作者: 繁殖 時(shí)間: 2025-3-21 23:16
Demography and Death by Violenceacting with them through intermediate binding proteins. We describe an in vitro assay for measuring receptor-kinase activity in .. This assay has been used to investigate the mechanism of signal transduction in . chemotaxis and the disparate mechanisms employed by this bacterium for sensory adaptation and gradient sensing.作者: 巧思 時(shí)間: 2025-3-22 00:29 作者: 松馳 時(shí)間: 2025-3-22 04:49
In Vitro Assay for Measuring Receptor-Kinase Activity in the , Chemotaxis Pathwayacting with them through intermediate binding proteins. We describe an in vitro assay for measuring receptor-kinase activity in .. This assay has been used to investigate the mechanism of signal transduction in . chemotaxis and the disparate mechanisms employed by this bacterium for sensory adaptation and gradient sensing.作者: ASSET 時(shí)間: 2025-3-22 10:20
Tuning Chemoreceptor Signaling by Positioning Aromatic Residues at the Lipid–Aqueous Interfaceg within the aspartate chemoreceptor of . (Tar). We have also employed the method within other related proteins, such as sensor histidine kinases (SHKs), and therefore hope that other research groups find it useful to modulate signal output from their receptor of interest.作者: 修改 時(shí)間: 2025-3-22 13:01
Carolina Hausmann-Stabile,Lauren E. Gulbasication of this assay that uses a hydrogel matrix to enable quantitative time-course measurements by analyzing image pixel intensities. This approach allows a high-throughput method when coupled with the aid of a motorized microscope stage.作者: 抱負(fù) 時(shí)間: 2025-3-22 17:16
Kseniya Katsman,Elizabeth L. Jeglicasuring the response of cells to the gradient without exposing them to any flow. Unlike other methods described in the literature, this method is capable of producing gradients of any shape, almost instantaneously, allowing the measurement of time-dependent response of cells to a variety of signals.作者: 旋轉(zhuǎn)一周 時(shí)間: 2025-3-22 23:57 作者: 委屈 時(shí)間: 2025-3-23 03:36
Quantification of Bacterial Chemotaxis Responses at the Mouths of Hydrogel Capillariesication of this assay that uses a hydrogel matrix to enable quantitative time-course measurements by analyzing image pixel intensities. This approach allows a high-throughput method when coupled with the aid of a motorized microscope stage.作者: Horizon 時(shí)間: 2025-3-23 07:43
A Static Microfluidic Device for Investigating the Chemotaxis Response to Stable, Non-linear Gradienasuring the response of cells to the gradient without exposing them to any flow. Unlike other methods described in the literature, this method is capable of producing gradients of any shape, almost instantaneously, allowing the measurement of time-dependent response of cells to a variety of signals.作者: 咆哮 時(shí)間: 2025-3-23 12:48
All-Codon Mutagenesis for Structure-Function Studies of Chemotaxis Signaling Proteinse provide general protocols for mutagenesis of a target codon in a plasmid-borne gene and for the selection and screening of the resultant mutants. These techniques should be adaptable for the study of a variety of bacterial proteins.作者: Brain-Waves 時(shí)間: 2025-3-23 15:01
Book 2018odel species, such as .Escherichia coli. and .Salmonella typhimurium., while being also applicable to a wide spectrum of other species. Beginning with an introduction, the sections of the book explore methods for studying bacterial chemotaxis at the population and whole-cell levels, in vivo analysis作者: 枕墊 時(shí)間: 2025-3-23 20:57 作者: 袖章 時(shí)間: 2025-3-24 01:54 作者: Indict 時(shí)間: 2025-3-24 04:19
Kseniya Katsman,Elizabeth L. Jeglicre captured on the membrane and imaged using confocal laser scanning microscopy (CLSM). Chemotaxis toward specific molecules produced by the biofilm, such as autoinducer-2 (AI-2), can be studied using this setup. This system can be adapted to study chemotaxis toward poly-species biofilms, or even mammalian cells.作者: jocular 時(shí)間: 2025-3-24 06:44
https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4615-1289-9 If filaments are fluorescent, they can be imaged in their entirety using standard fluorescence microscopes. For imaging in vivo, blurring can be prevented by strobing the light source or by using a camera with a fast shutter. The former method is preferred, since it minimizes bleaching.作者: 漸強(qiáng) 時(shí)間: 2025-3-24 10:57 作者: harmony 時(shí)間: 2025-3-24 17:50
