作者: intricacy 時(shí)間: 2025-3-21 21:33
Basic Background Concepts,motions). The problem of the kinetic theory of gases is to determine the distributions of the thermal velocities and of the level populations. This task is complicated by the fact that these distributions are determined by the combined effects of a number of competing mechanisms, including collision作者: Synchronism 時(shí)間: 2025-3-22 00:46
Maser Theory,In this approximation the vector nature of the electric field is ignored, resulting in considerable simplifications. Most of the essential features of complete theory are preserved; the only important property lost is polarization, discussed separately in chapter 6.作者: 萬(wàn)神殿 時(shí)間: 2025-3-22 07:28 作者: upstart 時(shí)間: 2025-3-22 12:40
Polarization,m Maxwell’s equations, the electric field of electromagnetic radiation is perpendicular to the propagation direction. In the case of monochromatic waves, the tip of the field vector traces a well-defined figure in the transverse plane, usually an ellipse, a property referred to as .. Real radiation 作者: outer-ear 時(shí)間: 2025-3-22 14:22 作者: 發(fā)芽 時(shí)間: 2025-3-22 21:01
The Environments of Astronomical Masers,iled descriptions of various maser sources in the following chapters. The discussion here is necessarily brief, and concentrates on concepts and processes with the most relevance to maser operation. This astronomical background material can be supplemented by the following references: the book . by 作者: antidote 時(shí)間: 2025-3-22 22:12
OH Masers,963) and the first astronomical maser ever discovered (Weaver et al. 1965). This molecule still provides the largest variety of astronomical sources displaying maser activity. Strong OH maser emission is observed in both star-forming regions and late-type stars. Weak maser effects are prevalent in l作者: 聾子 時(shí)間: 2025-3-23 03:29
H2O Masers,ansition (figure 3.2) toward a number of star-forming regions using the 20 foot radio telescope of the University of California Hat Creek Observatory. The emission was rather strong, antenna temperatures as high as 60 K, even though the transition levels lie more than 600 K above ground and would re作者: 蠟燭 時(shí)間: 2025-3-23 07:48
SiO Masers, Orion molecular cloud. The narrow linewidths and the compactness of the emission region suggested that this was a new maser, which Snyder and Buhl promptly identified as the . = 2 → 1 transition of the first vibrationally excited state (. = 1) of SiO. The almost immediate detection of two more rota作者: 許可 時(shí)間: 2025-3-23 12:29 作者: hypotension 時(shí)間: 2025-3-23 14:20 作者: Negligible 時(shí)間: 2025-3-23 20:19
Masers as Astronomical Tools, propagating. Some of the probed properties can be deduced even without modeling of the maser process itself. In such cases maser radiation provides a general astronomical tool, employed in the analysis of properties altogether unrelated to maser action per se. This final chapter describes some of t作者: caldron 時(shí)間: 2025-3-24 01:55
Epilogue,when population inversion was a novelty, still regarded as something of a mysterious, exotic process. Many of the intricate, unique properties of coherent radiation were studied by astronomers almost at the same time they were being unraveled by laboratory physicists. Reading through the early liter作者: GOAD 時(shí)間: 2025-3-24 04:40
https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-658-42791-7an at the turn of this century with the discovery of evidence for the existence of interstellar material. Various atomic absorption lines in stellar spectra displayed a correlation between depth of absorption features and distance to the background star, indicating that the absorbing material reside作者: 混合 時(shí)間: 2025-3-24 09:46 作者: Indicative 時(shí)間: 2025-3-24 13:55
https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-322-94345-3In this approximation the vector nature of the electric field is ignored, resulting in considerable simplifications. Most of the essential features of complete theory are preserved; the only important property lost is polarization, discussed separately in chapter 6.作者: 猛然一拉 時(shí)間: 2025-3-24 16:19
https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-322-94345-3 angular distribution, and since it does not have a true intensity ., it cannot predict the brightness temperature either. In addition, although the behavior of radiation propagating along individual rays is in general similar to that of the linear maser, the saturation effect couples different rays作者: 宴會(huì) 時(shí)間: 2025-3-24 22:13
https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-658-06294-1m Maxwell’s equations, the electric field of electromagnetic radiation is perpendicular to the propagation direction. In the case of monochromatic waves, the tip of the field vector traces a well-defined figure in the transverse plane, usually an ellipse, a property referred to as .. Real radiation 作者: 形容詞 時(shí)間: 2025-3-25 00:48
Karsten Berr,Sebastian Feldhusen
s summarized by the volume pump rates . and loss rates Γ., are given. It is now time to investigate the underlying pumping mechanisms that keep the masers going. This is done in the present chapter, which discusses the various mechanisms that can lead to maser inversion. Most of the information that作者: Decline 時(shí)間: 2025-3-25 06:04
