作者: Exposure 時(shí)間: 2025-3-21 23:27
Opto-Acoustics:Old Idea with New Applications on a sample. This effect was discovered by A. G. Bell in 1880, who observed that audible sound is produced when chopped sunlight is absorbed by a sample. Although the OA effect is very old, there is a great resurgence of interest in it in the past several years, both theoretically and experimentall作者: chlorosis 時(shí)間: 2025-3-22 03:09
Photoacoustic Analysis in Condensed MatterW. Rontgen [2] and J. Tyndall [3]. Although such effect has been known for a long time no developments in studying physical properties of materials have been reported until 1973. This delay in the improvement of the P. A. techniques is due to the fact that lasers are used as sources in such techniqu作者: Hyaluronic-Acid 時(shí)間: 2025-3-22 06:43 作者: 策略 時(shí)間: 2025-3-22 09:22
Laser Detection of Combustion Species laser-induced fluorescence for determining the concentrations of selected molecules and/or radicals. The second is Mie scattering of laser radiation for determining the size and concentration of carbonaceous particulates. In discussing laser-induced fluorescence, attention will be given to:applicab作者: 路標(biāo) 時(shí)間: 2025-3-22 15:20
Analytical and Diagnostic Applications of Laser Induced Fluorescence in Flames and Plasmasential of this source and of the possibility of non-intrusive optical probing of several physical parameters of fundamental interest in laboratory flames and industrial devices for a better understanding of their combustion kinetics.作者: 極為憤怒 時(shí)間: 2025-3-22 19:03 作者: 類人猿 時(shí)間: 2025-3-23 00:35
Analytical Spectroscopy Using Laser Atomizerssary to first explain the properties of typical excitation sources. In optical spectrochemical analysis, chemical elements contained in a sample are determined with the help of their optical line spectra. This can only be done, if a representative part of a solid or liquid sample is first converted 作者: DAMP 時(shí)間: 2025-3-23 05:14
Theory of Resonance Ionization Spectroscopyitions from the selected state of the atoms or molecules in question to higher states, one of which will be ionized by the absorption of another photon. At least one resonance step is used in the stepwise ionization process, and it has been shown[1–4] that the ionization probability of the spectrosc作者: FRAUD 時(shí)間: 2025-3-23 06:37
One-Atom Detection and Statistical Studies with Resonance Ionization Spectroscopypresumably a worthy goal in scientific research[l]. The advent of the laser created real hope that these aspirations will be realized. The counting of atoms is not merely an intellectual exercise set apart from real-world applications. On the contrary, even though the capability is scarcely more tha作者: Ergots 時(shí)間: 2025-3-23 13:34 作者: 滋養(yǎng) 時(shí)間: 2025-3-23 16:14
Resonance Ionization Spectroscopy: Applications in Isotope Geophysics very often occur in natural samples such as air, water, ice, sediments or organic material only in extremely small concentrations and very sensitive analytical techniques are necessary to extract the information.作者: insidious 時(shí)間: 2025-3-23 19:42
Analytical Optogalvanic Spectroscopy in Flamesarges. In such environments, a low degree of ionization is maintained by collisions between atoms, molecules, ions, and/or electrons. The use of a laser to produce significant perturbations in the steady state energy level population distribution of a neutral species in a weakly ionized plasma will 作者: maudtin 時(shí)間: 2025-3-24 00:30 作者: Vertical 時(shí)間: 2025-3-24 04:22
IR and UV Free Electron Laser Sourcests of this new laser source, the experimental proposals and the first obtained results have been reported both for single pass electron beam devices (IR-FIR) and for storage ring recirculated electron beam (VUV and XUV). The wide range of tunability and the large attainable power make the FEL a uniq作者: 抵制 時(shí)間: 2025-3-24 09:06 作者: 杠桿支點(diǎn) 時(shí)間: 2025-3-24 12:42
Matrix-Isolation Spectroscopy of Small Metal Clusterscatalysis. The spectroscopy of such particles isolated in noble gas matrices[1] offers a considerable reduction in the complexity of their molecular spectra and gives valuable information on the gas phase properties. In addition particles which are produced only a low rates can easily be collected f作者: 可觸知 時(shí)間: 2025-3-24 16:07
