作者: Thyroid-Gland 時(shí)間: 2025-3-21 20:53 作者: 遷移 時(shí)間: 2025-3-22 01:24 作者: 態(tài)度暖昧 時(shí)間: 2025-3-22 06:46
https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-011-2476-8astronomy; instruments; observatory; photometry; telescope; turbulence作者: IOTA 時(shí)間: 2025-3-22 09:11 作者: MOT 時(shí)間: 2025-3-22 13:47
Forschungsthema und Forschungsfrage,Astronomical photometric observations are carried out with two different techniques: . (also called 2-D photometry), and ..作者: 黃瓜 時(shí)間: 2025-3-22 18:55 作者: 憤憤不平 時(shí)間: 2025-3-22 21:29
https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-531-92141-9Filters select specific regions from the ultraviolet, visible and infrared region of the electromagnetic spectrum. They are fully described by their thickness and diameter and by their spectral transmission and reflection curves. Categories useful in astronomical photometry are:作者: phlegm 時(shí)間: 2025-3-23 04:25 作者: 縮減了 時(shí)間: 2025-3-23 07:02 作者: Conquest 時(shí)間: 2025-3-23 11:06 作者: flavonoids 時(shí)間: 2025-3-23 17:56 作者: 危險(xiǎn) 時(shí)間: 2025-3-23 19:41
The photomultiplier,The . is the essential part of most professional aperture photometers. It does not record an image, but only measures the amount of incident light. In summary the photomultiplier is a ..作者: 首創(chuàng)精神 時(shí)間: 2025-3-23 23:55
Photometric filters,Filters select specific regions from the ultraviolet, visible and infrared region of the electromagnetic spectrum. They are fully described by their thickness and diameter and by their spectral transmission and reflection curves. Categories useful in astronomical photometry are:作者: Chagrin 時(shí)間: 2025-3-24 04:09
Atmospheric extinction,, in its broadest sense, is the reduction of the intensity of radiation as a result of absorption and scattering by the Earth’s atmosphere (see Fig. 6.1). Both processes reduce the radiant flux from a given beam of light (about one sixth of the amount of perpendicularly incident light is extinguished in the visible domain).作者: Anticonvulsants 時(shí)間: 2025-3-24 10:18
Principles of data analysis,The reduction of photometric data consists in calculating the magnitudes and colors of celestial objects on a standard scale. The influences—either random or systematic—of the Earth’s atmosphere and of the instrumentation on the signal have to be removed. The evaluation of the accuracy of the results is the final part of the reduction process.作者: 遺忘 時(shí)間: 2025-3-24 11:27 作者: Credence 時(shí)間: 2025-3-24 17:56
Introduction,s with measuring the intensity of light”. It is also “the practice of using a photometer”. When measuring monochromatic light quantities, photometric methods are straightforward, but when comparing light sources with different spectral energy distributions, measurements become more problematic.作者: 陳舊 時(shí)間: 2025-3-24 19:40
Atmospheric turbulence: scintillation and seeing,y be approximately considered to consist of a constant term, and of a variable quantity. The constant part of attenuation of light is the extinction, whereas the constant term of the deflection of light is the refraction. The rapid variations are random fluctuations—respectively called . and .—which are caused by atmospheric turbulence.作者: cardiac-arrest 時(shí)間: 2025-3-25 02:12 作者: morale 時(shí)間: 2025-3-25 07:06
Astronomical Photometry978-94-011-2476-8Series ISSN 0067-0057 Series E-ISSN 2214-7985 作者: Dawdle 時(shí)間: 2025-3-25 09:06
Forschungs-Management am Scheideweg?,s with measuring the intensity of light”. It is also “the practice of using a photometer”. When measuring monochromatic light quantities, photometric methods are straightforward, but when comparing light sources with different spectral energy distributions, measurements become more problematic.作者: CHAFE 時(shí)間: 2025-3-25 14:35
Die Konstitutionsfunktion des Kriegesy be approximately considered to consist of a constant term, and of a variable quantity. The constant part of attenuation of light is the extinction, whereas the constant term of the deflection of light is the refraction. The rapid variations are random fluctuations—respectively called . and .—which are caused by atmospheric turbulence.作者: 拖網(wǎng) 時(shí)間: 2025-3-25 18:00
Ernst Burrichter,Wolfram Schoenwald are possible. But conducting the photometric observations themselves is more critical, because one night of measurements can never be repeated. Observing does not allow an idle pace. Correct decisions have to be taken at once and back-pedalling is impossible.作者: GEON 時(shí)間: 2025-3-25 23:31 作者: Detain 時(shí)間: 2025-3-26 04:09
https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-663-08040-4.e., changes the magnification), but it should be remembered that radiance of a light beam cannot be increased by optical means (see Section 1.2.1). As a matter of fact, radiance is effectively reduced due to transmission losses in and at the surfaces of the optical components, which modify the func作者: Synthesize 時(shí)間: 2025-3-26 07:13 作者: BROOK 時(shí)間: 2025-3-26 09:33 作者: 不能妥協(xié) 時(shí)間: 2025-3-26 14:44 作者: Generosity 時(shí)間: 2025-3-26 19:03
Forst-Akademien oder allgemeine Hochschulen?by the quality of the instrumentation. In most experiments, the measuring apparatus has to be calibrated in order to ensure conformity to the established standards. For instance, land-surveyors and geometers need to know whether they use an accurate unit of length. It is quite easy to apply a relati作者: deadlock 時(shí)間: 2025-3-26 23:17
Vom Baum-Herbarium zu Xylothek,e spectrum than is the visible. While the visible region covers all wavelengths to which our eyes are sensitive, the infrared deals with radiation beyond the red cut-off wavelength of the visible domain, say from about 800 nm up to about 1 mm. Beyond 800 nm the human sensory system switches from the作者: 種植,培養(yǎng) 時(shí)間: 2025-3-27 03:53