Visualizing Chemoattraction of Planktonic Cells to a Biofilmre captured on the membrane and imaged using confocal laser scanning microscopy (CLSM). Chemotaxis toward specific molecules produced by the biofilm, such as autoinducer-2 (AI-2), can be studied using this setup. This system can be adapted to study chemotaxis toward poly-species biofilms, or even mammalian cells.作者: Hamper 時(shí)間: 2025-3-24 20:21 作者: stress-response 時(shí)間: 2025-3-25 00:03
Monitoring Two-Component Sensor Kinases with a Chemotaxis Signal Readouta FRET-based assay that uses signaling components of the . chemotaxis system. We demonstrate the approach with NarX, a nitrate/nitrite sensor kinase, but the method should be applicable to other two-component sensor kinases.作者: 最后一個(gè) 時(shí)間: 2025-3-25 03:59 作者: 流浪者 時(shí)間: 2025-3-25 08:01 作者: uncertain 時(shí)間: 2025-3-25 12:24
Quantification of Bacterial Chemotaxis Responses at the Mouths of Hydrogel Capillariesfrom a chemorepellent. Some of these assays use a capillary filled with a chemoeffector/agarose mixture to allow cells to accumulate at the mouth of the capillary. Subsequently, assumptions about the relative strengths of chemotaxis strength are based on visual comparisons. Here, we describe a modif作者: Derogate 時(shí)間: 2025-3-25 19:24 作者: 終止 時(shí)間: 2025-3-25 21:51
Visualizing Chemoattraction of Planktonic Cells to a Biofilmriety of well-established in vitro methods (Englert et al., Microfluidic techniques for the analysis of bacterial chemotaxis. Methods Mol Biol 571:1–23, 2009). In nature, bacteria are surrounded by heterogeneous chemical gradients; hence, it is essential to understand chemotaxis behavior under such 作者: Outmoded 時(shí)間: 2025-3-26 03:02
Labeling Bacterial Flagella with Fluorescent Dyes even in swimming cells. Bacterial flagellar filaments are long (~10?μm), but of small diameter (~20?nm), and their rotation rates are high (>100?Hz), so visualization is difficult. Dark-field microscopy works well with isolated filaments, but visualization in situ is hampered by light scattered fro作者: 炸壞 時(shí)間: 2025-3-26 07:37
All-Codon Mutagenesis for Structure-Function Studies of Chemotaxis Signaling Proteins. It is thus a powerful tool to probe structure-function relationships in proteins of interest. In this chapter, we describe how we used all-codon mutagenesis to obtain mutants of the . serine receptor Tsr with amino acid replacements at residue F373, a functionally important site in this protein. W作者: initiate 時(shí)間: 2025-3-26 11:18 作者: ensemble 時(shí)間: 2025-3-26 13:33
In Vitro Assay for Measuring Receptor-Kinase Activity in the , Chemotaxis Pathwayaptor proteins. Attractants and repellents alter the rate of CheA autophosphorylation, either by directly binding the receptors or by indirectly interacting with them through intermediate binding proteins. We describe an in vitro assay for measuring receptor-kinase activity in .. This assay has been作者: Meander 時(shí)間: 2025-3-26 20:38
FRET Analysis of the Chemotaxis Pathway Responsehemotaxis is in gradients of amino acids or sugars, but other physiological stimuli such as pH, osmolarity, redox potentials, and temperature are also known to elicit tactic responses. These multiple environmental stimuli are integrated and processed within a highly sophisticated chemotaxis network 作者: Ischemic-Stroke 時(shí)間: 2025-3-26 21:27
Monitoring Two-Component Sensor Kinases with a Chemotaxis Signal Readouta transmembrane sensor with histidine kinase activity and its cytoplasmic response regulator partner. Stimulus-response studies of two-component signaling systems typically employ expression reporters, such as β-galactosidase, that operate with relatively slow kinetics and low precision. In this cha作者: 整頓 時(shí)間: 2025-3-27 03:35
Analyzing Protein Domain Interactions in Chemoreceptors by In Vivo PEGylationproteolysis during the preparation of membrane vesicles. Permeabilized cells can closely mimic in vivo conditions, maintaining the intracellular milieu and geometry of interacting domains. Here, we describe an optimized method for determining solvent accessibility in permeabilized . cells. In this m作者: 美學(xué) 時(shí)間: 2025-3-27 06:32