0258-1221 in Erice, Italy. This is the 9th annual course of Inter- national School of Quantum Electronics organized under the auspices of the "E. Majorana" Center for Scientific Culture. The Advanced Study Institute has been devoted to the analytical applications of lasers in spectroscopy. Atomic and molecul作者: Distribution 時(shí)間: 2025-3-24 19:39 作者: induct 時(shí)間: 2025-3-24 23:17
https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-8348-9182-2ve been reported until 1973. This delay in the improvement of the P. A. techniques is due to the fact that lasers are used as sources in such techniques, even if incoherent broad band light sources have shown to be useful sources for optical excitation.作者: Commodious 時(shí)間: 2025-3-25 03:22 作者: 混合 時(shí)間: 2025-3-25 09:56
Sebastian Iwanowski,Rainer LangIR-FIR) and for storage ring recirculated electron beam (VUV and XUV). The wide range of tunability and the large attainable power make the FEL a unique source of coherent electromagnetic radiation in the submillimeter wavelength range.作者: 溫順 時(shí)間: 2025-3-25 14:38 作者: 預(yù)防注射 時(shí)間: 2025-3-25 18:33 作者: Amorous 時(shí)間: 2025-3-25 22:55
Photoacoustic Analysis in Condensed Matterve been reported until 1973. This delay in the improvement of the P. A. techniques is due to the fact that lasers are used as sources in such techniques, even if incoherent broad band light sources have shown to be useful sources for optical excitation.作者: Allergic 時(shí)間: 2025-3-26 00:20 作者: 使害羞 時(shí)間: 2025-3-26 04:32
IR and UV Free Electron Laser SourcesIR-FIR) and for storage ring recirculated electron beam (VUV and XUV). The wide range of tunability and the large attainable power make the FEL a unique source of coherent electromagnetic radiation in the submillimeter wavelength range.作者: 不要不誠(chéng)實(shí) 時(shí)間: 2025-3-26 09:28
Matrix-Isolation Spectroscopy of Small Metal Clusterspectra and gives valuable information on the gas phase properties. In addition particles which are produced only a low rates can easily be collected for spectroscopic measurements. The matrix isolation (MI) technique is therefore especially suitable for the spectroscopy of small clusters.作者: 戲法 時(shí)間: 2025-3-26 13:19
https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-8348-9182-2ely and even one electron (or under vacuum conditions, one ion) can be detected, the technique can be used to make quantitative measurements of very small populations of the state-selected species. Counting of individual atoms has special meaning for detection of rare events.作者: savage 時(shí)間: 2025-3-26 18:54 作者: 量被毀壞 時(shí)間: 2025-3-27 01:01
Theory of Resonance Ionization Spectroscopyely and even one electron (or under vacuum conditions, one ion) can be detected, the technique can be used to make quantitative measurements of very small populations of the state-selected species. Counting of individual atoms has special meaning for detection of rare events.作者: 沐浴 時(shí)間: 2025-3-27 01:17 作者: rectocele 時(shí)間: 2025-3-27 05:58 作者: 懲罰 時(shí)間: 2025-3-27 09:30 作者: transplantation 時(shí)間: 2025-3-27 16:30
https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-8348-9182-2onance process. With these new laser sources[3] we expect to have effective ionization volumes of 10.-10. cm. for the cases of argon, krypton, and xenon. This has important consequences in weak interaction physics and environmental research.作者: Accommodation 時(shí)間: 2025-3-27 20:44
Sebastian Iwanowski,Rainer Langresult in a corresponding change in the volume ionization rate of the plasma. Such a change in plasma impedance in response to discrete optical electronic excitation of atomic or molecular species is called the optogalvanic effect[1,2], and forms the basis of optogalvanic spectroscopy [3–5].作者: neoplasm 時(shí)間: 2025-3-28 01:19 作者: inflame 時(shí)間: 2025-3-28 05:55 作者: BIPED 時(shí)間: 2025-3-28 07:33 作者: 樂(lè)章 時(shí)間: 2025-3-28 10:32 作者: hemoglobin 時(shí)間: 2025-3-28 15:39 作者: 猛擊 時(shí)間: 2025-3-28 19:27 作者: 膝蓋 時(shí)間: 2025-3-28 22:56 作者: Arthr- 時(shí)間: 2025-3-29 06:36 作者: 洞察力 時(shí)間: 2025-3-29 09:23
Resonance Ionization Spectroscopy: Applications in Isotope Geophysics very often occur in natural samples such as air, water, ice, sediments or organic material only in extremely small concentrations and very sensitive analytical techniques are necessary to extract the information.作者: 逗留 時(shí)間: 2025-3-29 12:31
