (see Lemaire, 1988a). The new system was implemented late in 1992. It penalizes the first claim by four classes.作者: 結(jié)果 時(shí)間: 2025-3-30 23:56
Tool 3: The Elasticity of a Bonus-Malus System degree of care exercised by a driver will mostly influence his number of accidents, but in a much lesser way the cost of these accidents. Bad drivers will provoke more claims, but not necessarily more expensive claims.作者: obtuse 時(shí)間: 2025-3-31 03:07 作者: 正常 時(shí)間: 2025-3-31 08:54 作者: exorbitant 時(shí)間: 2025-3-31 09:13
Tool 1: The Relative Stationary Average Levels Kenya and Brazil. Several of these countries have recently modified their system. In these cases both the old and the new BMS are studied in order to investigate the impact of the recent modifications. In some countries many different BMS coexist; only one or two typical systems are then analyzed. All BMS are described in appendix B.