,Einführung in die Forstbotanik,uster lies inside the diaphragm all contributions are automatically added. At the same time the sky background is also included in every measurement, making necessary separate observations of the background. Consequently the objects have to be measured sequentially. But there exist two-dimensional d作者: 吞下 時(shí)間: 2025-3-27 06:05
Ernst Burrichter,Wolfram Schoenwaldo chemical changes when struck by light. Only about 10% of the incident light is actually absorbed by the grains in the emulsion, and several to several hundred photons must be absorbed by a grain for it to turn black during development. The grain-to-photon ratio is only a couple of percent at most,作者: incontinence 時(shí)間: 2025-3-27 10:05 作者: Antioxidant 時(shí)間: 2025-3-27 14:01
Book 1992east to photometers, which are very importanttools for the contemporary observer. This development of higherquality and more sensitive equipment makes it very necessary toimprove the accuracy of the measurements. This guide helps theastronomer and astronomy student to improve the quality of theirpho作者: diabetes 時(shí)間: 2025-3-27 18:13 作者: exclusice 時(shí)間: 2025-3-28 01:10
Ernst Burrichter,Wolfram Schoenwald and even the best modern plates have a quantum efficiency which is not better than that of the eye. The photographic emulsion is the only detector that—after processing—becomes the storage medium itself.作者: 切碎 時(shí)間: 2025-3-28 02:16
,Einführung in die Forstbotanik,at respect. The photographic plate can store a tremendous amount of spatial information but with a very poor photometric accuracy (see Chapter 14). In addition, the photographic emulsion cannot reliably record large magnitude differences and has such a low quantum efficiency that long exposures are generally required.作者: Pituitary-Gland 時(shí)間: 2025-3-28 06:30
Charge-coupled devices,at respect. The photographic plate can store a tremendous amount of spatial information but with a very poor photometric accuracy (see Chapter 14). In addition, the photographic emulsion cannot reliably record large magnitude differences and has such a low quantum efficiency that long exposures are generally required.作者: 夾克怕包裹 時(shí)間: 2025-3-28 10:42 作者: ENACT 時(shí)間: 2025-3-28 17:59
https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-663-08040-4s a matter of fact, radiance is effectively reduced due to transmission losses in and at the surfaces of the optical components, which modify the function s.(λ) in Eq. (1.14). This is especially true for spectral radiance at wavelengths where transmission or reflection losses in the optics are important.作者: 無法取消 時(shí)間: 2025-3-28 20:14 作者: 寒冷 時(shí)間: 2025-3-28 22:59 作者: 撫慰 時(shí)間: 2025-3-29 06:09
Vom Baum-Herbarium zu Xylothek,hic emulsions, silicon CCDs and also red-sensitive photocathodes can still be used. However, longward of 1.1 μm Si becomes completely transparent, and these detectors become ineffective and special detectors must be used instead (see Section 12.3).作者: candle 時(shí)間: 2025-3-29 11:03
Interstellar extinction,ot larger, but they are closer than what the derived distances suggest, and the excess in inferred distance is caused by interstellar absorption not being taken into account. Trumpler derived a mean interstellar extinction coefficient of 0.7 magnitude per kpc in the photographic domain.作者: 接合 時(shí)間: 2025-3-29 14:52 作者: 自由職業(yè)者 時(shí)間: 2025-3-29 17:08
Color transformation,e functions s(λ) is not a constant (this ratio is rarely unity because of differences in the collecting areas, in the filter transparency, and in the detector efficiency, but this is of secondary importance, since it translates directly into a scaling factor or a magnitude zero-point).作者: 過于光澤 時(shí)間: 2025-3-29 21:31 作者: Forsake 時(shí)間: 2025-3-30 03:18 作者: REP 時(shí)間: 2025-3-30 05:03
0067-0057 f theirphotometric measurements and to extract a maximum of information fromtheir observations. .The book is based on the authors‘ observing experience, spendingnumerious nights behind various instruments at many differentobservatories. .978-0-7923-1776-0978-94-011-2476-8Series ISSN 0067-0057 Series E-ISSN 2214-7985 作者: glans-penis 時(shí)間: 2025-3-30 09:45 作者: heirloom 時(shí)間: 2025-3-30 14:40 作者: AXIOM 時(shí)間: 2025-3-30 16:59
Atmospheric turbulence: scintillation and seeing,y be approximately considered to consist of a constant term, and of a variable quantity. The constant part of attenuation of light is the extinction, whereas the constant term of the deflection of light is the refraction. The rapid variations are random fluctuations—respectively called . and .—which作者: 直覺沒有 時(shí)間: 2025-3-30 21:38
Color transformation,d with standard data obtained at other sites with other telescopes, other filters and other detectors. Even when one works in a well-established system, such as the Johnson- Morgan . system (see Chapter 16), the instrumental responses of various equipments are seldom identical, i.e., the ratio of th作者: Mere僅僅 時(shí)間: 2025-3-31 01:55 作者: averse 時(shí)間: 2025-3-31 08:13 作者: conscience 時(shí)間: 2025-3-31 10:57
Infrared photometry,e spectrum than is the visible. While the visible region covers all wavelengths to which our eyes are sensitive, the infrared deals with radiation beyond the red cut-off wavelength of the visible domain, say from about 800 nm up to about 1 mm. Beyond 800 nm the human sensory system switches from the作者: d-limonene 時(shí)間: 2025-3-31 16:23
Charge-coupled devices,uster lies inside the diaphragm all contributions are automatically added. At the same time the sky background is also included in every measurement, making necessary separate observations of the background. Consequently the objects have to be measured sequentially. But there exist two-dimensional d