Application of Lasers to Trace Analysis in the Atmosphere and Experiments with Single Atomsw divergence are especially useful for such measurements. Lasers with continuous and discrete tunability can be used to measure specific components selectively. In the following a brief survey of methods used to date is given and new results reported.作者: 機(jī)構(gòu) 時(shí)間: 2025-3-29 19:18 作者: Visual-Acuity 時(shí)間: 2025-3-29 23:31
Analytical Laser Spectroscopy978-1-4613-2441-6Series ISSN 0258-1221 作者: 收到 時(shí)間: 2025-3-30 01:13
Diskrete Mathematik für Einsteigerential of this source and of the possibility of non-intrusive optical probing of several physical parameters of fundamental interest in laboratory flames and industrial devices for a better understanding of their combustion kinetics.作者: 吞沒(méi) 時(shí)間: 2025-3-30 04:52
Diskrete Mathematik für Einsteiger very often occur in natural samples such as air, water, ice, sediments or organic material only in extremely small concentrations and very sensitive analytical techniques are necessary to extract the information.作者: genuine 時(shí)間: 2025-3-30 11:56
Sebastian Iwanowski,Rainer Langw divergence are especially useful for such measurements. Lasers with continuous and discrete tunability can be used to measure specific components selectively. In the following a brief survey of methods used to date is given and new results reported.作者: deficiency 時(shí)間: 2025-3-30 16:04 作者: promote 時(shí)間: 2025-3-30 18:10
https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-8348-9182-2The use of Coherent Anti-Stokes Raman Spectroscopy (CARS) is undergoing rapid growth for non invasive measurements of gas temperature and composition in a broad range of practical combustion systems, such as internal combustion engines[1], bluff-body combustors[2] and turbine combustors.[3,4].作者: Painstaking 時(shí)間: 2025-3-30 21:16
https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-0348-5543-3The use of resonance Raman spectroscopy was studied in the determination of all yellow, orange and red food dyes registered by the European Economical Community. This technique offers many advantages in comparison with the commonly used methods, mostly based on chromatography or visible absorption spectroscopy.作者: 反叛者 時(shí)間: 2025-3-31 01:10 作者: 抗原 時(shí)間: 2025-3-31 08:32
The Use of Resonance Raman Spectroscopy as an Analytical Tool in the Qualitative and Quantitative DeThe use of resonance Raman spectroscopy was studied in the determination of all yellow, orange and red food dyes registered by the European Economical Community. This technique offers many advantages in comparison with the commonly used methods, mostly based on chromatography or visible absorption spectroscopy.作者: fixed-joint 時(shí)間: 2025-3-31 10:44 作者: 動(dòng)機(jī) 時(shí)間: 2025-3-31 14:46 作者: COKE 時(shí)間: 2025-3-31 19:47 作者: coagulate 時(shí)間: 2025-3-31 22:54 作者: 顯示 時(shí)間: 2025-4-1 05:04
Diskrete Mathematik für Einsteiger on a sample. This effect was discovered by A. G. Bell in 1880, who observed that audible sound is produced when chopped sunlight is absorbed by a sample. Although the OA effect is very old, there is a great resurgence of interest in it in the past several years, both theoretically and experimentall作者: 窩轉(zhuǎn)脊椎動(dòng)物 時(shí)間: 2025-4-1 06:33 作者: Bernstein-test 時(shí)間: 2025-4-1 11:23
https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-8348-9182-2out a decade ago. Following some early publications on this subject [1–2], a massive effort was undertaken in order to evaluate the potential of spontaneous Raman scattering in the important areas of atmospheric sounding and combustion diagnostics. In these experiments, the concentrations of the mol作者: 身體萌芽 時(shí)間: 2025-4-1 17:21 作者: Ardent 時(shí)間: 2025-4-1 22:08 作者: FANG 時(shí)間: 2025-4-2 01:40
Diskrete Mathematik für Einsteigers. The following examples can give an idea of the problems involved in the understanding and controlling the combustion processes. Pollutants in the exhaust gases have to be measured at trace level and the results of highly sophisticated computer codes, for chemical kinetics and turbulent combustion