Tuning Chemoreceptor Signaling by Positioning Aromatic Residues at the Lipid–Aqueous Interfaceidues, namely Trp and Tyr, for the polar–hydrophobic interfaces found within biological membranes. Here, we describe the application of aromatic tuning within the aspartate chemoreceptor of . (Tar). We have also employed the method within other related proteins, such as sensor histidine kinases (SHK作者: 宿醉 時(shí)間: 2025-3-27 12:04 作者: 寬度 時(shí)間: 2025-3-27 15:36
Upasana Bagchi,K. Jayasankara Reddy-throughput methods for screening novel chemoeffectors; (6) Creating chemical tools for studying chemosensory signal transduction; (7) Computerized analysis of chemotaxis. Every effort has been made to get the most experienced and proficient practitioners of each of the methods described, and the ed作者: Nmda-Receptor 時(shí)間: 2025-3-27 18:54
The Plenum Series in Crime and Justiceance energy transfer (FRET). In ., the most commonly used form of the FRET assay relies on the interaction between the phosphorylated response regulator CheY and its phosphatase CheZ to quantify activity of the histidine kinase CheA. We further describe a FRET assay for ., which employs CheY and the作者: 可互換 時(shí)間: 2025-3-28 00:11
What Is Zen?: The Path of Just Sittingccessibility can suggest interacting protein surfaces. We successfully used this method to reveal inaccessible surfaces on both the Aer PAS and HAMP domains that were then shown by disulfide cross-linking to interact.作者: 脖子 時(shí)間: 2025-3-28 03:37
Book 2018tep, readily reproducible laboratory protocols, and tips for troubleshooting and avoiding known pitfalls.?.Authoritative and cutting-edge, .Bacterial Chemosensing: Methods and Protocols. provides an extensive repertoire of approaches that can be extended to understanding chemotaxis, in particular, a作者: epidermis 時(shí)間: 2025-3-28 09:42 作者: 小母馬 時(shí)間: 2025-3-28 13:19 作者: 貪婪性 時(shí)間: 2025-3-28 17:01 作者: 不可接觸 時(shí)間: 2025-3-28 21:27 作者: 侵害 時(shí)間: 2025-3-29 02:33
Michael D. MansonIncludes cutting-edge methods and protocols for the study of bacterial chemosensing.Provides step-by-step detail essential for reproducible results.Contains key notes and implementation advice from th作者: Fortuitous 時(shí)間: 2025-3-29 03:36 作者: 有權(quán)威 時(shí)間: 2025-3-29 08:15 作者: 重力 時(shí)間: 2025-3-29 12:42 作者: 不知疲倦 時(shí)間: 2025-3-29 17:18
The Diversity of Bacterial Chemosensinggene expression, their metabolic and transport functions, and their behavior to cope with every challenge and opportunity with which they are presented. This volume collates the most recent methods developed to monitor and manipulate the processes by which bacteria sense and respond to their chemical environment.作者: 熟練 時(shí)間: 2025-3-29 23:12
Mutational Analysis of Binding Protein–Chemoreceptor Interactionsodeling can reveal potential sites of interaction, and these sites can be deleted or mutated and the effects tested through various in vivo chemotaxis assays to ascertain their importance during interaction. Here, the approach for analysis of the interaction between a major . chemoreceptor and its binding protein ligand is described.作者: Tortuous 時(shí)間: 2025-3-30 03:29 作者: debunk 時(shí)間: 2025-3-30 05:41 作者: DENT 時(shí)間: 2025-3-30 09:04 作者: FATAL 時(shí)間: 2025-3-30 16:15 作者: 俗艷 時(shí)間: 2025-3-30 20:30 作者: 招惹 時(shí)間: 2025-3-30 22:27 作者: 徹底檢查 時(shí)間: 2025-3-31 03:51
Kseniya Katsman,Elizabeth L. Jeglicriety of well-established in vitro methods (Englert et al., Microfluidic techniques for the analysis of bacterial chemotaxis. Methods Mol Biol 571:1–23, 2009). In nature, bacteria are surrounded by heterogeneous chemical gradients; hence, it is essential to understand chemotaxis behavior under such 作者: 表臉 時(shí)間: 2025-3-31 07:05
https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4615-1289-9 even in swimming cells. Bacterial flagellar filaments are long (~10?μm), but of small diameter (~20?nm), and their rotation rates are high (>100?Hz), so visualization is difficult. Dark-field microscopy works well with isolated filaments, but visualization in situ is hampered by light scattered fro