Karsten Berr,Sebastian Feldhuseniled descriptions of various maser sources in the following chapters. The discussion here is necessarily brief, and concentrates on concepts and processes with the most relevance to maser operation. This astronomical background material can be supplemented by the following references: the book . by 作者: 開(kāi)玩笑 時(shí)間: 2025-3-25 09:51
Experimentelle Designs in der Psychologie,963) and the first astronomical maser ever discovered (Weaver et al. 1965). This molecule still provides the largest variety of astronomical sources displaying maser activity. Strong OH maser emission is observed in both star-forming regions and late-type stars. Weak maser effects are prevalent in l作者: 步履蹣跚 時(shí)間: 2025-3-25 13:50 作者: 流出 時(shí)間: 2025-3-25 17:05 作者: Assemble 時(shí)間: 2025-3-25 21:43
Quantitative Forschungsmethodenr” maser molecules is provided in §3.1.4. Among those, methanol (CH.OH) and ammonia (NH.) have generated the most activity and show the promise that they soon will join the three “classical” masers OH, H.O and SiO as equally important. This chapter summarizes the current status of maser studies of t作者: 螢火蟲(chóng) 時(shí)間: 2025-3-26 01:01
Quantitative Forschungsmethodene different types of galaxies and to study galactic structure from without, rather than within, more than compensate for the weaker signals and relatively poor spatial resolution when compared with sources in our own Galaxy, the Milky Way. Maser emission has been detected in three species: OH, H.O a作者: Cognizance 時(shí)間: 2025-3-26 07:19
Psychologie als eine empirische Wissenschaft propagating. Some of the probed properties can be deduced even without modeling of the maser process itself. In such cases maser radiation provides a general astronomical tool, employed in the analysis of properties altogether unrelated to maser action per se. This final chapter describes some of t作者: 無(wú)能力之人 時(shí)間: 2025-3-26 11:01 作者: chronology 時(shí)間: 2025-3-26 15:20 作者: 變態(tài) 時(shí)間: 2025-3-26 17:04 作者: 格言 時(shí)間: 2025-3-26 23:04 作者: 樹(shù)木中 時(shí)間: 2025-3-27 04:17 作者: tooth-decay 時(shí)間: 2025-3-27 07:38 作者: Arboreal 時(shí)間: 2025-3-27 12:54 作者: 尊敬 時(shí)間: 2025-3-27 16:40 作者: periodontitis 時(shí)間: 2025-3-27 19:39 作者: Cytokines 時(shí)間: 2025-3-28 00:48
Quantitative Forschungsmethodenr” maser molecules is provided in §3.1.4. Among those, methanol (CH.OH) and ammonia (NH.) have generated the most activity and show the promise that they soon will join the three “classical” masers OH, H.O and SiO as equally important. This chapter summarizes the current status of maser studies of these two species.作者: 姑姑在炫耀 時(shí)間: 2025-3-28 05:29 作者: 點(diǎn)燃 時(shí)間: 2025-3-28 08:46 作者: chondromalacia 時(shí)間: 2025-3-28 13:48
Polarization,arized. Accordingly, the detection of polarized radiation indicates the existence of an overall structure or correlation in the emitting region. The situation can be likened to thermal motions of gas particles. Each particle has a well defined velocity, but the overall velocity (though not the veloc作者: eczema 時(shí)間: 2025-3-28 17:42 作者: 沒(méi)有準(zhǔn)備 時(shí)間: 2025-3-28 21:14 作者: justify 時(shí)間: 2025-3-28 23:56
Epilogue,in, its interpretation usually must be supplemented by other observations. The backlash to the early unfulfilled anticipation led to the opposite extreme view that nothing can be learned from masers, an opinion that prevailed in some quarters through much of the 70’s.作者: 文字 時(shí)間: 2025-3-29 04:28 作者: 膽汁 時(shí)間: 2025-3-29 09:09
https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-658-06294-1arized. Accordingly, the detection of polarized radiation indicates the existence of an overall structure or correlation in the emitting region. The situation can be likened to thermal motions of gas particles. Each particle has a well defined velocity, but the overall velocity (though not the veloc作者: HERE 時(shí)間: 2025-3-29 14:34 作者: 諂媚于人 時(shí)間: 2025-3-29 15:59 作者: 特別容易碎 時(shí)間: 2025-3-29 22:31
Psychologie als eine empirische Wissenschaftin, its interpretation usually must be supplemented by other observations. The backlash to the early unfulfilled anticipation led to the opposite extreme view that nothing can be learned from masers, an opinion that prevailed in some quarters through much of the 70’s.作者: 宴會(huì) 時(shí)間: 2025-3-30 00:00 作者: 感染 時(shí)間: 2025-3-30 06:40
https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-658-42791-7sk is complicated by the fact that these distributions are determined by the combined effects of a number of competing mechanisms, including collisions between the particles as well as various radiative processes.作者: DALLY 時(shí)間: 2025-3-30 11:48
https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-322-94345-3ehavior of radiation propagating along individual rays is in general similar to that of the linear maser, the saturation effect couples different rays and introduces features that are outside the scope of the simple linear model. The unique effects introduced by three-dimensional geometries are discussed in this chapter.
